Lafron Grishin, 2020

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A. & Grishin, Nick V., 2020, Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (7), pp. 1-41 : 12-13

Lafron Grishin , new genus

http://zoobank.org/ 0DB9D8C5-E666-46A3-822B-50E96448C82A

Type species. Papilio orus Stoll, [1780] .

Definition. In male genitalia ( Fig. 2 in de Jong and van Dorp 2006), differs from others in the subfamily Lycaeninae , except Melanolycaena , by a saccus-like pouch on juxta ( Sibatani 1974); separated from Melanolycaena (Fig. 4 in Sibatani 1974) by juxta connected to valva at its more ventral part, as in other Lycaena . In wing patterns and shape, resembles a sympatric hairstreak Chrysoritis lycegenes (Trimen, 1874) (possible mimicry), i.e. wings are more rounded than most Lycaena and forewing black spots are closer to the margin, hindwing without tails and patterned more similar to Polyommatinae than to most Lycaena : pale-brown with darker marginal lunules and with paler spots usually darker in the middle.

Etymology. The name is a masculine noun in the nominative singular, formed as L [ycaen] a + [A] fr [ica] + on to indicate African origin of the genus and reach gender agreement with the type species name.

Species included. The type species and Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971 , both from South Africa .

Parent taxon. Subfamily Lycaeninae [Leach], [1815].

Lycaeninae genera, subgenera and their available synonyms

Here, we update the Appendix of Sibatani (1974) and suggest the following treatment of Lycaeninae grouped into nine genera. Placements of Lafron Grishin , gen. n. and Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 are provisional due to the lack of both genomic data and unambiguous phenotypic evidence, and follow published works based on morphology and limited DNA analysis ( Klots 1936; Sibatani 1974; van Dorp 2004; de Jong and van Dorp 2006). The list is preliminary and further changes are expected in groups poorly covered by our genome-based phylogeny. Junior subjective synonyms are preceded by "=". Unavailable names are not listed. Type species are given in parenthesis with their original genus name.

Genus Lafron Grishin , gen. n. ( Papilio orus Stoll, [1780] )

Genus Lycaena [Fabricius], 1807 ( Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1760 )

Subgenus Lycaena [Fabricius], 1807 ( Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1760 )

Subgenus Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957 ( Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802 )

Subgenus Heodes Dalman, 1816 ( Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758 )

= Loweia Tutt, 1906 ( Papilio dorilis Hufnagel, 1766 )

= Thersamonia Verity, 1919 ( Papilio thersamon Esper, 1784 )

= Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943 ( Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1760 )

= Alciphronia Koçak, 1992 ( Papilio alciphron Rottemburg, 1775 )

= Mirzakhania Koçak, 1996 ( Chrysophanus kasyapa F. Moore, 1865 )

Genus Helleia Verity, 1943 ( Papilio helle Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 )

Genus Tharsalea Scudder, 1876 ( Polyommatus arota Boisduval, 1852 )

Subgenus Epidemia Scudder, 1876 ( Polyommatus epixanthe Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835] )

= Hyllolycaena L. Miller & F. Brown, 1979 ( Papilio hyllus Cramer, 1775 )

= Hellolycaena Koçak, 1983 (= Polyommatus thoe Guérin-Méneville, [1832] , which is Papilio hyllus Cramer, 1775 ) Subgenus Chalceria Scudder, 1876 ( Chrysophanus rubidus Behr, 1866 )

= Gaeides Scudder, 1876 ( Chrysophanus dione Scudder, 1868 )

Subgenus Tharsalea Scudder, 1876 ( Polyommatus arota Boisduval, 1852 )

Subgenus Hermelycaena L. Miller & F. Brown, 1979 ( Chrysophanus hermes W. H. Edwards, 1870 )

Subgenus Hyrcanana Bethune-Baker, 1914 ( Polyommatus caspius Lederer, 1870 )

= Sarthusia Verity, 1943 ( Polyommatus sarthus Staudinger, 1866 )

Subgenus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 ( Polyommatus phoenicurus var. margelanica Staudinger, 1881 )

= Athamanthia Zhdanko, 1983 ; ( Polyommatus athamantis Eversmann, 1854 )

Genus Iophanus Draudt, 1920 ( Chrysophanus (?) pyrrhias Godman & Salvin, 1887 )

Genus Heliophorus Geyer, [1832] (= H. belenus Geyer, [1832] , which is Polyommatus epicles Godart, [1824] ) Subgenus Heliophorus Geyer, [1832] (= H. belenus Geyer, [1832] , which is Polyommatus epicles Godart, [1824] )

= Ilerda E. Doubleday, 1847 ( Polyommatus epicles Godart, [1824] )

= Kulua Zhdanko, 1995 ( Polyommatus tamu Kollar, 1844 )

Subgenus Nesa Zhdanko, 1995 ( Polyommatus sena Kollar, 1844 ) [not a homonym! Nesa Leach, 1818 is a misspelling] Genus Apangea Zhdanko, 1995 ( Chrysophanus pang Oberthür, 1886 )

Genus Melanolycaena Sibatani, 1974 ( Melanolycaena altimontana Sibatani, 1974 )

Genus Boldenaria Zhdanko, 1995 ( Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862 )