Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas, 1852

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2020, Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (7), pp. 1-41 : 10

Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas, 1852 belongs to subgenus Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur , [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] instead of Paramidea Kuznetsov, 1929

Our genome-level phylogeny strongly supports the placement of Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas, 1852 (type locality " Californie ") as sister to the Anthocharis sara Lucas, 1852 (type locality " Californie ") species group, which belongs to the subgenus Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur , [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (type species Papilio cardamines Linnaeus, 1758 ) (Fig. 4, blue). The A. sara group taken together with A. lanceolata is sister to the subgenus Tetracharis (type species Anthocharis cethura C. & R. Felder, 1865) and thus is not monophyletic with Anthocharis scolymus Butler, 1866 , the type species of Paramidea Kuznetsov, 1929 . In other words, Paramidea Kuznetsov, 1929 is sister to a clade formed by subgenera Anthocharis and Tetracharis . Therefore, A. lanceolata does not belong to Paramidea , but instead is in the subgenus Anthocharis . Apparently, the falcate shape of the forewing vs. rounded forewing apex is not a character that indicates phylogenetic groupings within the genus Anthocharis and has originated more than once.