Naderiore carajas, Pinto-da-Rocha & Andrade & Moreno-González, 2016

Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo, Andrade, Renata & Moreno-González, Jairo A., 2016, Two new cave-dwelling genera of short-tailed whip-scorpions from Brazil (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), Zoologia (e 20150195) 33 (2), pp. 1-9 : 2-6

Naderiore carajas sp. nov.

Figs. 1-3 , 7-8 , 12-17 , 25

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Diagnosis. Total length 3.7-3.9 mm (flagellum not included). Without eyespots. Male abdomen not elongated, without posterodorsal abdominal process on segment XII. Male flagellum rhomboidal 1.6 times longer than wide, and 5 times longer than pedicel length ( Figs. 1-3 ). Spermathecae with two pairs of lobes, whose distal circular bulbs are slightly marked and roughly so thick as the stalk, medial lobes shorter than lateral ones, both with numerous duct openings over surface ( Fig. 17 ); chitinized arch with AB and PB incomplete, IA rounded and LT sharp with an anterior notch ( Fig. 17 ).

Description. Male holotype (homeomorphic). Coloration (in ethanol); general dorsal coloration pattern light brownish-orange ( Fig. 25 ); pedipalps, chelicerae, leg I and propeltidium slightly darker. Prosoma. Propeltidium long (1.2 mm), anterior process with only one seta followed by three pairs of dorso-sub-median setae. Eyespot absent. Anterior sternum with 11 (9+2) setae; posterior sternum with 7 setae. Metapeltidium entire. Pedipalp ( Fig. 14 ). Trochanter with mesal spur, with an anteriorly projected sharp frontal process; femur without spurs; patella without a ventromesal curved spur; tibia without spurs. Femur, ectal surface with four setae near the ventral margin (Fe1, Fe2, Fv1 and Fv2). Chelicerae ( Fig. 16 ). Fixed finger ( Fig. 16 : bottom) with two small teeth between two large outer teeth. Movable finger ( Fig. 16 : top): serrula composed of 18 hyaline teeth; guard tooth present, lamella present, accessory tooth absent. Setae: G1 = 3 setae, G2 = 1, G3 = 4, G4 = 2, G5 = 8, G6 = 1; setae G1 with spicules on their base. Opisthosoma. Tergite I with two pairs and tergite II with three pairs of anterior microsetae. Tergites I-VII each with one pair of dorso-submedian setae; VIII-IX each with one pair of dorso-submedian setae and one pair of distolateral setae; X-XI narrow, each with one pair of lateral setae and five ventral setae; XII with one pair of dorso-median setae, two pairs of lateral and four pairs of ventral setae. Segments X-XII not elongated. Posterodorsal abdominal process of segment XII absent. Legs: anterior dorsal margin of femur IV produced at about 90 degrees angle, about three times as long as high. Flagellum ( Figs. 1-3 ). Dorsoventrally flattened, bulb sub-rhomboidal, 1.6 times longer than wide, with short pedicel (1/5 total length). Setation: Vm 1 at same level of Vm 2, but distal to Dm 1; pair Dl 1 (microsetae) proximal to Vm 1; pair Vm 4 proximal to Dl 2 level; pair Dm 3 between Dm 1 and Dl 3; Dl 3 positioned slightly distal to Vl 1; Vm 5 proximal to Dm 4 level, closer to Vl 1 than to Vl 2; Vl 2 proximal to Dl 3 level, and distal to Dm 4 level. Setae pair Dm 3 modified as macrosetae. With distolateral microsetae patches composed of four microsetae from the same level of Vm 5 to slightly anterior to Vl 2. With one pair of shallow dorso-submedian depressions at same level of Dl 2, located at approximately half of the flagellum length, without any dorsal swelling. With several glandular openings (GOP) (see Figs. 12-13 ) and many grooves radiating from a central pore (see SANTOS & PINTO-DA-ROCHA 2009) on lateral and dorso-subapical regions; with several pores (without radiating striated grooves) on central ventral region.

Measurements (MZSP-65721). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.50; femur 0.62; patella 0.59; tibia 0.55; tarsus 0.25; total 2.37. Leg I: trochanter 0.33; femur 1.19; patella 1.45; tibia 1.01; basitarsus 0.36; telotarsus 0.60; total 4.94. Leg II: 0.20; 0.93; 0.53; 0.55; 0.50; 0.42; 3.13. Leg III: 0.23; 0.72; 0.30; 0.35; 0.56; 0.44; 2.60. Leg IV: 0.30; 1.18; 0.56; 0.81; 0.72; 0.46; 4.03. Total length: 4.00. Propeltidium 1.25 long. Prosoma: 1.56 long. Opisthosoma: 2.20 long (flagellum excluded). Flagellum 0.41 long/0.15 wide.

Variation (male paratypes). Propeltidium 1.02-1.47 long; femur I 1.08-1.25; patella I 1.15-1.90 long; femur IV 1.02-1.35, 2.3-4.3 longer than wide. Anterior sternum 11-13 (9+2 to 11+2) setae. Paratypes with one or two setae on anterior process, a variation hitherto unreported in Hubbardiinae . Ventrally, patella with discrete (like females) to pronounced knob in heteromorphic males ( Fig. 15 ) (MZSP-68883, MZSP-68907, MZSP-68871).

Female paratype (MZSP-65722). Coloration (in ethanol) and setation as in male except for: pedipalpal trochanter rounded, without frontal process, not projected anteriorly. Pedipalp patella without a ventral spur. Anterior sternum with 13 (11+2) setae, posterior sternum with 5 setae. Propeltidium with two setae on the anterior process, both located near each other at the same level. Flagellum ( Figs. 7-8 ) four-segmented.Segment II with Dm 1, Vm 1, and Vm 2, all at the same level. Segment III with Dm 3 (microsetae) proximal to Vm 4. Segment IV with Vl 1 at same level of Vm 5 and Dl 1; Dm 4 between Dl 1 and Dl 3; Vl 2 proximal to Dl 3 and distal to Dm 4; Dl 4 (microsetae) proximal to Dl 3 and slight distal to above Vl 2, between the level of Dm 4 and Dl 3. Apex of the flagellum with several glandular openings appearing as many grooves radiating from a central pore. Spermathecae ( Fig. 17 ) consist of two pairs of almost straight lobes, with their apex anteriorly directed, whose distal circular bulbs are slightly marked and roughly so thick as the stalk; median lobes slightly thinner and shorter than lateral ones, both with cylindrical stalks covered with numerous DO over surface. Chitinized arch incomplete, AB and PB open, LT sharp and short with an anterior notch, IA rounded, without AMN and AMP.

Measurements (MZSP-68883). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.65; femur 0.50; patella 0.50; tibia 0.45; tarsus 0.25; total 2.35. Leg I: trochanter 0.30; femur 1.12; patella 1.27; tibia 0.95; basitarsus 0.32; telotarsus 0.50; total 4.40. Leg II: 0.27; 0.80; 0.67; 0.47; 0.42; 0.62; 3.27. Leg III: 0.22; 0.80; 0.45; 0.50; 0.45; 0.4; 2.87. Leg IV: 0.27; 1.15; 0.50; 0.75; 0.65; 0.52; 3.85. Total length: 3.65. Propeltidium : 1.02 long. Prosoma: 1.32 long. Opisthosoma: 2.32 long (flagellum excluded). Flagellum 0.32 long.

Variation (females). Propeltidium 1.16-1.20 long; femur I 1.075; patella I 1.21-1.23 long; femur IV 1.00-1.03, 2.28-2.44 longer than wide. With one or two setae on anterior process.

Type material: Male holotype (Gruta S11D-33; 6°24’41”S 50°20’38”W), Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás , Pará, Brazil, R. Andrade leg., 23.viii-02.ix.2007 ( MZSP-65721 ) . Paratypes: Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parauapebas , Pará, Brazil: (Gruta N1-75), 2007, leg. R. Andrade, 1 female ( MZSP-65722 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4WS-04; 6°04’23”S 50°11’44”W), 10-19.v.2011, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65723 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4WS-08, 6°05’23”S 50°11’42”W), 10-19.v.2011, leg. R. Andrade, 1 female ( MZSP-65724 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4WS-32, 6°04’05”S 50°11’33”W), 18.xi-01.xii.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65725 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4WS-75, 6°04’29”S 50°11’23”W) 18.xi-01.xii.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 2 males ( MZSP-65726 ) ; idem, (Gruta N4WS-75; 6°04’28.7”S 50°11’23.1”W), 18.ix-01.xii.10, leg. R. Andrade et al., 2 males ( MZUSP-69601 ) ; idem, (N3-037; 6°02’46.4”S 50°13’15.2”W), 05-17/III/2013, leg. F. V. Freitas et al., 1 male ( MZSP-68904 ) ; idem, (N3-037; 6°02’46.4”S 50°13’15.2”W), 5-17. III.2013, leg. F. V. Freitas et al., 2 males ( MZSP-68871 ) ; idem, (N3-047; 6°02’27.9”S 50°13’41.7”W), 03-17/IV/2013, leg. F. V. Freitas et al., 1 male ( MZSP-68874 ) ; idem, (N3-074; 6°02’36.6”S 50°13’51.0”W), 02-23/08/2013, leg. F. V. Freitas et al., 2 males ( MZSP-68907 ) ; idem, (N3-074; 6°02’36.6”S 50°13’51.0”W), 5-17/III/2013, leg. F. V. Freitas et al., 1 male, 1 female ( MZSP-68883 ) . Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Canaã dos Carajás , Pará, Brazil: (Gruta S11-23, 6°25’25”S 50°18’00”W), 24.ii-4.iii.2010, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65728 ) ; idem, (Gruta S11D-116, 6°25’19”S 50°19’00”W), 14-19.xii.2011, leg. R. Andrade, 1 male ( MZSP-65731 ) .

Etymology. Named after the Carajás Formation , located in northern South America. The Carajás Formation is a banded iron-formation (BIF) that contains a large number of small iron ore and canga caves where the specimens were collected. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.

Figures

Figures 1-6. Male flagellum. Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (1) dorsal; (2) ventral; (3) lateral. Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (4) dorsal; (5) ventral; (6) lateral. Scale bars: 1, 3-4 = 0.1; 2, 5-6 = 0.05 mm. Note: the setae named in parentheses correspond to the nomenclature of the flagellar setation proposed by VILLARREAL et al. (2014) and MORENO-GONZáLEZ et al. (2014).

Figures 7-10. Female flagellum. Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (7) ventral; (8) dorsal. Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (9) dorsal; (10) ventral. Scale bar: 0.05 mm. Note: The setae named in parentheses correspond to the nomenclature of the flagellar setation proposed by VILLARREAL et al. (2014) and MORENO-GONZáLEZ et al. (2014).

Figures 11-13. Glandular pores: (11) Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.; (12-13) Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov. Scale bars: 11 = 0.002, 12 = 0.005, 13 = 0.01 mm.

Figures 14-20. Pedipalp, chelicerae and spermathecae: (14-17) Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov.: (14) Male homeomorphic pedipalp (holotype); (15) Male heteromorphic pedipalp, paratype MZSP-68883; (16) Male chelicerae, holotype: top-movable finger, bottom-fixed finger; (17) female paratype spermathecae, MZSP-65724; (18-20) Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov.: (18) male pedipalp, holotype; (19) male chelicerae, holotype: top-movable finger, bottom-fixed finger; (20) female paratype spermathecae. Scale bars: 14-15, 18 = 0.20 mm; 17, 20 = 0.05 mm. (Fe1) Femur ectal 1, (Fe2) femur ectal 2, (Fv1) femur ventral 1, (Fv2) femur ventral 2.

Figures 21-26. Photographs of habitat and live schizomids: (21) view of plateau at Carajás region, limit between canga and ombrophilous vegetation types; (22-23) entrance region of a canga cave; (24) invertebrate manual collecting on ground of the interior of a canga cave; (25) live male of Naderiore carajas gen. nov., sp. nov. on ground; (26) live female of Cangazomus xikrin gen. nov., sp. nov. on ground. Photos: (21-24) Renata de Andrade, (25) Igor Cizauskas, (26) Marcus Oliveira.