Hainanphasma longidentata, Liu & Gu & Wang, 2025

Liu, Yi-Fan, Gu, Jun-Jie & Wang, Hai-Jian, 2025, Genus Hainanphasma Ho, 2013: taxonomic notes and two new species from Hainan in China (Phasmida, Heteropterygidae), ZooKeys 1232, pp. 357-378 : 357-378

Hainanphasma longidentata sp. nov.

Figs 5 , 6

Type material.

Holotype. China • ♀; Hainan Province, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve ; 19 Aug. 2023; Yifan Liu leg.; SICAHN 23011 . Paratype. China • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; SICAHN 23012 (all deposited in SICAU).

Diagnosis.

In female, scapus with two blunt spines and pedicellus with a blunt spine on outer lateral margin (Fig. 5 C ); crest of head distinctly raised and elongated, with posterior margin truncate in lateral view (Fig. 5 E ); eighth abdominal tergum rectangular, slightly longer than wide (Fig. 5 A ); posteromedian crest on ninth abdominal tergum distinctly surpassing posterior margin of anal segment, with lateral margins with three to four small lamellate teeth, notched apically (Fig. 5 A, I ).

In male, supra-antennals, supra-occipitals and pro-coronals present as blunt spines; anterior coronals consisting of a subtriangular lamella and a small blunt spine; central coronal slender and subcylindrical (Fig. 6 I ); abdominal terga with median longitudinal carina (Fig. 6 A ); ninth abdominal tergum with a posteromedian ridge-like structure elongated (Fig. 6 G ); poculum with posterior rim deeply notched posteromedially.

Description.

Female (Fig. 5 ).

Head. Supra-antennals elongated and blunt, slightly flattened laterally and pointed outwards, about equal in length to pro-coronals, followed by two smaller supra-occipitals present as blunt spines. Supra-orbitals absent. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and raised. Pro-coronals present as blunt spines. Anterior and central coronals almost continuous, merged into two carinae, strongly compressed laterally and lamellate, V-shaped in dorsal view. Posterior and lateral coronals present as small granules. Eyes dark brown, rounded. Postocular carina distinct, reaching posterior margin of head, with a conical tubercle apically. Antennae brown, darker in some segments, shorter than forelegs. Scapus strongly flattened dorsally, longer than pedicellus, with a central and subapical blunt spine on outer lateral margin; pedicellus slightly flattened dorsoventrally, shorter than third segment, with a central blunt spine on outer lateral margin; third segment cylindrical, slightly shorter than scapus.

Thorax. Pronotum trapezoidal, slightly widening towards the posterior, shorter than head; anterior margin slightly concave and posterior margin nearly truncate; anterolateral angles granulose. Transverse sulcus distinct and incurved, not reaching lateral margins. Prozona with two pairs of granules along distinct longitudinal sulcus. Metazona with three pairs of granules on two indistinct longitudinal carinae, along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesonotum subtrapezoidal, widening towards the posterior; median longitudinal carina indistinct, bifurcated and thickened posteriorly; anterior margin thickened and broadly concave; lateral margins with a small granule near anterior margin. Mesopleura with three or four small granules, widened above coxae; widened portion separated by an indistinct short transverse sulcus; anterior portion subtriangular, with two small granules medially on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with two small elevations anteriorly on outer lateral margin. Metanotum rectangular in outline, about 3 times as long as median segment; median longitudinal carina distinct, bifurcated posteriorly. Metapleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by a short oblique sulcus; anterior portion with two granules medially on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with a granule medially on outer lateral margin. Mesosternum and metasternum with dispersed conical black elevations.

Abdomen. Median segment to fourth terga with an x-shaped carina medially. Median segment transverse, with anterior and posterior margins nearly truncate. Second tergum parallel-sided, longer than median segment. Third to fourth terga gradually increased in width. Fourth tergum with median longitudinal carina distinct, bifurcated and lamellate posteriorly. Fifth tergum obliquely ascending, with two distinct trapezoidal tubercles posteromedially; tubercles projecting over posterior margin, covered with granules of irregular sizes; median longitudinal carina distinct, bifurcated posteriorly, with curled lamellae. Fifth to eighth terga gradually decreased in width. Eighth tergum rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with lateral margins slightly concave. Ninth tergum equal in width to anal segment, with a distinct posteromedial crest; crest elongated posteriorly, notched apically, distinctly surpassing posterior margin of anal segment; lateral margins with three or four teeth of irregular sizes. Anal segment obliquely descending and dorsally flattened, slightly narrower than ninth tergum, with two granules on oblique longitudinal carinae; dorsal surface covered with dense granules; posterolateral angles elevated and extended; posterior margin with two small granules medially. Subgenital plate boat-shaped, with distinct median carina and dense granules of irregular sizes; posterior rim dorsoventrally flattened and rounded apically, not reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci flattened, hidden inside the anal segment, with apex rounded.

Legs. Profemora slightly curved basally; antero-dorsal carina distinct and undulate; postero-dorsal carina indistinct, with four indistinct elevations; ventral carinae indistinct except for medio-ventral carina, with indistinct elevations. Antero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora with four small teeth, almost equal in size. Postero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora with three distinct fin-like lamellae, increasing in size towards the apex. Antero-ventral and postero-ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with four to five teeth, two ones larger subapically. Tibiae with carinae, shorter than corresponding femora; ventral carinae unarmed. Protibiae with distinct dorsal carinae with three lamellate elevations. Meso- and metatibiae with indistinct carinae; antero-dorsal carina with a small elevation; postero-dorsal carina with a fin-like lamella medially.

Male (Fig. 6 ).

Head. Supra-antennals distinct, slightly flattened laterally, blunt and slightly pointed outwards. Supra-occipitals smaller than supra-antennals, present as conical blunt spines. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and distinctly raised. Pro-coronals present as blunt spines, about equal in length to supra-antennals. Anterior coronals consisting of two portions; the upper portion subtriangular and lamellate; the lower portion present as blunt spines, pointed forwards. Central coronal subcylindrical and slender, with apex rounded. Posterior and lateral coronals present as small granules. Eyes yellowish brown, rounded. Postocular carina distinct, with a small conical tubercle apically. Antennae grayish brown to dark brown, darker in some segments, shorter than forelegs. Scapus flattened dorsally, longer than pedicellus, with a central and a subapical blunt spine on outer lateral margin, the latter larger; pedicellus subcylindrical, shorter than third segment; third segment cylindrical, shorter than scapus.

Thorax. Pronotum slightly widening towards the posterior, longer than head; anterior margin concave and posterior margin convex. Transverse sulcus distinct and incurved, not reaching lateral margins. Prozona distinctly elevated centrally, with two pairs of granules alone indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Metazona with two pairs of elevations and a pair of granules on two longitudinal carinae, along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesonotum with indistinct median longitudinal carina, bifurcated and thickened posteriorly; anterior margin thickened and broadly concave, with three indistinct elevations; lateral margins with a row of small pits; anterolateral angles with a small granule. Mesopleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by an indistinct transverse sulcus, with outer lateral margin undulate. Metanotum rectangular, about 2.8 times as long as median segment, with posterior margin with two elevations; median longitudinal carina distinct. Metapleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by a short oblique sulcus; anterior portion with outer lateral margin notched medially; posterior portion subtriangular, with a small triangular lamella medially on outer lateral margin.

Abdomen. Abdominal terga rough, slightly varying in length, with median longitudinal carina. Median segment with anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin truncate. Second to third terga gradually decreasing in width, with a pair of elevations posteromedially. Second tergum rectangle, longer than wide, about 1.5 times as long as median segment. Fourth to sixth terga equal in width, with lateral margins broadly concave. Fourth and fifth terga raised posteromedially and with a pair of humps, posterior one larger. Sixth to eighth terga with a pair of granules posteromedially. Seventh tergum narrowest of abdominal terga. Eighth tergum widening towards the posterior. Ninth tergum with a ridge-like and elongated structure posteromedially. Anal segment transverse, shortest among three terminal terga, notched posteromedially; posterolateral angles rounded. Poculum more or less triangular in lateral view, with numerous granules of irregular sizes; posterior rim dorsoventrally flattened and deeply notched posteromedially; posterolateral angles rounded. Cerci small and flattened, not reaching posterior margin of the anal segment, with apex rounded.

Legs. Profemora slightly curved basally; antero-dorsal carina distinct and undulate; postero-ventral carina with four indistinct elevations. Postero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora with three fin-like teeth, increasing in size towards the apex. Antero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora indistinct and unarmed. Antero-ventral and postero-ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with two small teeth subapically, and with two indistinct elevations medially and basally. Tibiae with indistinct carinae except for protibiae, shorter than corresponding femora. Protibiae with distinct dorsal carinae with indistinct elevations. Meso- and metatibiae with carinae indistinct and unarmed.

Measurements (mm).

Body length: ♀ 56.60, ♂ 43.39; length of head: ♀ 5.22, ♂ 3.11; length of pronotum: ♀ 4.10, ♂ 2.85; length of mesonotum: ♀ 12.89, ♂ 9.08; length of metanotum: ♀ 6.55, ♂ 5.15; length of median segment: ♀ 2.13, ♂ 1.84; length of profemora: ♀ 9.98, ♂ 8.71; length of mesofemora: ♀ 8.09, ♂ 7.44; length of metafemora: ♀ 10.64, ♂ 9.62; length of protibiae: ♀ 8.32, ♂ 8.21; length of mesotibiae: ♀ 6.94, ♂ 6.75; length of metatibiae: ♀ 10.27, ♂ 7.96.

Etymology.

The name is derived from the Latin words longi (long) and dentata (toothed) and refers to the elongated posteromedian crest with dentate margins on the ninth abdominal tergum in female.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality.

Figures

Figure 5. Female (HT) of Hainanphasma longidentata sp. nov. A dorsal view of habitus B lateral view of habitus C dorsal view of head and thorax D ventral view of head and thorax E lateral view of head and thorax F lateral view of fourth to fifth abdominal terga G dorsal view of fourth to fifth abdominal terga H ventral view of terminalia I lateral view of terminalia. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B).

Figure 6. Male (paratype) of Hainanphasma longidentata sp. nov. A dorsal view of habitus B lateral view of habitus C dorsal view of head and thorax D ventral view of head and thorax E dorsal view of terminalia F dorsal view of fourth to fifth abdominal terga G lateral view of terminalia H lateral view of fourth to fifth abdominal terga I lateral view of head and thorax. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B).