Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914

Kury, Adriano B. & Machado, Glauco, 2025, Redescription of Bonea sarasinorum from Sulawesi, and the relationships of Bonea within Podoctinae (Opiliones, Grassatores, Podoctidae), Zootaxa 5659 (1), pp. 133-145 : 136-143

Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914

( Figs 1–6 )

• Bonea sarasinorum Roewer 1914: 88 , figs 7–8.

Bonea sarasinorum — Roewer 1923: 160, figs 176–177; Zhang et al. 2013: 205 , figs 5–15.

Types: Holotype female [wrongly reported as a male in the original description and also in Roewer 1923] ( NMB 20a , not examined) . A detailed account and a redescription of the holotype can be found in Zhang et al. (2013).

Other material examined: 1 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MNRJ 9258 not destroyed in the 2018 fire), Indonesia, Sulawesi, Taman Nasional Nani Warta Bone (0.517593°,123.076131°, alt.: 227 m), 20/07/2016, A Giupponi & A Kury leg.

Redescription (♂ MNRJ 9258). Measurements: carapace length = 1.25 mm, carapace width = 1.88 mm, abdominal scutum length = 1.69 mm, abdominal scutum width = 2.40 mm.

Dorsum ( Figs. 2a–c , 3a–b ). Dorsal scutum (DS) outline type zeta. Setiferous tubercles of body bearing spatulate setae. Carapace and mesotergum boundaries well-defined by clear grooves, all covered by thick, densely packed mesotergal tubercular bridges (Mtb). Mesotergum divided into four clearly marked areas. Area I with parallel grooves that gradually become increasingly convex (retroverse) posteriorly towards area V. Carapace long, bearing a large interocular mound connected to it by robust, raised cervical tubercular bridges (CEtb). Interocular mound tower (IMt) marginal, tall, and flat anteriorly, armed with a strong terminal interocular mound spear (IMs) and one similar tower spike (TS1). Tower entirely covered, except on the frontal surface, with strong setiferous tubercles. IMt connected to the frontal margin of the carapace by a pair of stout lacrimal tubercular bridges (Ltb). Lateral border of the DS along its entire length bearing a single, well-marked longitudinal row of setiferous tubercles, transitioning to scattered tubercles on the carapace.A few isolated tubercles present more externally. Frontal margin of the carapace armed with 4 robust spiniform setiferous tubercles, with an additional tubercle on the antero-lateral margin. Carapace and all scutal areas bear a transverse row of a few setiferous tubercles. Carapace and scutal areas I to IV (mesotergum) each armed with a pair of stout paramedian spiniform apophyses. Scutal area V armed with five such spines, arranged in the pattern IiIiI. Free tergites I–III each with a transverse row of strong setiferous tubercles. Anal operculum densely covered with coarse setiferous tubercles.

Venter ( Figs. 2d–e ). Coxae (Cx) I–IV slanted, radiating from the sternum. Cx I smaller than the others, with Cx IV slightly longer than Cx II and III. All coxae densely covered with coarse setiferous tubercles. Genital operculum plectrum-shaped, bearing an anterior rim of 8 elongate setiferous tubercles, otherwise glossy and unarmed. Stigmatic area short, subtriangular, with concave sides, covered similarly to the coxae and separated from free sternite 2 by a deep groove. Tracheal spiracles indistinct. Free sternites 3–6 thin, each bearing a row of small setiferous tubercles. Free sternites 7–8 longer than the others, separated by a deep groove and bearing two rows of setiferous tubercles each.

Chelicera ( Figs. 4a–b ). Basichelicerite elongated, lacking distinct rows of strong teeth, bearing only minor ectal teeth and a large, robust conical apophysis. Bulla attenuated but clearly discernible. Cheliceral hand features two parallel frontal rows of 4 teeth. Digits form an angle with the hand. Dentition weak.

Pedipalpus ( Fig. 4c ). Trochanter with two ventral megaspines. Femur cylindrical, slightly bent in the distal fifth, with a row of 6 evenly spaced ventral megaspines (absent on the bent portion) and one meso-distal megaspine. Patella with 2 mesal and 1 ectal megaspines. Tibia and tarsus each with 3 mesal and 3 ectal megaspines.

Legs ( Fig. 4d ). Coxa and trochanter of legs I–IV with numerous prolateral setiferous tubercles; coxa and trochanter IV additionally with dorsal ones. Trochanter of leg I with two ventral megaspines. All other segments of legs II–IV straight, unarmed. Femur lengths: leg I: 1.8 mm; leg II: 4.8 mm; leg III: 3.2 mm; leg IV: 3.5 mm. Femur I S-shaped, with two rows of megaspines (one dorsal, one ventral). Patella I with single ventro-distal megaspine. Tibia I with a ventral row of five megaspines, pattern iIiIi. Metatarsus I unarmed. Tarsus III and IV with sparse scopula. Tarsal counts: 3(2):4(2):5:5.

Color (in vivo). Body and appendage background color grayish violet (Centroid 215), mottled with lighter patches of grayish pink (Centroid 8) on the carapace near the ozopore, along a median longitudinal scutal stripe, across scutal area II, on the pedipalp as two rings, on femora and tibiae I–IV as basal and subdistal rings, and on metatarsus IV as a subbasal ring.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 5a–c , 6a–g ). Truncus slender, thickened on the distal half. Distal portion features a deep parabolic cleft, forming a pair of valves, each composed of a straight shaft and a bulbous distal section. The setiferous region of the penis is defined as two lateral plates, with macrosetae all moderately long and clustered near the bulb of the valves, arranged in a recognizable AE11 pattern. Macrosetae A1–A3 and B form an irregular proximal row, while C1–C3 form a triangular arrangement just distal to them. Macrosetae D not detected. Macrosetae E1–E2 are extremely reduced, inserted into pits, and form a rectangular configuration ventrally near the base of the bulb. Follis (Martens’ 1987 “Lamellensack”) poorly developed, buried amidst the valves. Stylus greatly elongated, extending beyond the truncus length in situ. No evidence of independent clasps (Martens’ 1987 “Spangen”), which may possibly have fused with the stylus. The capsula externa forms a poorly defined follis that contains a spongy body composed of erectile tissue (Martens’ 1987 “Schwellkörper”). The stylus is simple, without accessory sclerites.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male, in vivo, from Indonesia, Sulawesi, Gorontalo. Photos by AB Kury.

FIGURE 2. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male (MNRJ 9258), from Gorontalo, Sulawesi, body from microCT scan imaging, colorized, to show morphological terminology: (a) dorsal view; (b) sinistrolateral view; (c) latero-frontal view; (d) ventral view; (e) posterior view. Not to scale. Abbreviations: AI = scutal area 1; AIV = scutal area 4; CAtb = caudal tubercular bridges; CEtb = cervical tubercular bridges; FTIII = free tergite 3; IMs = interocular mound spear; IMt = interocular mound: tower; LAtb = lacrimal tubercular bridge; MEtb = mesotergal tubercular bridge; NUtb = nuchal tubercular bridges; OpAn = anal operculum; OpGen = genital operculum; ScapS = scapular spinelet; SCtb = scapular tubercular bridge; StAr = stigmatic area; TS1 = 1st tower spike; ZYtb = zygomatic tubercular bridge.

FIGURE 3. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male (MNRJ 9258), from Gorontalo: (a) habitus, dorsal view; (b) same, dextrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male (MNRJ 9258), from Gorontalo. Mouth parts and leg I: (a) right chelicera, ectal view; (b) same, mesal view; (c) right pedipalpus, mesal view; (d) right leg I, ectal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male (MNRJ 9258), from Gorontalo. Penis, distal part: (a) panoramic, dorsal view; (b) same, sinistrolateral view; (c) same, ventral view. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 6. Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914, male (MNRJ 9258), from Gorontalo. Penis, distal part, with macrosetae colorized: (a) panoramic, dorsal view; (b) same, detail of apex; (c) apex, ventral view; (d) apex, sinistrolateral view; (e) apex, ventro-latero-apical view; (f) detail of prong, latero-apical view; (g) apex, dorso-apical view. Scale bars: (f) = 20 µm; (e, g) = 50 µm; (a, b, c, d) = 100 µm.