Annulohypoxylon crowfoothodgkiniae Y. P. Tan, Bishop-Hurley, Bransgr. & R. G. Shivas

Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Manowong, Areerat, Bhagya, Amuhenage T., Win, Hsan, Tun, Zaw L., Mapook, Ausana & Hyde, Kevin D., 2025, Taxonomy, phylogeny, and bioactive potential of Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Thailand: novel species discovery, new host and geographical records, and antibacterial properties, MycoKeys 120, pp. 35-117 : 35-117

Annulohypoxylon crowfoothodgkiniae Y. P. Tan, Bishop-Hurley, Bransgr. & R. G. Shivas , Index of Australian Fungi 1: 1 (2022)

Fig. 6

Description.

Saprobic on dead wood of Swietenia macrophylla . Sexual morph: Ascostromata 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.6 mm (x ̄ = 0.6 × 0.5 mm, n = 10), semi-immersed to superficial, with the base immersed, pulvinate to hemispherical, clustered, shiny, surface black, carbonaceous. Ascomata immersed in the stroma, subglobose to hemispherical, black, ostiolate, papillate. Hamathecium 3–7 μm wide, comprising long, hyaline, unbranched, aseptate paraphyses. Asci 55–65 × 4–6 μm (x ̄ = 60 × 4.5 μm, n = 20), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, with an apical ring not bluing in the Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 5–6 × 2–3 μm (x ̄ = 5.4 × 2.8 μm, n = 30), uniseriate, one-celled, ellipsoidal inequilaterally, with narrowly rounded ends, hyaline when immature, becoming brown at maturity. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Culture characters.

Ascospores germinated on the PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C. Germ tubes are produced from one side of the ascospore. Colonies on the PDA reaching 2.0– 2.5 cm diam. after five days at 25 ° C, circular in shape, white at first, cottony, slightly thinning towards the edge, white color in the front view, and light brown in the reverse view.

Material examined.

Thailand • Nang Lae Village , Chiang Rai, on decaying wood of Swietenia macrophylla ( Meliaceae ), 21 May 2024, Zaw Lin Tun, AZ 2 ( MFLU 24-0523 ); living culture MFLUCC 25-0023 .

Known distribution and hosts.

Australia ( Pandanus tectorius ) ( Tan and Shivas 2022 a); Thailand ( Swietenia macrophylla ) (this study).

Notes.

In the multi-gene phylogeny (ITS, LSU, β-tub, and rpb 2), our strain ( MFLUCC 25-0023 ) and the ex-type strain of A. crowfoothodgkiniae ( BRIP 72527 h) clustered with 91 % ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 3 ). When comparing the base pair differences between our strain ( MFLUCC 25-0023 ) and the ex-type strain of A. crowfoothodgkiniae ( BRIP 72527 h), the ITS shows a 0.3 % (3 / 894) difference, and there are no differences in LSU. The morphology of the holotype is not recorded. Therefore, we could not compare the morphology between the holotype and our strain. In here, we provide complete morphology with an illustration for A. crowfoothodgkiniae . Based on molecular evidence, we introduce our collection as a new host record of A. crowfoothodgkiniae from Swietenia macrophylla and also as a new geographical record from Thailand.

Figures

Figure 3. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on the combined dataset of ITS, LSU, β-tub, and rpb 2. The tree is rooted to Biscogniauxia petrensis (HKAS 102388). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Strains isolated in this study are represented in blue, and type strains are in bold.

Figure 6. Annulohypoxylon crowfoothodgkiniae on decaying wood of Swietenia macrophylla (MFLU 24-0522, a new host and geographical record). a. Substrate; b, c. Stromata on the host; d. Cross section of the stroma; e. Paraphyses; f – j. Asci; k. Ascus apical apparatus (not stained in Melzer’s reagent); l – q. Ascospores; r, s. Colony on PDA (r upper, s lower). Scale bars: 5 mm (b); 1 mm (c); 200 μm (d); 20 μm (e – k); 5 μm (l – q).