Salvatoria koorineclavata, Guillermo San Martin, 2005

Guillermo San Martin, 2005, Exogoninae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia With the Description of a New Genus and Twenty-two New Species, Records of the Australian Museum 57, pp. 39-152 : 55-57

Salvatoria koorineclavata n.sp.

Figs. 11A–G, 12A–E

Brania clavata .–Hartmann-Schröder, 1979: 100, figs. 129–133; 1980: 53; 1990: 53; 1991: 37. Not Claparède, 1863.

Material examined.AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES. HOLOTYPE, AM W26445, 400 yards south of southern entrance to Jervis Bay,ACT, 35°7'S 150°46'E, 21.3 m, P.A. Hutchings, 22 July 1972. PARATYPE: 1 specimen, AM W26446, southwest Bowen Island, ACT, 35°07.49'S 150°45.77'E, small pink/white sponge with irregular lobes found in seagrass, 8 m, P. Serov & G.D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993. PARATYPE: 1 specimen, AM W15811, south bank of Lake Merimbula, 36°53.7'S 149°54.5'E, on short Zostera & Halophila spp. , J.H. Day et al., 6 Oct 1975. 7 specimens, AM W26423, southwest side of South Solitary Island, 30°12.0'S 153°16.0'E, coral rubble, 18 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 24 Jun 1992. 1 specimen, AM W26424, Richmond River, near shore Ballina, old wharf between Cherry & Martin Sts, 28°52.5'S 153°33.6'E, drift algae, 6 m, S.J. Keable, 5 Mar 1992. 4 specimens, AM W26425, 100 m north west of Split Solitary Island, 30°14.0'S 153°10.8'E, mixed red algae, 15 m, S.J. Keable, 7 Mar 1992. 4AM W26426, 100 m northwest of Split Solitary Island, 30°14.0'S 153°10.8'E, mixed red algae, 15 m, S.J. Keable, 7 Mar 2000. 1 specimen, AM W26427, 150 m east of Burrill Rocks, 35°23.41'S 150°28.18'E, dead bryozoan encrusted with algae, bryozoa and hydroids, 17 m, K. Attwood, 1 May 1997. 1 specimen, AM W26510, southwest Bowen Island, ACT, 30°07.49'S 150°45.77'E, sandy bottom; rock with bryozoans & encrusting polychaetes, 8 m, P. Serov & G.D.F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993. 1 specimen, AM W26642, Bottle and Glass Rocks, Port Jackson, 33°50.9'S 151°16.2'E, airlift, 12 m, G. Clark, 11 Dec 1989. 3 specimens, AM W26649, Grotto Point, Port Jackson, 33°49'S 151°15'E, algae, 4 m, P. Colman, 18 July 2000. 1 specimen, AM W26660, Grotto Point, Port Jackson, 33°49'S 151°15'E, algae, 4 m, P. Colman, 22 Apr 1983. 6 specimens, AM W27408, 100 m north west of Split Solitary Island, 30°14.0'S 153°10.8'E, mixed red algae, 15 m, S.J. Keable, 7 Mar 1992. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 1 specimen, AM W26742, Elliston Reef, 33°39'S 134°53'E, algae from reef flat at low tide, P.A. Hutchings, 11 Mar 1979. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. PARATYPE: 1 specimen, AM W26514, off end of South Mole, Arthur Head, Fremantle, 32°3'S 115°44'E, orange tunicates, 6 m, J.K. Lowry, 25 Dec 1983.1 specimen, AM W26691, Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead plates of Acropora covered in coralline algae, 8 m, P.A. Hutchings, 19 May 1994. 3 specimens, AM W26692, north end of Long Island, Goss Passage, 28°27.9'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral covered in coralline algae & brown algae, 6 m, C. Bryce, 22 May 1994. 1 specimens, AM W26693, jetty adjacent to Fisheries Hut, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead coral with plate-like Montipora & Acropora spp. , 12 m, P.A. Hutchings, 23 May 1994. 1 specimen, AM W26694, north end of Long Island, Goss Passage, 28°28.3'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral covered with coralline algae & boring bivalves, 8 m, C. Bryce, 22 May 1994. 1 specimen, AM W26695, south west corner of Lucas Island, Kimberleys, 15°13'S 124°31'E, 30 m, P.A. Hutchings, 24 July 1988. 1 specimen, AM W26696, east side of West Wallabi Island, 28°27.9'S 113°40.9'E, in Posidonia australis root mat, plus epifauna, 2 m, P.A. Hutchings, 26 May 1994. 4 specimens, AM W26697, off south end of Long Island, Beacon Island, 28°28.8'S 113°46.3'E, dead coral covered in coralline algae, 5 m, P.A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994. 1 specimen, AM W26698, Goss Passage, Beacon Island, 28°25.5'S 113°47.0'E, dead branching coral covered in coralline algae, 10 m, P.A. Hutchings, 18 May 1994. 156 specimens, AM W26830, inshore reef off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, green algae, 1.5 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W26835, reef west of groyne, 2 km south of Cape Peron, 32°16'S 115°41'E, Ulva sp. on new limestone boulder groyne, 1 m, H.E. Stoddart, 26 Dec 1983. 33 specimens, AM W27401, limestone reef, off Ned’s camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, sponge with epiphytic algae, and muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984. 10 specimens, AM W27402, inshore reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°55'E, very fine sediment and sand from patches in reef, 1 m, H.E. Stoddart, 2 Jan 1984. 19 specimens, AM W27403, north end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21°49'S 114°11'E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 2 m, H.E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984. 3 specimens, AM W27405, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S 114°09'E, mixed brown algae from rocky shore, 4 m, R.T. Springthorpe, 10 Jan 1984. 5 specimens, AM W27406, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, lumps of algae on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 7 specimens, AM W27407, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, tufted balls of algae on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 4 specimens, AM W27409, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, sand from seagrass beds on shallow sandflats, 0.5 m, H.E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984. 23 specimens, AM W27416, inshore reef off Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S 113°59'E, frilly Caulerpa sp. , 1 m, J.K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W27423, 5 km offshore, Bush Bay, 30 km south of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 113°39'E, airlift in strap-leaved seagrass beds, 2 m, J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe, 6 Jan 1984. 58 specimens, AM W27424, north end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21°49'S 114°11'E, rocky rubble, brown algae with epiphytes, sediment, 2 m, H.E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984. 1 specimen, AM W27425, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S 114°09'E, rocky shore, dictyotalean from cave, 4 m, J.K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984.

Description. Body small, holotype is a mature male with natatory chaetae, 2 mm long, 0.27 mm wide, for about 27 chaetigers. Prostomium ovate, wider than long, with 4 thick eyes in trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. Antennae spindle-shaped (fig. 12A), subdistally inflated, ending in short tip, similar in length to combined lengths of prostomium and palps or slightly longer, median antenna longer than lateral antennae, inserted slightly in front of line between posterior eyes (Fig. 11A), lateral antennae inserted in front of and medial to anterior eyes (Fig. 11A). Palps similar in length to prostomium or shorter, fused dorsally by a membrane, with a small distal notch, sometimes ventrally folded ( Fig. 12B ). Two distinct ciliated nuchal organs between prostomium and peristomium (Figs. 11A, 12A ). Peristomium similar in length to following segments; tentacular cirri similar to antennae but more elongate, dorsal pair similar in length to lateral antennae, ventral pair shorter. Dorsal cirri spindle-shaped, present on all chaetigers, all similar in length or with slight variations in length, except those of chaetiger 1, which are slightly longer than subsequent ones (Fig. 11A). Compound chaetae with bidentate blades, both teeth similar, provided with moderately long, distally directed, thin spines basally, shorter and straight as more distal on margin ( Fig. 12E ); spines longer in dorsalmost chaetae.Anterior parapodia each with about 9–10 compound chaetae (Fig. 11B), with dorsoventral gradation in length, 26 µm above, 12–13 µm below; posteriorly number of compound chaetae declines progressively to 5–6 on posterior parapodia, provided with shorter blades, less marked dorsoventral gradation in length of blades (Fig. 11E), 22 µm above, 16 µm below, and more strongly bidentate. Dorsal simple chaetae from anterior chaetigers, sometimes from chaetiger 1, bidentate, subdistal tooth shorter than distal tooth, with short subdistal marginal spines (Fig. 11D). Ventral simple chaetae on most posterior parapodia of some specimens, sigmoid, bidentate, similar to dorsal ones (Fig. 11F). Anterior parapodia each with 2 aciculae, one straight and another one acuminate (Fig. 11C); solitary acicula in midbody and posterior parapodia, acuminate, with long tip (Fig. 11G). Pharynx relatively long, through about 4–5 segments; pharyngeal tooth small, rhomboidal to ovate, located near anterior margin, but distinctly posteriorly, without papillae on opening. Proventricle similar in length to pharynx, through about 5 segments, with 21–22 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri, similar to dorsal cirri but slightly longer.

Remarks. This species has been previously reported from Australia as Brania clavata (= Salvatoria clavata ); both species are similar and are easy to confuse; the Australian species, however, has a relatively longer pharynx and proventricle than the European species; in addition blades of compound chaetae are provided with relatively longer and upwards curved marginal spines, straight in S. clavata , and the pharyngeal tooth is located much more anteriorly than in S. clavata (San Martín, 2003). I have examined two specimens reported from Australia as Brania clavata by Hartmann-Schröder (HZM P-16668) and it is clear that they are not that species, but S. koorineclavata n.sp. So, the species S. clavata is probably not present in Australia and the records are referred to S. koorineclavata .

Other species described from other parts of the world, usually under the genus name Brania , are similar, both to S. clavata and S. koorineclavata n.sp., but details of the pharynx and proventricle as well as details of the compound chaetae are different. Salvatoria californiensis (Kudenov & Harris, 1995) has similar chaetae, but with shorter spines on the margin and less developed teeth, the acicula lacks a well defined acute tip, and the proventricle is much shorter, running through 2 segments instead of about 5 segments in S. koorineclavata , with fewer rows of muscle cells (19 rather than 21–22). Salvatoria clavata has been reported worldwide, but probably represents a suite of species.

Distribution. Australia (all States).

Habitat. Common in shallow waters on a variety of substrates, to 29 m depth.

Etymology. The name comes from an Aboriginal word, Koorine, meaning “daughter”, in relation with the similarity of theAustralian species to the European species of S. clavata .

Figures

Fig. 12. SEM of Salvatoria koorineclavata n.sp. (A) anterior end, dorsal view. (B) same, ventral view. (C) mature female, carrying eggs, lateral view. (D) capillary notochaetae supporting an egg. (E) compound chaetae, midbody.