Cangazomus xikrin, Pinto-da-Rocha & Andrade & Moreno-González, 2016

Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo, Andrade, Renata & Moreno-González, Jairo A., 2016, Two new cave-dwelling genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions from Brazil (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), Zoologia (e 20150195) 33 (2), pp. 1-9 : 6-8

Cangazomus xikrin sp. nov.

Figs. 4-6 , 9-11 , 18-20 , 26

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Diagnosis. Total length 2.85-3.20 mm (flagellum not included). Without eyesposts. Male abdomen not elongated, without posterodorsal abdominal process on segment XII. Male flagellum rhomboidal 1.8 times longer than wide, and 4 times longer than pedicel length ( Figs. 4-6 ). Spermathecae with two pairs of ramified lobes, each composed of a differentiated stalk and distoterminal ramified bulbs, lateral lobes composed by at least four ramifications and medial ones with at least two ramifications ( Fig. 20 ); chitinized arch without AB, PB incomplete, IA rounded and LT sharp without an anterior notch ( Fig. 20 ).

Description. Male holotype. Coloration (in ethanol); general dorsal coloration pattern light brownish-orange (Fig. 26); pedipalps, chelicerae, and propeltidium slightly darker. Legs and venter much paler than dorsum. Prosoma. Propeltidium long (1.17 mm), anterior process with only one seta followed by three pairs of dorso-submedian setae. Eyespot absent. Anterior sternum with 14 setae (12+2); posterior sternum with six setae. Metapeltidium entire. Pedipalp ( Fig. 18 ). Trochanter with mesal spur, with a short frontal process; femur, patella and tibia without spurs. Femur, ectal surface with four setae near the ventral margin (Fe1, Fe2, Fv1 and Fv2).

Chelicerae ( Fig. 15 ). Fixed finger ( Fig. 15 : bottom) with two smaller teeth between two large outer teeth. Movable finger ( Fig. 15 : top): serrula composed of 9 hyaline teeth; guard tooth present, lamella present, accessory tooth absent. Setae: G1 = 3 setae, G2 = 3, G3 = 3, G4 = 2, G5 = 7, G6 = 1; setae G1 with spicules on their base. Opisthosoma. Tergite I with two pairs and tergite II with three pairs of anterior microsetae. Tergites I-VII each with one pair of dorso-submedian setae; VIII-IX each with one pair of dorso-submedian setae and one pair of distolateral setae; X-XI narrow, each with one pair of lateral setae and five ventral setae; XII with one pair of dorso-submedian setae, two pairs of lateral setae and four pairs of ventral setae. Segments X-XII not elongated. Posterodorsal abdominal process of segment XII absent. Legs: Anterior dorsal margin of femur IV produced at about 90 degrees angle, 2.1 times as long as high. Flagellum ( Figs. 4-6 ). Dorsoventrally flattened, bulb sub-rhomboidal, 1.7 times longer than wide, with short pedicel (1/5 total length). Setation: Vm 1 at same level of Dm 1 and Vm 2; pair Dl 1 (microsetae) proximal to Vm 1; pair Vm 4 at same level of Dl 2 level; pair Dm 3 (microsetae) at same level of Dl 2; Dl 3 positioned slightly distal to Vl 2; Vm 5 proximal to Dm 4 level, closer to Vl 1 than to Vl 2; Vl 2 proximal to Dl 3 level, and distal to Dm 4 level. With distolateral microsetae patches composed of three microsetae from the same level of Vm 5 to slightly anterior to Vl 2. With one pair of separated oval shaped and deep dorso-submedian depressions at same level of Dl 2 (microsetae), located at approximately half of the flagellum length, without any dorsal swelling. With several glandular openings (GOP) (see Fig. 11 ) appearing as many grooves radiating from a central pore (see SANTOS & PINTO-DA-ROCHA 2009) on lateral and dorso-median to subapical region; without pores on central ventral region.

Measurements – (male holotype). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.37; femur 0.32; patella 0.52; tibia 0.37; tarsus 0.20; total 1.80. Leg I: trochanter 0.25; femur 0.97; patella 1.12; tibia 0.80; basitarsus 0.27; telotarsus 0.45; total 3.87. Leg II: 0.15; 0.47; 0.65; 0.45; 0.35; 0.32; 2.40. Leg III: 0.25; 0.60; 0.32; 0.40; 0.37; 0.35; 2.30. Leg IV: 0.25; 0.87; 0.42; 0.62; 0.57; 0.25; 3.10. Total length: 2.12. Propeltidium: 1.17 long. Prosoma: 1.27 long. Opisthosoma: 1.57 long (flagellum excluded). Flagellum 0.32 long/0.17 wide.

Variation (male paratypes). Propeltidium 0.81-0.94 long; femur I 0.75-0.93; patella I 0.91-1.13 long; femur IV 0.83-0.91, 2.2-2.4 longer than wide. Paratypes with one or two setae on anterior process; two small dorso-submedian depressions slightly deeper than holotype in some specimens.

Female paratype (MZSP-65734): Coloration (in ethanol) and setation as in male except for: pedipalp trochanter rounded, without frontal process, not projected anteriorly. Flagellum (Figs. 9-10) four-segmented. Segment II with Dm 1, Vm 1, and Vm 2, all at the same level. Segment III with Dm 3 (microsetae) proximal to Vm 4. Segment IV with Vl 1 at same level of Vm 5 and Dl 1; Dm 4 between Dl 1 and Dl 3; Vl 2 proximal to Dl 3 and distal to Dm 4; Dl 4 (microsetae) proximal to Dl 3 and slightly distal to above Vl 2, between the level of Dm 4 and Dl 3. Apex of the flagellum with several glandular openings appearing as many grooves radiating from a central pore. Spermathecae ( Fig. 20 ) consist of two pairs of lobes, with their apex anteriorly directed and a distinguishable stalk; median lobes shorter than lateral ones, with one pair of terminal bulbs (bifurcation); lateral lobes with at least four to five bulbs; chitinized arch without AB, PB incomplete, IA rounded and LT sharp and short, without an anterior notch ( Fig. 20 ).

Measurements (MZSP-65734). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.31; femur 0.38; patella 0.35; tibia 0.30; tarsus 0.19; total 1.54. Leg I: trochanter 0.25; femur 0.84; patella 0.98; tibia 0.69; basitarsus 0.25; telotarsus 0.40; total 3.40. Leg II: 0.13; 0.59; 0.34; 0.36; 0.31-0.33; 0.31; 2.00. Leg III: 0.13; 0.50; 0.24; 0.25; 0.31; 0.31; 1.70. Leg IV: 0.23; 0.85; 0.38; 0.56; 0.50; 0.38; 2.90. Total length: 3.20. Propeltidium: 0.94 long. Prosoma: 1.20 long. Opisthosoma: 1.70 long (flagellum excluded). Flagellum 0.24 long.

Variation (female paratypes). Propeltidium 0.88-0.95 long; femur I 0.81-0.84; patella I 0.96-0.98 long; femur IV 0.84-0.85, 2.20-2.30 longer than wide.

Type material: Male holotype (Gruta N4E-72, 6°01’58”S 50°09’14”W), Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas , Pará, Brazil, 24-30.vii.2009, leg. R. Andrade ( MZSP-65733 ) . Paratypes: Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas , Pará, Brazil: (Gruta N4E-72, 6°01’58”S 50°09’14”W), Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas , Pará, Brazil, 24-30.vii-2009, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65732 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-72, 6°01’58”S 50°09’14”W), 19.ii-4.iii-2010, leg. R. Andrade, 2 females ( MZSP-65734 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-62, 6°02’02”S 50°09’14”W), 24-30. vii.2009, leg. R. Andrade, 1 female ( MZSP-65735 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-85, 6°02’04”S 50°09’27”W), 18.viii-03.ix.2009, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65736 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-77, 6°01’59”S 50°09’04”W), 19.ii-4.iii-2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65737 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-89, 6°02’00”S 50°09’08”W), 19.ii-4. iii-2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65738 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4E-93, 6°02’24”S 50°09’32”W), 19.ii-4.iii-2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65739 ) ; Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás , Pará, Brazil: (Gruta S11D-05, 6°24’04”S 50°21’01”W), 13-30.i.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65740 ) ; idem, (Gruta S11D-17, 6°23’57”S 50°21’24”W), 13-30.i.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65741 ) ; idem, (Gruta S11Cav-24, 6°24’22”S 50°21’58”W), 22-28.ix.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MPEG) .

Etymology. Named after the Xikrin, an indigenous tribe located about one hundred kilometers from Parauapebas, the city close to the caves where the specimens were collected. The name is a noun in apposition.

Figures

Figures 1-6. Male flagellum. Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (1) dorsal; (2) ventral; (3) lateral. Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (4) dorsal; (5) ventral; (6) lateral. Scale bars: 1, 3-4 = 0.1; 2, 5-6 = 0.05 mm. Note: the setae named in parentheses correspond to the nomenclature of the flagellar setation proposed by VILLARREAL et al. (2014) and MORENO-GONZáLEZ et al. (2014).

Figures 7-10. Female flagellum. Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (7) ventral; (8) dorsal. Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (9) dorsal; (10) ventral. Scale bar: 0.05 mm. Note: The setae named in parentheses correspond to the nomenclature of the flagellar setation proposed by VILLARREAL et al. (2014) and MORENO-GONZáLEZ et al. (2014).

Figures 11-13. Glandular pores: (11) Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.; (12-13) Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov. Scale bars: 11 = 0.002, 12 = 0.005, 13 = 0.01 mm.

Figures 14-20. Pedipalp, chelicerae and spermathecae: (14-17) Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (14) Male homeomorphic pedipalp (holotype); (15) Male heteromorphic pedipalp, paratype MZSP-68883; (16) Male chelicerae, holotype: top-movable finger, bottom-fixed finger; (17) female paratype spermathecae, MZSP-65724; (18-20) Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (18) male pedipalp, holotype; (19) male chelicerae, holotype: top-movable finger, bottom-fixed finger; (20) female paratype spermathecae. Scale bars: 14-15, 18 = 0.20 mm; 17, 20 = 0.05 mm. (Fe1) Femur ectal 1, (Fe2) femur ectal 2, (Fv1) femur ventral 1, (Fv2) femur ventral 2.

Figures 21-26. Photographs of habitat and live schizomids: (21) view of plateau at Carajás region, limit between canga and ombrophilous vegetation types; (22-23) entrance region of a canga cave; (24) invertebrate manual collecting on ground of the interior of a canga cave; (25) live male of Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov. on ground; (26) live female of Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov. on ground. Photos: (21-24) Renata de Andrade, (25) Igor Cizauskas, (26) Marcus Oliveira.