Goniofusus phoenix Simone & Couto, 2024

Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2024, New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 64, pp. 1-104 : 30-34

Family Fasciolariidae Genus Goniofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018

Goniofusus phoenix Simone & Couto , new species ( Figs. 18-20 , 21 A-F) https://zoobank.org/ A18ECE67-6695-4B3B-B562-2173CDEC2FBB

Fusinus sp. : Couto & Simone, 2019: 4, 43-44 (figs. 1G, 32B, 49B, 63A).

Types: Holotype MNRJ 6259 , specimen . Paratype: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro; Macaé, off Paulista beach, 22°59′S 41°13′W, 70 m, MNRJ 6258 , 1 specimen (boat Riobaldo col., 10/v/1974) ; Niterói , off, 23°27′S 42°49′W, 100-120 m, MZSP 123143 , 10 shells (Femorale #38770, o.t., i.2006) .

Type locality: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro ; Macaé, off Paulista beach, 23°02′S 41°17′W, 78 m [boat Riobaldo col., 10/v/1974].

Diagnosis: Shell large (~ 200 mm). Spire elongated, ~30° of angle; axial sculpture in first 5-6 whorls only, remaining only low spiral cords; last whorls rounded. Presence of wide subsutural groove.

Description: Shell about 200 mm. Elongated, ~3.5 times longer than wide; spire~45% of total length, last whorl ~55% of total length. Spire angle ~30°. Spire up to 9 convex whorls; suture well-marked, with angle ~130°. Protoconch not preserved (eroded). Sculpture 6-7 low spiral cords, of rounded profile, interspaces equivalent to their width; in 5-6 first whorls additionally possessing strong, wide axial threads (12 in 5 th whorl), being taller at middle, in which spiral cords forming elongated nodes and stubby beaks; axial threads disappearing in penultimate whorl, remaining only spiral sculpture up to last whorl; additionally, subsutural wide groove present since first whorls, being more developed in 3 last whorls ( Fig. 21A : arrows). Last whorl with ~10 spiral cords similar to those of preceding whorls; same sculpture along siphon, as oblique cords. Some axial undulations in last whorl as scars of old apertures ( Fig. 18D, F ). Aperture elliptic, ~twice longer than wide; weak anal notch corresponded to subsutural groove.Canal relatively cylindric,with 30% of shell length, and ~30% of last whorl width in its base. Outer lip simply arched, weakly sinuous because of spiral sculpture; inner lip weakly concave, callus narrow, thin, not exceeding apertural limit. Umbilicus small, at siphon base.

Operculum: corneous, dark brown. Elliptic, with inferior terminal nucleus, on terminal beak.

Head ~half of head-foot width; cephalic tentacles less than ⅔ of head width. Gill slightly narrower than osphradium. Osphradium slightly asymmetric. Kidney with pipped him in nephrostome. Rhynchostome edge labiate. Odontophore elongated, with typical buccinoidean organization (e.g., Pastorino & Simone, 2021), except for m2a narrow, inserted in posterior end of cartilages; m2a as single, broad medial bundle ( Fig. 20A ); pairs m4 and m5 very narrow; pair m11 y-shaped, with double origins, in m2 level entering into odontophore, and in posterior end of cartilages, by side of m4 origin ( Fig. 20A ). Odontophore cartilages narrow, ~30 times longer than wide, ~ ⅓ fused with each other in anterior region.

Radula ( Fig. 19 ) rachidian ~5% of radular width; ~1.5 times longer than wide; base trapezoid, posterior edge ~1.5 times wider than anterior edge; 3 cusps projecting over posterior edge, longitudinally elongated, appearing gradually in middle tooth level, median cusp usually slightly larger than remaining cusps. Lateral teeth symmetric, slightly arched (concavity posterior, smooth) ( Fig. 19A ); cutting (anterior) edge with 14 elongated, slender cusps; each cusp slightly longer than base, tapering gradually up to sharp pointed tip; length of cusps relatively uniform, except for those of both ends, being successively smaller towards ends ( Fig. 19C ). Radula in region in formation already with developed cusps ( Fig. 19B ).

Mid esophagus with well-developed valve of Leiblein ( Fig. 20B : vl). Pair of salivary gland ducts (sd) running attached to esophageal wall short distance anterior to valve. Gland of Leiblein (gl) totally glandular, of medium size. Nerve ring ( Fig. 20C ) with pedal ganglia (pd) less than half of its length. Pair of buccal ganglia (bg) ~ ⅕ of pedal ganglia′s size, located attached to nerve ring, with long commissure. Pair of cerebral (ce) and pleural (pl) ganglia forming single arched mass of equivalent size of pedal ganglia, located very close to them, connectives not visible.

Etymology: The specific epithet is based on the legendary bird phoenix, the bird that rises from its own ashes, an allusion of the survival of both samples from the terrible fire at the National Museum (September 2, 2018).

(C) detail of central region,scale:= 20 µm.

Distribution: Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro coasts. Remarks: This species is described in partnership with Diogo Ribeiro Couto. We studied together some Fascio-

Habitat: Collected by otter trawl, 20- 120 m. lariidae, and published phylogenetic papers both, with morphological base ( Couto & Simone, 2019), and using

Measurements(L,Winmm): Holotype ( Figs.18 A-D,19A): molecular approaches ( Couto et al., 2016). In the for-

203.0 by 57.5. Paratype: MNRJ 6258 ( Fig. 18 E-H): 183.5 mer paper, among the several analyzed taxa, there is a by 48.9; MZSP 123143; #1: 183.7 by 56.9; #2 ( Fig. 21 C-D): " Fusinus sp. ", a figured unknown species. As that species

185.0 by 61.2; #3: 161.9 by 49.4. still remains undescribed, that gap is here fulfilled. Additional discussion below.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo;

ConceiÇão da Barra, off, 18°41′S 38°31′W, 40-60 m, MZSP

1142, 1 shell (Femorale #50749, vii.2008). Rio de Janei- Goniofusus damasoi Petuch & Berschauer, 2016

ro; Cabo Frio , off, 23°16′31″S 41°13′34″W, 100-120 m, new combination

MZSP 72863, 2 shells (Femorale #952, v.2005), 22°45′30″S ( Fig. 21 G-L)

42°01′01″W, 60-80 m (Femorale #164478, o.t., viii.2015),

23°00′S 41°28′W, 80 m, MZSP 100304, 1 shell (Mar a Mar Fusinus marmoratus : Rios, 1985: 108 (pl. 37, fig. 477),

#665). Niterói, off, 30-40 m, 23°04′12″S 43°06′140″W, 1975: 105 (pl. 30, fig. 446) (non Philippi, 1846).

MZSP 124298, 2 shells (Femorale #67500, o.t., viii.2009), Fusinus damasoi Petuch & Berschauer, 2016: 262-263

MZSP 130185, 2 shells (Femorale #91852, o.t., viii.2011), (fig. 3A-D); MolluscaBase, 2023.

MZSP 72262, 3 shells (Femorale #953, o.t., ix.2004),

23°27′S 42°49′W, 100-120 m, MZSP 70494, 1 spm (Femo- Type: Holotype MZSP 131311 ( Fig. 21 G-I).

rale #38770, o.t., i.2006), MZSP 66885, 2 shells (Femorale

# 38769, o.t., i.2006). Plus 4 lots (2 spm, 5 shells) not listed Type locality: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro ; off Arraial do herein. Cabo, 45 m [22°58′S 42°02′W].

Diagnosis: Shell ~ 75 mm. Spire wide, ~45° of angle; axial sculpture reaching last whorl, sometimes aperture; last whorl weakly shouldered. Canal short, shorter than 20% of total length.

Description: Proper description in Petuch & Berchauer (2016: 262). Complement: spire angle ~45°. Canal from 15% ( Fig. 21 G-I) to 20% ( Fig. 21J, K ) of total shell length.

Distribution: Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo coasts.

Habitat: 20-140 m, sand and sandy-mud, sometimes inside submerged caves.

Measurements: G. damasoi holotype ( Fig. 21 G-I): 67.6 by 28.4; MZSP 130372 ( Fig. 21 J-K): 76.4 by 30.6; USNM 364099 ( Fig. 21L ): 76.0 by 32.0.

Material examined: Holotype. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro; Arraial do Cabo (P. GonÇalves col.), off, 40-45 m, ~ 22°58′S 42°02′W, MZSP 71604 , 26 shells (Femorale #43262, ix.2006), MZSP19931 , 7 shells(Femorale #149771, v.2005), MZSP 73352 , 11 shells (Femorale #26346, ix.2002); MZSP 130379 , 15 spm (Femorale #75974, i.2010); Cabo Frio, off, 23°16′31″S 41°13′34″W, 100-120 m (fishermen col.), MZSP 130364 , 3 spm (Femorale #51189, viii.2007), MZSP 130368 , 3 spm (Femorale #4007, vii.2007); Niterói, off, 26°06′S 42°58′W, 130-140 m, MZSP 130371 , 5 spm (Femorale #4608, xi.2007). São Paulo; Ilhabela, off BÚzios Island, 23°47′45″S 45°06′22″W, 20 m, MZSP 130372 , 10 spm (Femorale #18655, ii.2007).

Remarks: See below.

Figures

Figure 18. Goniofusus phoenix shells of types:(A-D) Holotype MNRJ 6259 (L 203.0 mm). (A) frontal view; (B) right view;(C) dorsal view; (D) right-slightly ventral view;(E-H) Paratype MNRJ6258 (L 183.5 mm),(E)frontal view;(F)right view;(G) dorsal view; (H) detail of apical region,scale:= 5 mm.

Figure 19.Goniofususphoenix radulainSEM,HolotypeMNRJ6259:(A)wideview,scale:=100µm;(B)detailofposterior region,teethinformation,scale:=100µm;

Figure 20. Goniofusus phoenix anatomical drawings: (A) odontophore, ventral view, first layer of muscles and membranes removed, some muscles expanded, scale:= 1 mm; (B) mid-esophagus region,lateral view,salivary glandsdeflected,scale:= 5 mm;(C) central nervous system,dorsal view,scale:= 1 mm.

Figure 21. Shells of Goniofusus phoenix and G. damasoi: (A-F) G. phoenix; (A) Holotype MNRJ 6259, shell image in tomography (L 203.0 mm), arrows indicating subsutural groove;(B-F) paratypes MZSP123143 from off Niterói,Rio de Janeiro;(B-C) #1, frontal and dorsal views (L 183.7 mm);(D-E) #2,frontal and dorsal views (L 185.0 mm);(F) #3, frontal view (L 161.9 mm); (G-L) G. damasoi; (G-I) Holotype MZSP 131311, frontal, right and dorsal views (L 67.6 mm); (J-K) specimen MZSP 130372,from São Paulo,frontal and dorsal views (L 76.4 mm);(L) shell USNM 364099 from Paquetá,Rio de Janeiro(L 76mm).