Sphyracephala bipunctipennis Senior-White, 1922

Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A. & Feijen, Cobi, 2025, A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala, ZooKeys 1241, pp. 1-81 : 1-81

Sphyracephala bipunctipennis Senior-White, 1922

Figs 107 , 108 , 109 , 110–112 , 142–146 , 147–150 , Tables 2 , 3 , 4

Teleopsis bipunctipennis Senior-White, 1922: 165, pl. 13, fig. 1. Descamps 1957: 19; Steyskal 1972: 11.

Pseudodiopsis bipunctipennis (Senior-White): Shillito 1940: 150. Steyskal 1977: 35.

Sphyracephala bipunctipennis (Senior-White): Feijen 1989: 67. Feijen 1998: 50; Meier and Hilger 2000: 4 (specimens from Thailand, unlikely to be S. bipunctipennis); Baker et al. 2001: 93, fig. 1 (specimens from Malaysia, unlikely to be S. bipunctipennis); Meier and Baker 2002: 334 (specimens from Malaysia, unlikely to be S. bipunctipennis); Feijen and Feijen 2019: 39; Jackson 2019: suppl. fig. 1 (specimens from Malaysia, unlikely to be S. bipunctipennis).

Type series.

Sri Lanka: holotype ♂, Ceylon, Indiganga [on label], on plant growing in the water at edge of the Suduganga river, on leaves of Liliacrans plant [on labels], 10.viii.1919 [~ 7°29'22"N, 80°39'46"E, ~ 380 m] ( NHMUK) . Paratypes: 7 ♀, 4 ♂, same data as holotype ( NHMUK) . Senior-White mentioned in description “ Type, allo-type, and ten co-types ”.

Distribution.

Sri Lanka, India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu),? Bhutan. Specimens from Bhutan still require confirmation.

Illustrations.

Senior-White (1922) gave a schematic drawing of the wing. Meier and Hilger (2000: figs 12–17, 115, 116, 118) presented photographs of the egg, but these are unlikely to represent S. bipunctipennis . Feijen and Feijen (2019) gave photographs of habitus and head. Life photographs are available (e. g., https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/53700018 © Amila P. Sumanapala). Here, photographs (Figs 142 – 150 ) of habitus, head, thorax, wing, fore femur, and abdomen are presented.

Figures

Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).

Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).

Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).

Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.

Figures 142–146. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis 142 Matale, Sri Lanka (photograph © Amila P. Sumanapala) 143 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India, habitus, dorsal view 144 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, habitus, dorsal view 145 ♂, paratype, head, anterior view 146 ♀, paratype, head, anterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm (143, 144); 0.5 mm (145, 146).

Figures 147–150. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis, 147, 149, 150 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, 148 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India 147 wing 148 fore femora, lateral view 149 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 150 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (147); 0.2 mm (148, 150); 0.1 mm (149).