Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020

Caleb, John T. D., Bera, Chandan & Acharya, Shelley, 2020, New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini), Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1), pp. 51-66 : 58-61

Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n.

Figs 35–56 , Map 1 .

TYPES. Holotype ♂ ( NZC-ZSI 6939 /18) and paratype ♀ ( NZC-ZSI 6940 /18) from India, Chennai , Tambaram, Madras Christian College (12.9141°N, 80.1233°E), 32 m, a.s.l., 3.09.2016, J. Caleb & J. Daniel.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific name is taken from Tamil word ‘silanthi’ meaning ‘spider’. It is treated as a noun in apposition.

DIAGNOSIS. The males of C. silanthi sp.n. can be distinguished from those of C. viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846) by their body colour pattern with no longitudinal stripes on the carapace and abdomen (present in C. viduus ) (cf. Figs 35, 36 with Figs 57, 59 and fig. 8 in Jastrzębski [1999] and fig. 1 in Caleb [2016]). The palpal conformation of C. silanthi sp.n. closely resembles that of C. viduus as well, but can be distinguished by the thinner embolus, the longer palpal tibia and the claw-shaped RTA (cf. Figs 44, 45 , 52–55 with Figs 61, 62 , 65–69 ). The females can be readily distinguished from those of C. viduus by the internal duct system: viz., the insemination ducts move posteriorly towards each other to the copulatory openings ( Figs 47, 51 ) (ducts move anteriorly and almost sub-parallel in C. viduus , see Figs 64 , 82 ).

DISTRIBUTION. India (Tamil Nadu) ( Map 1 ).

DESCRIPTION. MALE (holotype). Total length: 6.14; carapace: 3.02 long, 2.37 wide; abdomen: 3.12 long, 2.31 wide. Carapace reddish brown, covered with iridescent hairs providing a metallic sheen ( Fig. 35 ); lateral margins of carapace lined by broad patches of white hairs; posterior region black. Clypeal region brownish; eyes surrounded by yellowish orbital setae ( Fig. 38 ). Eye measurements: AME 0.56, ALE 0.33, PME 0.08, PLE 0.25, AER 1.91, PER 1.97, EFL 1.19. Clypeus height 0.16. Chelicerae dark brown, with curved outer margins and excavated inner margins; two promarginal and one retromarginal teeth ( Fig. 37 ). Sternum oval, brownish; labium and maxillae dark brown, with paler outer margins. Leg I robust; femora I-IV black dorsally; patellae and tibiae dark brown; tarsi and metatarsi of all legs brownish ( Figs 35, 36 ). Leg measurements: I 8.12 (2.27, 1.46, 2.03, 1.49, 0.87); II 6.30 (1.92, 1.11, 1.37, 1.18, 0.72); III 6.36 (2.09, 1.17, 1.16, 1.25, 0.69); IV 6.01 (1.99, 0.96, 1.16, 1.28, 0.62). Leg formula: 1324. Leg spination: femora I 0600, II 0700, III 0700, IV 0700; patellae I–IV 1010; tibiae I 3036, II 3034, III 3133, IV 3133; metatarsi I 2024, II 2024, III 3044, IV 4044; tarsi I–IV 0000. Abdomen ovoid, densely covered with rusty brown hairs; anterior margin covered by white scales; pattern present on black background with a pair of white spots anteriorly and pairs of transverse stripes following posteriorly. Mid-dorsum covered with scales of metallic sheen ( Figs 35, 36 ); venter yellowish, with a broad dark brown median region. Spinnerets brownish, covered with a patch of white hairs dorsally ( Fig. 36 ). Palps dark brown; embolus short and thick with blunt tip; bulbus with posterior protrusion; RTA curved, claw-like ( Figs 44, 45, 48, 49 , 52–56 ).

FEMALE (paratype). Total length 4.92, carapace: 2.32 long, 1.83 wide; abdomen: 2.60 long, 1.91 wide. Eye measurements: AME 0.50, ALE 0.27, PME 0.08, PLE 0.22. AER 1.63, PER 1.74, EFL 1.03. Clypeus height 0.14. Leg measurements: I 4.25 (1.36, 0.81, 0.86, 0.70, 0.52); II 3.98 (1.34, 0.79, 0.73, 0.64, 0.48); III 4.32 (1.49, 0.75, 0.76, 0.80, 0.52); IV 4.08 (1.33, 0.63, 0.78, 0.81, 0.53). Leg formula: 3142. Leg spination: femora I 0700; II 0700, III 0700, IV 0700; patellae I–IV 1010; tibiae I 3036, II 3034, III 3133, IV 3133; metatarsi I 2024, II 2024, III 4034, IV 4043. Coloration pattern as in the male ( Figs 39, 40 ), but differs as follows: AMEs surrounded by yellow orbital setae; clypeus covered with white hairs ( Fig. 43 ); carapace with white hairs making an arc behind PLEs. Legs with white border on the distal margin of femur I–IV; other segments covered with sparse white hairs and black annulations alternatively. Epigyne with a pair of simple copulatory openings placed in small oval, yellowish depressions; insemination ducts short and diverge to join the stomach-shaped spermathecae ( Figs 46, 47, 50, 51 ).

LIFE COLOUR. Both sexes look similar in general body colour pattern and are clothed with iridescent hairs. Colour varies from metallic green to bronze-green as shown in Fig. 40 .

Figures

Map 1. Collecting localities of five Indian Carrhotus species. White star represents the type locality of Bianor piratus (= Carrhotus sannio). Карта 1. Точкии находок пЯти индийских видов Carrhotus. БелаЯ ЗвеЗдочка отмечает типовой локалитет Bianor piratus (= Carrhotus sannio).

Figs 35–43. Somatic morphology of Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., holotype male (35–38), paratype female (39–43): 35, 39 — body, dorsal view; 36, 41 — abdomen, dorsal view; 37, 42 — chelicerae, ventral view; 38, 43 — carapace, front view; 40 — habitus, live specimen. Scale bars: (35, 36, 39, 41) 1 mm; (37, 38, 42, 43) 0.5 mm. Рис. 35–43. СоматическаЯ морфологиЯ Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., голотип-самец (35–38), паратип-самка (39–43): 35, 39 — тело, сверху; 36, 41 — брюшко, сверху; 37, 42 — хелицеры, сниЗу; 38, 43 — головогрудь, спереди; 40 — внешний вид Живого ЭкЗемплЯра. Масштаб: (35, 36, 39, 41) 1 мм; (37, 38, 42, 43) 0,5 мм.

Figs 44–51. Copulatory organs of Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., holotype male and paratype female: 44, 48 — left male palp, ventral view; 45, 49 — ditto, retrolateral view; 46, 50 — epigyne, ventral view; 47, 51 — vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: (44, 45, 48, 49) 0.2 mm, (46, 47, 50, 51) 0.1 mm. Рис. 44–51. КопулЯтивные органы Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., голотип-самец и паратип-самка: 44, 48 — леваЯ пальпа самца, сниЗу; 45, 49 — тоЖе, сбоку-сЗади; 46, 50 — Эпигина, сниЗу; 47, 51 — вульва, дорЗально. Масштаб: (44, 45, 48, 49) 0,2 мм, (46, 47, 50, 51) 0,1 мм.

Figs 52–56. Left male palp of Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., holotype: 52 — ventral view; 53 — retrolateral view; 54, 55 — embolus; 56 — RTA, retrolateral view. Scale bars: (55, 56) 0.02 mm, (54) 0.1 mm, (52, 53) 0.2 mm. Рис. 52–56. ЛеваЯ пальпа самца Carrhotus silanthi Caleb sp.n., голотип: 52 — сниЗу; 53 — сЗади-сбоку; 54, 55 — Эмболюс; 56 — отросток голени, сЗади-сбоку. Масштаб: (55, 56) 0,02 мм, (54) 0,1 мм, (52, 53) 0,2 мм.

Figs 57–64. Somatic morphology and copulatory organs of Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846), specimens from Chennai (57, 58) and Andhra Pradesh (59–64): 57, 59 — male habitus, dorsal view; 58, 60 — female habitus, dorsal view; 61 — left male palp, ventral view; 62 — ditto, retrolateral view; 63 — epigyne, ventral view; 64 — vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: (64) 0.1 mm, (61–63) 0.2 mm, (59, 60) 2 mm. Рис. 57–64. СоматическаЯ морфологиЯ и копулЯтивные органы Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846), ЭкЗемплЯры иЗ ХеннаЯ (57, 58) и Андхра Прадеш (59–64): 57, 59 — габитус самца, сверху; 58, 60 — габитус самки, сверху; 61 — леваЯ пальпа самца, сниЗу; 62 — тоЖе, сбоку-сЗади; 63 — Эпигина, сниЗу; 64 — вульва, сверху. Масштаб: (64) 0,1 мм, (61–63) 0,2 мм, (59, 60) 2 мм.

Figs 65–69. Left male palp of Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846): 65 — ventral view; 66 — retrolateral view; 67, 68 — embolus, ventral view; 69 — RTA, retrolateral view. Scale bars: (68, 69) 0.02 mm, (67) 0.1 mm, (65) 0.2, (66) 0.3 mm. Рис. 65–69. ЛеваЯ пальпа самца Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846): 65 — сниЗу; 66 — сбоку-сЗади; 67, 68 — Эмболюс, сниЗу; 69 — тибиальный отросток, сбоку-сЗади. Масштаб: (68, 69) 0,02 мм, (67) 0,1 мм, (65) 0.2, (66) 0,3 мм.

Figs 70–83. Somatic morphology and copulatory organs of Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846): the types of Marpissa decorata Tikader, 1974 (holotype female: 70, 71, 74 and paratype female: 72, 73, 75), the types of Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis Majumder, 2004 (holotype female: 76, 79 and the male palp found in the microvial: 77, 78) and holotype female of Marpissa tikaderi Biswas, 1984 (80– 83): 70, 72, 76, 80 — general appearance, dorsal view; 71, 73, 81 — epigyne, ventral view; 77 — male palp, ventral view; 78 — ditto, retrolateral view; 74, 75, 79, 83 — data labels; 82 — vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: (71, 73, 77, 78, 81, 82) 0.2 mm, (70, 72, 76, 80) 2 mm. Рис. 70–83. СоматическаЯ морфологиЯ и копулЯтивные органы Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846): типы Marpissa decorata Tikader, 1974 (голотип-самка: 70, 71, 74 и паратип-самка: 72, 73, 75), типы Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis Majumder, 2004 (голотип-самка: 76, 79 и пальпа самца, найденнаЯ в микропробирке: 77, 78) и голотип-самка Marpissa tikaderi Biswas, 1984 (80– 83): 70, 72, 76, 80 — общий вид, сверху; 71, 73, 81 — Эпигина, сниЗу; 77 — пальпа самца, сниЗу; 78 — тоЖе, сбоку-сЗади; 74, 75, 79, 83 — Этикетки; 82 — вульва, сверху. Масштаб: (71, 73, 77, 78, 81, 82) 0,2 мм, (70, 72, 76, 80) 2 мм.