Chondrocerithium gibbosum ( Eichwald, 1830 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2025, A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5625 (1), pp. 1-180 : 59-63

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4AB35FE-B158-4722-A849-C271E419DEE7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE-350B-DC27-FF54-8083F619FD04
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Chondrocerithium gibbosum ( Eichwald, 1830 )
status

Treatment

Chondrocerithium gibbosum ( Eichwald, 1830)

Figs 27A, 28A–I View FIGURE 28

* C [erithium]. gibbosum m.— Eichwald 1830: 224.

Cerithium irregulare Nov.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 35, pl. 2, figs 4–5.

Cerithium gibbosum Born.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [non Murex gibbosus Born, 1778 View in CoL ].

C [erithium]. irregulare Du Bois.— Pusch 1836: 528 .

Cerithium irregulare Dubois— Pusch 1837: 148 .

Cerithium mediterraneum Desh.— Eichwald 1851: 86 View in CoL , pl. 7, fig. 8 [non Cerithium mediterraneum Deshayes View in CoL in Deshayes & Milne-Edwards, 1843, = Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826) ].

Cerithium mediterraneum Desh.— Eichwald 1852: 2 View in CoL , pl. 7, fig. 8 [non Deshayes in Deshayes & Milne-Edwards, 1843, = Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826) ].

Cerith [ium]. gibbosum m.— Eichwald 1853: 149.

Cerithium irregulare (Dub.) — Friedberg 1914: 256, pl. 16, fig. 5.

Cerithium sp. an fallax Grat.— Friedberg 1914: 271 View in CoL , text-fig. 58.

Cerithium irreguare Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 9.

? Cerithium europaeum irregulare (Dubois 1830) — Krach 1981: 58, pl. 24, fig. 13.

non Cerithium irregulare Dub.— Urbaniak 1974: 38 , pl. 3, fig. 11 [= Ptychocerithium distinctissimum ( Eichwald, 1851) ].

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SPSU 3/300-1, SL: 27 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Zhukivtsi ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 28G View FIGURE 28 . Paralectotypes: SPSU 3/300-2, SL: 20.5 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Zhukivtsi ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 28H View FIGURE 28 1 –H View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . ZI RAS 64248, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Velyka Bilka ( Ukraine), Middle Miocene , late Badenian , Fig. 28I View FIGURE 28 . Other type material stored in St. Petersburg State University , Paleontological Museum and Zoological Institute , Russian Academy of Science in Saint-Petersburg. SPSU: 3/300, 18 shells, Zhukivtsi ( Ukraine), lectotype 3/300-1 and paralectotype 3/300-2 from here; 3/301, 14 shells, probably erroneously labelled as Camenca ( Moldova) because this species is unknown from the locality; 3/302, five shells erroneously labelled as from Korytnica ( Poland); ZI RAS: box without number, eight shells, Velyka Bilka ( Ukraine), paralectotype 64248 from here .

Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0021/0001, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Ternopil ( Ukraine), Figs 28A View FIGURE 28 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0021/0002, SL: 28.5 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Ternopil ( Ukraine), Figs 28B View FIGURE 28 1 –B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0021/0003, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Ternopil ( Ukraine), Figs 28C View FIGURE 28 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1859/0040/0022, SL: 28.7 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Zalistsi ( Ukraine), Figs 27A, 28D View FIGURE 28 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 , NHMW 2023/0022/0001, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Zalistsi ( Ukraine), Figs 28E View FIGURE 28 1 –E View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 2023/0022/0002, SL: 18.6 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Zalistsi ( Ukraine), Figs 28F View FIGURE 28 1 –F View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 .

Additional material. 3 spec. NHMW 1849 View Materials /0009/0014, Zhukivtsi ( Ukraine) .

Revised description. Medium sized, ventrose conical shell of up to eleven teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 27–31 mm in height; apical angle 40–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with very prominent, rounded axial ribs and broad varices separated by wide interspaces. Axial sculpture crossed by narrow spiral cords or alternating strength separated by narrow grooves. Spirals of primary to tertiary strength persisting throughout ontogeny. Convexity of whorls decreasing during ontogeny. Axial ribs weaken around sixth or seventh whorl, becoming subobsolete or represented by band of irregularly shaped subquadratic beads below suture and weak tubercles mid-whorl on late spire whorls. Suture narrowly incised, irregularly undulating around varices. Last whorl moderately convex, attaining ~45% of total height, with strong varix opposite aperture. Sculpture of narrow cords of primary to tertiary strength that continues onto base and fasciole, separated by narrow grooves, with row of faint subquadratic tubercles or beads below suture and slightly above periphery; tubercles cut by cords. Base weakly constricted. Aperture ovate, very wide. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming moderately broad rim, not very thickened, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal deeply incised with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly flaring, weakly crenulated, thin. Two prominent lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short and wide, twisted, deflected to the left.

Discussion. This species is characterized by its irregular outline with broad, bulging varices and undulating suture along with reduced tubercles on late teleoconch whorls. There are no comparable species known so far from the Paratethys Sea or from Miocene deposits of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. The Early Miocene Chondrocerithium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825) differs in its prominent sculpture of tubercles and beads (see Cossmann & Peyrot 1922: pl. 5, figs 38–39, 57–58, 96; Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 6, figs 2a–c). In its reduced sculpture, C. gibbosum is closer to Paleogene species, such as C. intradentatum ( Deshayes, 1864) and C. passyi ( Deshayes, 1864) . The Rupelian C. intradentatum differs in its more delicate sculpture of tiny granules (see Lozouet & Maestrati 2012: figs 288/11–12; Cossmann & Lambert 1884, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05153). Chondrocerithium tumidum (Braun in Walchner, 1851), from the Rupelian of the Mainz Basin, is morphologically close to C. gibbosum and differs mainly in its coarser and more numerous beads (see Sandberger 1859: pl. 10, fig. 1; Kuster-Wendenburg 1973: pl. 3, fig. 38). The Lutetian C. passyi is more slender, has higher whorls and small granules below the adapical suture (see Deshayes 1864: pl. 74 figs 36–37). ‘ Cerithium sp. an fallax ’ described by Friedberg (1914) from Zboriv ( Ukraine) represents a spire fragment of Chondrocerithium gibbosum .

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.)

Distribution. Endemic to the late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian part of Central Paratethys.

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene):? Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek ( Poland) ( Krach 1981). Voronyaky Hills: Butini, Hołdy (between hill Makitra and village Buchyna), Kulychkiv (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Kuncha, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Komaryn, Lanivtsi, Mala Bilka, Staryi Pochaiv, Ternopil, Velyka Bilka, Zalistsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1914, hoc opus).

Genus Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840 View in CoL

Type species. Murex vertagus Linnaeus, 1767 ; subsequent designation by Herrmannsen (1848: 392). Present-day, Indo-Pacific.

Diagnosis. “ Turreted fusiform shells with sharply reflexed, elongated anterior canals and well defined anal canals. Columella with central oblique plait extending along entire axis of shell. Aperture ovate-fusiform. Parietal callosity and thick columellar lip partially detached along edge. Sculpture of spiral grooves, cords, nodes and axial elements. Several faint varices; prominent varix opposite outer lip.” ( Houbrick 1978: 30).

Discussion. In the Oligocene and Early Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and the Central Paratethys Sea, there occur species, which are reminiscent of extant species placed in Rhinoclavis : Cerithium ampullosum Brongniart, 1823 ( Brongniart 1823: 71, pl. 3, fig. 18), Cerithium orditum Michelotti, 1861 ( Michelotti 1861: 122, pl. 12, fig. 18), Cerithium brongniarti Michelotti, 1861 ( Michelotti 1861: 123, pl. 12, figs 19–20), Cerithium voglinoi Michelotti, 1861 ( Michelotti 1861: 122, pl. 12, fig. 17), Vertagus voglinoi conicoscalaris Sacco, 1895 ( Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 96, BS.046-06.002), Vertagus voglinoi cingulellatior Sacco, 1895 ( Sacco 1895: 36), Vertagus oligasper Sacco, 1895 ( Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 97), BS.046-06.003, Vertagus orditus longofusata Sacco, 1895 ( Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 98, BS.046-06.004); all from the Rupelian of Italy. In addition, Cerithium (Vertagus) kachhensis Vredenburg, 1925 was described from the Burdigalian of India (see Vredenburg 1925; pl. 7, figs 10–11). These shells are characterized by large, solid, broad conical shells with about 11 subcylindrical to weakly convex teleoconch whorls. Apical angle 22–35°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided with three beaded primary spiral cords arranged in close-set axial ribs. Weak secondary spiral threads in interspaces. Sculpture of later whorls with dense pattern of primary and secondary spiral cords with more or less prominent, axially arranged tubercles and beads (e.g., Rhinoclavis ampullosa , R. oligasper ). In other species, sculpture reduced during ontogeny (e.g., R. ordita , R. voglinoi ). Suture narrowly incised, linear. Last whorl high, broad subcylindrical to weakly convex, attaining ~38–43% of total height. Broad, indistinct varix on last whorl. Last whorl with deep neck, strongly constricted, with short base. Fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, ovoid, oblique. Columella moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, thick, prominent rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal, deeply incised, narrow, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip flaring, wide, with continuously convex margin. Siphonal canal short, deeply notched, moderately narrow, strongly deflected to the left.

These shells differ from typical Rhinoclavis in their broader, conical (instead of slender pupoid) shells, shorter siphonal canals and the prominent parietal denticle, which is often weaker or completely absent in Rhinoclavis . These differences, however, are all gradual and we refrain from separating the European species as distinct genus. Nevertheless, the placement of the Oligocene/Early Miocene species in Rhinoclavis is in conflict with the assumed origin of the genus during the Pliocene in the Indo-West Pacific ( Houbrick 1978). More and better-preserved shells would be needed to decide on the generic status of the European fossils, which we provisionally place in Rhinoclavis .

SL	University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College
NHMW	Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Genus	Chondrocerithium