Erechthias nidumicola, Park & Yagi & Hirowatari, 2025

Park, Jinhyeong, Yagi, Sadahisa & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2025, Taxonomic study of the genus Erechthias (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from the Ogasawara Islands, with two new records and four new species, ZooKeys 1250, pp. 13-48 : 13-48

Erechthias nidumicola sp. nov.

Figs 9 , 10 , 19 , 20 , 32 , 40 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 Japanese name: Torinosu-tsumaorega

Erechthias sp. Nasu et al. 2014: 76, 75, fig. 12; Hirowatari and Yagi 2023: 24.

Type material.

Holotype: Japan: ♂, Tokyo Met., Ogasawara Isls., Chichijima Is., Kopepe beach , 14.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide no. JP-310, DNA sample JHP-088, ELKU . Paratypes: Japan: [ Tokyo, Ogasawara Isls.]: [ Mukojima Is. ]: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 15.VII.2024, SW, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide no. JP-373 ( ♂), DNA sample JHP-213 ( ♂), ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JHP-207, ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, 15.VII.2024, LT, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • [ Nakodojima Is. ]: 6 ♂, 16.VII.2024, S. Yagi leg., JHP-214, ELKU • [ Ototojima Is. ]: 2 ♂, 12–13.VII.2024, J. - H. Park leg., JHP-210, ELKU • 1 ♀, Kurohama , 12–13.VII.2024, LTFIT, M. Kimura leg., ELKU • [ Anijima Is.]: 1 ♀, alt. 162 m, 20.VI.2022, S. Tomura leg., Beating: dead leaves of Pandanus boninensis, ELKU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, North of C Line , 11.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide no. JP-174 ( ♂), JHP-118 ( ♂), ELKU • [ Nishijima Is.]: 1 ♂, em. 9.VIII.2013, 13–43, Host: nest of Puffinus pacificus , Y. Nasu leg., genitalia slide no. YN 1540, OMU • 1 ♀, same data, em. 12.VIII.2013, genitalia slide no. YN 1541, OMU • [ Chichijima Is.]: 2 ♂, Kopepe beach , 14.III.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, 14.VII.2024, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, Higashi-machi , 12–14.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., JP-140, JHP-349, ELKU • 1 ♀, Mt. Mikazuki-yama , SW, 13.VI.2023, J. - H. Park leg., JP-141, JHP-092, ELKU • 1 ♂, Nagasaki observatory , 14.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Kominato – Nakayama-toge , 10.III.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, Asahiyama , 11.VI.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, Chuosan , 11.VII.2024, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • [ Hahajima Is.]: 2 ♀, Minamizaki , 10–11.XI.2022, SW, J. - H. Park leg., JP-323, ELKU • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, same data, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂ 2 ♀, same locality, 15.III.2023, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, Y. Matsui, N. Katsube & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-142, JHP-093, ELKU • 2 ♂, same data, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • 2 ♂, same data, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same locality, Host coll. on 15.III.2023, Emrg. on 6.V.2023, Host: brown fungi, J. - H. Park leg., JP-129, JHP-084, ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, coll. on 15.III.2023, Emrg. on 31.III.2023, J. - H. Park leg., JP-132, JHP-087, ELKU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same locality, 14.VI.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., ELKU • 1 ♀, same data, museum ID ELKU -IL Bonin 000183 , ELKU • 1 ♂, Funakiyama , 24.VI.2022, S. Tomura leg., Beating: dead leaves of Livistona chinensis var. boninensis or Pandanus boninensis , JP-178, JHP-348, ELKU • 1 ♂, Funamidai , 21.VI.2022, S. Tomura leg., Beating: dead leaves of Livistona chinensis var. boninensis or Pandanus boninensis , ELKU • 1 ♀, Chokiyama , alt. 196 m, 22.VI.2022, LT, S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, S. Tomura & M. Kimura leg., JHP-280, ELKU -I-L-Bonin 00075 , ELKU • [ Mukohjima Is. ]: 1 ♀, 15.VI.2023, daytime search, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU • 2 ♀, same data, SW, S. Yagi leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, T. Hirowatari leg., JHP-106, ELKU • 1 ♀, same locality, 16.VII.2024, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU • [ Hirajima Is. ]: 3 ♂, alt. 20 m, 23.IX.2023, daytime search, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU • 1 ♂, same data, JP-371, JHP-211, ELKU • [ Meijima Is. ]: 1 ♂, 16.VI.2023, daytime search, Y. Matsui leg., ELKU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data, S. Yagi leg., SW, JHP-212 ( ♂), ELKU .

Diagnosis.

The new species is similar to E. aspera ( Clarke, 1986) , E. celestra ( Clarke, 1986) , and E. incongrua ( Clarke, 1986) , but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the forewing has three black to brown spots at the costal margin, and the ground color is ocherous and clearly paler than that of other species in females; the valva is broad and the saccus is short in the male genitalia (the valva small and the saccus is relatively long in other related species). The female genitalia of this species are also similar to those of E. trigonosema , but it can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the ductus bursae lacks sclerotization, the corpus bursae is weakly sclerotized at the posterior 1 / 5 (the ductus bursae sclerotized and with dense small spines, and the corpus bursae is weakly sclerotized at the posterior 2 / 5 in E. trigonosema ).

Description.

Adults. Male. (Figs 9 , 19 , 48 ) Forewing length 5.5 mm, antenna length 5.0 mm in holotype. Forewing length 4.2–5.8 mm ( n = 9), antenna length 3.9–4.4 ( n = 4) in paratypes. Head. Vertex ocherous white, frons cream. Labial palpus cream; second palpomere with robust brush, outer surface dark brown, with few black bristles; Antenna filiform, brown, notch absent; flagellum with seven or eight cream bands. Thorax. Mesonotum and tegula dark brown. Foreleg dark gray, inner surface ocherous gray. Midleg cream; outer surface of tibia, and basal 1 / 3, middle, and subapical area of tarsus dark gray. Hindleg cream, outer surface dark gray; tibia bearing with long hairs; distal end of each tarsomere with cream ring. Forewing venation with Sc, R 1–3 and R 4 + 5, M 1 and M 2 + 3, CuA 1–2 and CuP, 1 A + 2 A present; R 1 from basal 1 / 3 of discal cell to apical 2 / 5 of costa; 1 A fused with 2 A from basal 1 / 3 to end; chorda well developed. Apex of forewing upturned. Forewing ground color brown, with black and ocherous white spots; costal margin with three trapezoidal black spots at base, basal 1 / 3 and 2 / 3; tornus with a small narrow ocherous white spot; apex with a black dot bordered by ocherous white lines on the front and back and formed into eye spot; cilia black at apex, cream at subapical area; outer margin fuscous brown. Hindwing venation with Sc + R 1, Rs, M 1–3, CuA 1–2 and CuP, 1 A + 2 A, 3 A present; M 1 and M 2 stalked at basal 1 / 5 of wing; frenulum a single slender bristle. Hindwing gray, cilia gray. Abdomen. Covered with gray scales.

Female. (Figs 10 , 20 , 49 ) Forewing length 4.7–5.7 ( n = 6) antenna length 3.3–3.8 mm ( n = 3) in paratypes. Almost same as male but body ground color relatively light; head ocherous white, frons cream; thorax and tegula ocherous white, brown basally; forewing ground color ocherous, with dark brown spots.

Male genitalia. (Fig. 32 ) Uncus broad, a pair of membranous lobes, apical area with a few bristles. Tegumen fused with vinculum, formed into ring. Vinculum ~ 2 × length of tegumen; saccus narrow, semicircular. Valva broad blade-shaped; ventral margin gently curved toward apex with long bristles; basicostal process absent, costa convex, with short dense spines. Juxta is a strongly sclerotized pouch. Phallus thick, cylindrical, weakly curved, 1.2 × length of valva; vesica with one pair of claw-shaped cornuti and with many small spicular cornuti.

Female genitalia. (Fig. 40 ) Ovipositor 2.5 × length of segment VIII; papillae analis sharp, with a few bristles; apophysis anterioris relatively thick, 0.7 × length of apophysis posterioris. Segment VIII broad rectangular, posterior margin with ~ 20 bristles; tergum VIII with dorsal rami fused with apophysis anterioris; ostium sclerotized funnel-shaped with dense small spines, located at anterior margin of sternum VIII. Ductus bursae tubular, 1.5 × length of corpus bursae, gently broad toward corpus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, posterior 1 / 4 slightly twisted and sclerotized; signum absent.

Distribution.

Japan (Mukojima Is., Nakodojima Is., Ototojima Is., Anijima Is., Nishijima Is., Chichijima Is., Hahajima Is., Mukohjima Is., Meijima Is., Hirajima Is.).

Biology.

One specimen has emerged from Ganoderma orbiforme (Fr.) Ryvarden (2000) ( Polyporales : Ganodermataceae ). This species has also been obtained from nests of Puffinus pacificus ( Gmelin, 1789) ( Nasu et al. 2014) . Adults have been collected from Ogasawara Islands in March, June, July, September, and November.

Etymology.

The name of the new species is derived from the Latin nidum (nests) + incola (to inhabit), referring to where this species was first discovered, i. e., in the nest of Puffinus pacificus .

DNA analyses

(Fig. 51 , Suppl. material 2). The intraspecific pairwise distances of this species were 0.46 % – 4.71 % ( n = 13) (Suppl. material 2). Thirteen samples were used in this analysis, and all of them were unique haplotypes.

Remarks.

This species is endemic to Ogasawara Islands. During this study, many specimens of this species were collected by beating dead leaves of Livistona chinensis var. boninensis ( Arecaceae ) or Pandanus boninensis ( Pandanaceae ). This species is the same as Erechthias sp. , which was recorded by Nasu et al. (2014) from a nest of Puffinus pacificus .

Figures

Figure 51. Maximum likelihood trees of Erechthias spp. from Ogasawara islands and haplotype networks of E. nidumicola sp. nov., E. flavimacula sp. nov. and E. itoi. Branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree are proportional to the genetic distances and the scale bar indicated 0.05 substitutions / site. Highlights in the phylogenetic tree and haplotype colors in the network correspond to sampling sites on the phylogenetic tree (Blue: Chichijima Islands; Red: Hahajima Islands; Yellow: Mukojima Islands; Pink: Iwoto Islands; Green: Izu islands; Gray: British Indian Ocean Territory). The number near the node is the bootstrap value (ML / MP). Nodes annotated by “ — ” indicate a mismatch in the topology between the ML and MP methods. The sizes of the circles are proportionate to the numbers of specimens sharing a particular haplotype. The arrow marks and “ % ” numbers are indicated to the genetic distances between each haplotype groups.

Figure 52. Distribution map of Erechthias spp. a. Location of the Ogasawara Islands; b. Detail of the Ogasawara Islands; c. Detail of the Mukojima Islands; d. Detail of the Chichijima Islands; e. Detail of the Hahajima Islands.

Figures 9–16. Adults. 9. Erechthais nidumicola sp. nov., male, holotype, JP- 310; 10. Ditto, female, paratype, museum ID ELKU - I-L- 000183; 11. E. oculus sp. nov., male, holotype, genitalia slide no. JP- 128; 12. Ditto, female, paratype, ELKU - I-L- 000184; 13. E. flavimacula sp. nov., male, holotype, JP- 325; 14. Ditto, male, paratype, DNA sample JHP- 206; 15. Ditto, female, paratype, ELKU - I-L- 000185; 16. Ditto, female, paratype, ELKU - I-L- 000186. Scale bars: 8.0 mm.

Figures 17–24. Wing venations. 17. Erechthias mirabilis sp. nov., male; 18. Ditto, female; 19. E. nidumicola sp. nov., male; 20. Ditto, female; 21. E. oculus sp. nov., male; 22. Ditto, female; 23. E. flavimacula sp. nov., male; 24. Ditto, female. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figures 31–34. Male genitalia. 31. Erechthias mirabilis sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. JP- 312; 31 a. Overview except phallus; 31 b, 31 c. Phallus; 32. E. nidumicola sp. nov., holotype, JP- 310; 32 a. Overview except phallus; 32 b, 32 c. Phallus; 33. E. oculus sp. nov., holotype, JP- 128; 33 a. Overview except phallus; 33 b, 33 c. Phallus; 24 a. E. flavimacula sp. nov., holotype, JP- 325; 24 a. Overview except phallus; 24 b, 24 c. Phallus. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (31 a, 31 b, 32 a, 32 b, 33 a, 33 b, 34 a, 34 b), 0.1 mm (31 c, 32 c, 33 c), 0.05 mm (34 c).

Figures 39–42. Female genitalia. 39. Erechthias mirabilis sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. JP- 018; 39 a. Segment VIII; 40. E. nidumicola sp. nov., paratype, JP- 141; 40 a. Segment VIII; 41. E. oculus sp. nov., paratype, JP- 317; 41 a. Segment VIII; 42. E. flavimacula sp. nov., paratype, JP- 131; 42 a. Segment VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (39–42), 0.3 mm (39 a – 42 a).

Figures 43–50. Resting position. 43. Erechthias itoi Moriuti & Kadohara, 1994, male; 44. Ditto, female; 45. E. zebrina (Butler, 1881); 46. E. minuscula (Walsingham, 1897); 47. E. mirabilis sp. nov., female; 48. E. nidumicola sp. nov. male; 49. Ditto, female; 50. E. flavimacula sp. nov.