Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. aestivalis

Kubentayev, Serik, Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Alibekov, Daniyar, Son, Dong Chan, Tsegmed, Zagarjav, Myrzagaliyeva, Anar, Zhumagul, Moldir, Rustemova, Assel, Mukhtubayeva, Saule, Kubentayeva, Balsulu & Choi, Hyeok Jae, 2025, A taxonomic revision of Adonis (Ranunculaceae) in Kazakhstan, Italian Botanist 20, pp. 45-76 : 45-76

Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. aestivalis Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 771 (1762).

Type.

[ Adonis ] “ 1. aestivalis ”, Linnaeus 714.1 ( lectotype LINN). [designated by Shlangena 1975].

General distribution.

Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, East European Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Krym, Morocco, Nepal, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, West Himalaya, Xinjiang, Yugoslavia ( POWO 2025).

Distribution in Kazakhstan.

Aral region, Betpak-Dala, Balkhash-Alakol, Dzungarian Alatau, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Chu-Ili range, Kyrgyz Alatau, Karatau, Western Tian Shan.

Habitat and ecology.

This species grows on weeds in crops and livestock resting areas.

Conservation status.

The conservation status of this species is not assessed because it is a non-native species in Central Asia.

Phenology.

Flowering in April – June; fruiting in May – July.

Chromosome number.

2 n = 32 ( Shlangena 1976; Rice et al. 2015).

Notes.

According to Wang (1994 a) A. aestivalis subsp. aestivalis is classified under the subg. Adonis sect. Lophocarpa W. T. Wang ser. Aestivales W. T. Wang. Shlangena (1975) reported that this species exhibits variability within a single population: specimens with weak pubescence (long sparse hairs) on the lower part of the stem and at the base of the leaf petiole can be found, and the fruits may be either wrinkled or nearly smooth. The length of the beak also varies significantly (from 1–2.5 mm) .. Previously, A. bienertii Butkov ex Riedl ( Riedl 1963; Schlangena 1975) was cited as an independent species in the flora of Central Asia and the Caucasus, but analysis of its diagnostic characters (branching of the basal part of shoots, tuberculate-rough surface of fruits, thin (almost transparent) upper prong, pubescent sepals, shortened, weakly dissected leaf lamina) shows that they are located within the variability of A. aestivalis ( Luferov 1999) . A. aestivalis originated from the Mediterranean Basin and western Asia ( Meyer et al. 2015). According to Meusel (1943), it is present in Middle Asia, reaching the shores of the Black Irtysh. However, Butkov (1953) believed that it is not present in this region, where A. aestivalis subsp. parviflora is widespread ( Poschkurlat 2000). Subsequently, Gamayunova (1961) confirms the presence of A. aestivalis (= A. aestivalis subsp. aestivalis ) in the flora of Kazakhstan. According to this work A. aestivalis was found in the Aral region, Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau, Chu-Ili range ( Gamayunova 1961). According to our research, based on the study of morphological features in the territory of Kazakhstan grow two subspecies.

Specimens examined.

Aral region: Island Barsakelmes , 6 May 1946, Platonov s. n. ( AA!) ; same location, 1935, Nazarov s. n. ( AA!) ; Kulandy Peninsula, Akmechet , 8 May 1957, Maleev 609 ( LE!) . Betpak-Dala: Betpak-Dala Desert , dry watercourse, 17 May 2010, Kupriyanov and Mihajlov s. n. ( KUZ!) . Balkhash-Alakol: Iliysk Station [Konaev] , 9 May 1934, Gel’d s. n. ( AA!) . Dzungarian Alatau: Keytyn Tract , 13 June 1937, Rubtzov s. n. ( AA!) ; near May-Tjube [May-Tobe] Station , 14 May 1937, Kubanskaya s. n. ( AA!) ; hill 1107 m near the highway close to Krasnogorovka [Karymsak] , 25 May 1959, Goloskokov s. n. ( AA!) . Trans-Ili Kungey Alatau: Right bank of the Almatinka River , 28 May 1928, Lipschitz 473 ( LE!) ; near Talgar , 11 May 1994, Danilov s. n. ( AA!) ; Talgar River , 25 May 1925, Popov s. n. ( AA!) ; 10 km north of Chemolgan [Zhibek Zholy] , 11 May 2003, Korolyuk and Hrustaleva s. n. ( KUZ!) ; Poganka [Kerenkulak] River Gorge , 1 June 1936, Shishkin s. n. ( AA!) ; near the Kastek River Gorge, near Djildy-Say , 24 May 1936, Linczevsky s. n. ( AA!) ; Kastek Gorge , 25 May 1936, Dmitrieva s. n. ( AA!) ; 11 km east of Almaty, 22 May 1950, Polyakov s. n. ( AA!) ; Burundai Tract , 25 May 1931, Muhlya s. n. ( AA!) ; Syugaty City , 14 June 1937, Gorbunova s. n. ( AA!) ; Syugaty Mountains , 10 June 1963, Goloskokov s. n. ( AA!) ; Almaty, Botanical Garden , 25 May 1933, Gel’d s. n. ( AA!) ; Almaty, 17 May 1936, Shishkin s. n. ( AA!) ; near Verny [Almaty] , 30 April 1889, Killoman s. n. ( LE!) ; near Verny [Almaty], steppe between the Kaskelen and Aksay Rivers , 7 May 1902, Sapozhnikov s. n. ( LE!) ; hills south of Almaty , 18 May 1928, Lipschitz 24 ( LE!; MW 0831928 !) ; near [ Almaty], 6 June 1911, Skorobogat’ko 77 ( LE!) ; near the mountains of Verny [ Almaty], 15 June 1911, Skorobogat’ko 78 ( LE!) ; near Issyk [Esik] , 6 July 1968, Baitenov s. n. ( NUR!) ; before Uzunagach [Uzynagash] along the Almaty-Bishkek highway , 18 May 2018, Bilibayeva and Zhumadilova 2957 ( NUR!) . Chu-Ili Range: Upper reaches of the Kopaly River , 9 May 2003, Korolyuk and Hrustaleva s. n. ( KUZ!) . Kyrgyz Alatau: Near Taraz , 11 April 2022, Nurhanov ; 20 km east of Merke settlement , 5 May 1958, Gubanov 503 ( LE!) ; ephemeral desert between Lugovoy and Dzhambul [Taraz] , 15 May 1963, Goloskokov s. n. ( LE!) . Karatau: Intermountain valley in the upper reaches of Chimbulak , 22 June 1931, Kornilova s. n. ( AA!) ; near Araltobe , 26 May 1963, Goloskokov s. n. ( AA!; LE!) ; near Minzhilke [Mynzhylky] , 8 May 1939, Pavlov s. n. ( AA!) ; east of Lake Biylikul’ [Bilikol] , 27 May 1930, Volkova s. n. ( AA!) ; slope of Mount Kara-Murun , 21 April 1973, ( NUR!) ; Ikan-Su River Gorge , 27 April 2003, Kupriyanov s. n. ( KUZ!) ; near Terekty village , Borolday Mountains, 23 April 2015, Kupriyanov s. n. ( KUZ!) ; Borolday Gorge , 16 May 2014, Kupriyanov s. n. ( KUZ!) . Western Tian Shan: Near Tyulkubas, Zhanzakovo [Zhanuzakov] village , 26 April 2018, Epiktetov (personal observation) ; near Kazygurt, Kakpak village , 22 May 1922, Korovin s. n. ; Aksu-Zhabagly, near Aksu Canyon , 30 May 1942, Karmysheva s. n. ( AA!) .