Justicia secundiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl

Villanueva-Espinoza, Rosa, Deng, Yunfei, Scotland, Robert & Wood, John R. I., 2025, Preliminary notes on Justicia (Acanthaceae) in Peru, PhytoKeys 258, pp. 1-123 : 1-123

37. Justicia secundiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl , Enum. Pl. 1: 159. 1804. ( Vahl 1804: 158)

Dianthera secundiflora Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 1: 11. 1798. ( Ruiz and Pavón 1798: 11) Type. PERU. Ruiz & Pavon s. n. (lectotype MA 815540, designated here, isolectotypes BC- 872859, BM- 014608695, G- 00236348, G- 00236349, G- 00236350, MA- 815542, OXF- 00194112).

Leptostachya secundiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 378. 1847. ( Nees 1847 b: 378)

Leptostachya poeppigiana Nees, Flora Bras. 9: 150. 1847. ( Nees 1847 a: 150) Type. BRAZIL, Ega, Rio Amazon, Poeppig 2485 β (lectotype W- 0049994, designated here), syn. nov.

Ecbolium poeppigianum (Nees) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 981. 1891. ( Kuntze 1891: 981)

Justicia poeppigiana (Nees) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19 (4), Beibl. 48: 20. 1894. ( Lindau 1894: 20)

Type.

Based on Dianthera secundiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Description.

Subshrub 1–3 m high; stems glabrous. Leaves petiolate, lamina 10–23 × 3.5–11 cm, obovate-elliptic, apex obtuse to very shortly acuminate, base cuneate, lateral veins 7–10; petioles 2–4 cm. Inflorescences composed of axillary 1 - sided spikes, up to 18 cm long these simple or branched, the branches verticillate with 1–4 secondary branches arising at each node; ultimate spikes 2–6 cm long, the flowers c. 3 mm distant, rachis pulverulent; bracts at inflorescence branching points 10 × c. 2 mm, puberulent; floral bracts deltoid 1 × 0.5 mm; bracteoles 2 × 1 mm, deltoid, both puberulent; calyx 4 - lobed to near base, lobes 3 × 1 mm; corolla 8 mm long, cream mottled purple, puberulent; anthers superposed, 0.9 × 0.5 mm, subquadrangular, glabrous, lower with a basal appendage. Capsule 15–16 × 2.5 mm, oblong, puberulent, 4 - seeded; seeds rugose.

Illustration.

Fig. 37 .

Habitat.

Lowland rainforest, mostly at altitudes below 600 m, but exceptionally up to 1368 m.

Phenology.

Mostly flowering from June to October.

Distribution.

Amazonian regions of Peru, Amazonian Brazil and the south of Ecuador. Fig. 66 .

Material examined.

Peru • Amazonas: Prov. Condorcanqui, Dist. Río Santiago, Cerro Kampankis , 3°06'37"S, 77°46'07"W, 450 m, 6 Aug. 2011, I. Huamantupa et al. 15412 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. El Cenepa, Quebrada Satik entsa, 600 ft, 16 July 1974, R. Kayap 1132 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Comunidad de Tutino, 04°33'05"S, 78°12'54"W, 340 m, 28 July 1977, R. Vásquez et al. 24479 ( HUT, US, USM) ; • ibid., 04°34'05"S, 78°11'53"W, 28 June 1997, R. Vásquez et al. 24289 ( USM) ; • ibid., 04°29'30"S, 78°10'30"W, 300 m, 16 June 1997, R. Vásquez et al. 24052 ( USM). Prov. Bagua, rainforest along Río Marañón 2–10 km above mouth of Río Santiago , 250–275 m, 14–15 Oct. 1962, J. Wurdack 2249 ( US, USM) . • Ayacucho: Prov. La Mar, between Santa Rosa y Hac. Luisiana, 640 m, 8 Sept. 1976, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 626 (K, USM) ; • ibid., 585 m, 7 June 1968, T. R. Dudley 9088 B (F) . Cusco: Prov. La Convención, Quempiri, caserío Campa , 460–480 m, 24 July 1965, R. Ferreyra 16361 ( USM) ; • ibid., Camp. Malvinas, 11°52'12"S, 72°56'28"W, 23 Sept. 1997, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez & F. Ramírez 9885 (F, K, MO, US, USM) ; • ibid., Chokoriari, 11°51'S, 72°57'W, 400 m, P. Nuñez et al. 20877 ( CUZ, F, USM) . • Huánuco: Prov. Puerto Inca, Dist. Codo de Pozuzo, 9°40'S, 75°25'W, 450 m, 18 Oct. 1982, R. Foster 9278 ( USM, US) ; • ibid., Dist. Puerto Inca, Santa Antonio en la cocha, 200 m, 29 Aug. 2019, I. Azevedo & R. Villanueva 174 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., Dist. Rupa-Rupa, Villa Isabel-Cucharas, 550 m, 24 July 1954, F. Woytkowski 1247 ( MOL). Prov. Pachitea, western part of Sira mountains , 9°28'S, 74°48'W, 31 July 1988, B. Wallnoefer 115-31788 ( US) . • Junín: Prov. Satipo, Dist. Río Tambo , Com. Nativa Pichiquia , 11°22'12"S, 74°02'19"W, 1348 m, 13 July 2013, L. Valenzuela et al. 25073 ( HOXA, MO). Prov. Chanchamayo, Dist. La Merced , entre Situlli y Cerro Santa Cruz, c. 86 km. de Tingo María, 500–600 m, 3 Aug. 1948, R. Ferreyra 4383 ( USM, US). Prov. Datém del Marañón , Dist. Manseriche, Santa Rosa , lower Río Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135 m, 1–5 Sept. 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 28833 ( US) . Loreto: Prov. Alto Amazonas, Dist. Acapulco , 25 March 2009, M. Chocce et al. 4991 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Yurimaguas, Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto ( lower Río Huallaga basin), 135–150 m, 26–31 Aug. 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 28343 (F, US) ; • ibid., Dist. Balsapuerto (lower Río Huallaga basin), 150–350 m, 28–30 Aug. 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 28635 (F, US) ; • ibid., E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 28654 ( US). Prov. Ucayali, Dist. Pampa Hermosa, Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, Sector PV- 106, 175 m, 15 Sept. 2002, R. Vásquez et al. 47524 ( USM) . • Madre de Dios: Prov. Manu, P. N. Manu, 5 km due north of Est. Biol. Cocha Cashu , 11°52'S, 71°22'W, 15 Aug. 1983, Al. Gentry 43606 ( MO) ; • ibid., 11°40'S, 71°55'W, 400–450 m, 2 Oct. 1986, R. B. Foster et al. 11581 (F) ; • ibid., 15 Aug. 1976, R. B. Foster & C. Augspurger 3160 (F) ; • ibid., Cocha Cashu uplands, 11°45'S, 71°0'W, 400 m, 22 Aug. 1986, P. Nuñez 5895 ( USM) ; • ibid., 5 Sept. 1989, A. Tupayachi 1196 ( CUZ 27808 ) . • Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Palcazú, Iscozacin , Est. Biol. Paujil , 10°21'27"S, 75°14'50"W, 405 m, 13 Aug. 2010, J. Perea et al. 4501 ( HOXA, USM) ; • ibid., 10°20'58"S, 75°16'10"W, 386 m, 17 Aug. 2010, J. Perea et al. 4578 ( HOXA, USM) ; • ibid., Ataz, camino al Convento , 10°09'30"S, 75°19'34"W, 375–635 m, 9 Aug. 2008, L. Valenzuela et al. 11965 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., quebrada Ataz , 10°10'06"S, 75°19'23"W, 407 m, 28 May 2009, L. Valenzuela et al. 13035 ( HOXA, USM) ; • ibid., P. N. Yanachaga Chemillén, trocha Estación Biológica Paujil a Pozo Tigre, 400 m, 10°19'55"S, 75°6'00"W, 12 July 2007, A. Monteagudo et al. 14217 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., Dist. Puerto Bermudez, Valle Pichis, Santa Rosa de Chivis, Río Nochos , 9 km SW of Puerto Bermúdez on new highway, 10°20'S, 74°58'W, 300–400 m, 7 Sept. 1982, R. Foster 8595 ( MEXU, F, US, USM) ; • ibid., 375 m, 14–17 July 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 26646 (F, MA, P, US) ; • ibid., Cahuapanas, on Río Pichis , 340 m, 20–21 July 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 26815 ( US) ; • ibid., Dist. Villa Rica, 0°45'28"S, 74 ° 55 ' 92 " W 1355 m, 6 July 2003, J. Perea & C. Mateo 0194 ( HOXA, US) . • San Martin: Prov. San Martín, Dist. Tarapoto, 1835, A. Mathews 1596 (K, OXF). Prov. Tocache , Dist. Tocache , Río Huallaga , fundo Miramar , a 3 km de Tocache Nuevo, 400 m, 19 Aug. 1969, J. Schunke Vigo 3352 (F, MOL, US, USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Uchiza, Cachuyacu de Lepuna , 450–500 m, 11 July 1974, J. Schunke Vigo 7314 (F, US, USM). Prov. Bellavista, Dist. Alto Biavo, Sector Las Palmas, Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, Puesto de Control 20 “ Mojarra ”, 7°35'S, 76°11'W, 772 m, 13 Sept. 2019, L. Valenzuela et al. 36857 ( HOXA) . • Ucayali: Prov. Padre Abad, Río Aguaytía, carretera a Caserío San Miguel y Mapuya , 350 m, 9°05'S, 75°26'W, J. Schunke Vigo & J. G. Graham 16210 (F, MOL, US) .

Lectotypification.

Of the original material of Dianthera secundiflora at Madrid, MA 815540 is much the best material and is accordingly chosen as the lectotype. In describing Leptostachya poeppigiana Nees cited two collections by Poeppig, “ In Maynas et ad Egam [Tefe] oppidum, circum flumen Amazonum ”, the former from Peru and the latter from Brazil. Two specimens from Egam are annotated by Nees, one in his own herbarium (GZU- 000250901) and one in Vienna (W- 00499940). Neither specimen is very adequate but as GZU- 000250901 is a fragment, apparently removed from W- 0049994, the latter is selected as lectotype, being the original material. There is a fragment also apparently removed from the Vienna specimen at the Smithsonian ( US- 02880220).

Note.

Acevedo-Rodriguez 9885 from Cusco, La Convención, has lanceolate (rather than deltoid), less obviously puberulent bracts and a larger corolla and may represent a different species.

Figures

Figure 37. Photographs of Justicia secundiflora A, B (Vásquez 46813) Rodolfo Vásquez C, D (Azevedo 174) Igor Azevedo

Figure 66. Distribution of Justicia secundiflora in Peru