Ciminius Metcalf and Bruner, 1936

Alasmar, Luísa, Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro, 2025, Morphological-based phylogeny and revision of Ciminius Metcalf and Bruner, 1936 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83, pp. 231-285 : 231-285

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.83.e143754
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2C2A766C-E116-4A92-BB21-9181422D9122
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15693539
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treatment provided by	Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny by Pensoft
scientific name	Ciminius Metcalf and Bruner, 1936
status

Treatment

3.1. 1. Ciminius Metcalf and Bruner, 1936 View in CoL

Figures 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10 , 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13 , 14 View Figure 14 , 15 View Figure 15 , 16 View Figure 16 , 17 View Figure 17 , 18 View Figure 18 , 19 View Figure 19 , 20 View Figure 20 , 21 View Figure 21 , 22 View Figure 22 , 23 View Figure 23 , 24 View Figure 24 , 25 View Figure 25 , 26 View Figure 26 , 27 View Figure 27 , 28 View Figure 28 , 29 View Figure 29 , 30 View Figure 30 , 50 View Figure 50 , 51 View Figure 51

Type species.

Tettigonia hartii Ball, 1901: 6 , by original designation.

Diagnosis.

Small sharpshooters, from 3.2 to 5.7 mm in length. Overall coloration pale-yellow (Figs 2 A View Figure 2 , 4 A, B View Figure 4 , 5 A, B View Figure 5 , 8 A, B View Figure 8 ), brown (Figs 1 A, B View Figure 1 , 2 C View Figure 2 ) or black (Figs 2 E View Figure 2 , 6 A, B View Figure 6 ), rarely reddish (Figs 23 A View Figure 23 , 30 C View Figure 30 ), with pair of blackened spots behind ocelli (Figs 1 A View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 ). Forewing (Fig. 1 B View Figure 1 ) with only two anteapical cells, the outer one opened basally (Fig. 41 H View Figure 41 ); with anteapical plexus of veins (Fig. 41 J, K View Figure 41 ). Male genitalia with the stem of connective (Figs 1 I View Figure 1 , 6 I View Figure 6 , 8 I View Figure 8 ) keeled and occurring as a separate sclerite, articulated anteriorly with connective arms and posteriorly with paraphysis arms. Aedeagus – anal tube connection with a lobate membrane (Fig. 44 L View Figure 44 ). Aedeagus (Figs 1 G, H View Figure 1 , 6 G, H View Figure 6 , 8 G, H View Figure 8 ) symmetrical, with shaft expanded dorsally; ventral margin often bearing serrated processes; apex rounded and often expanded, forming a hood-like structure. Paraphysis (Figs 1 I, J View Figure 1 , 6 I, J View Figure 6 , 8 I, J View Figure 8 ) ramus long and slender, rectilinear or curved, articulated with a pair of parallel arms.

Description.

Coloration: Overall coloration (Figs 1 A – C View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 6 A – C View Figure 6 , 18 View Figure 18 , 23 View Figure 23 ) from pale-yellow to brown, reddish or black. Crown (Figs 1 A View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 , 6 A View Figure 6 , 18 A View Figure 18 , 23 A View Figure 23 ), in dorsal view, with contrasting areas. Face (Figs 1 C View Figure 1 , 2 B, D, F View Figure 2 , 6 C View Figure 6 , 18 B View Figure 18 , 23 B View Figure 23 ) with paler bands between eyes and frontogenal suture, muscular impressions distinct. Clypeus, gena and lorum as in overall coloration or paler. Pronotum (Figs 1 A View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 , 6 A View Figure 6 , 18 A View Figure 18 , 23 A View Figure 23 ), in dorsal view, anterior third with distinct paler marks and darkened arched or semi-arched maculae, with posterior third smoky paler, or entirely blackened. Mesonotum (Figs 1 A View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 , 6 A View Figure 6 , 18 A View Figure 18 , 23 A View Figure 23 ), in dorsal view, yellow, usually with pair of darkened triangular maculae laterally, pair of darkened rounded maculae medially, yellow or black posteriorly to transverse sulcus. Forewing veins (Figs 1 A, B View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 , 6 A View Figure 6 , 18 A View Figure 18 , 23 A View Figure 23 ) distinctly paler or indistinct. Abdomen (Figs 4 B View Figure 4 , 15 A, B View Figure 15 , 24 A, B View Figure 24 ), in lateral view, entirely yellow, black, reddish or yellowish ventrally and darkened dorsally. Legs (Figs 1 B View Figure 1 , 2 B, D, F View Figure 2 , 6 C View Figure 6 , 18 B View Figure 18 , 23 B View Figure 23 ) yellowish, metasternum usually darkened. — Head and thorax: (Figs 1 A View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E, G View Figure 2 , 6 A View Figure 6 ). Crown, in dorsal view, from slightly to moderately produced; anterior margin from broadly rounded to subtriangular, without concavities between ocelli; surface with texture slightly punctate, without fovea between eyes and ocelli, without carina on transition from crown to face. Median length of crown from 1 / 6 to 1 / 4 of transocular width, and from 2 / 7 to 1 / 2 of intraocular width. Ocelli located slightly before or aligned to imaginary line between anterior eye angles, slightly closer to adjacent eye angle than to median line. Frontogenal suture extending to crown, attaining ocelli. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant; in lateral view, slightly curved and oblique, not carinated. Frons, in lateral view, slightly oblique, not inflated medially; in frontal view, texture slightly punctate, muscular impressions distinct; epistomal suture complete. Clypeus, in frontal view, with apical margin rounded; in lateral view, continuing frons contour, without pubescence; Pronotum, in dorsal view, with width equivalent or slightly greater than transocular width, texture slightly rugose, without pubescence; in lateral view, dorsopleural carina complete or incomplete; in dorsal view, slightly rugose transversely anterior to transversal sulcus and smooth posteriorly. Forewing (Figs 1 A, B View Figure 1 , 2 A, C, E View Figure 2 , 6 A, B View Figure 6 , 8 A, B View Figure 8 ) opaque, without sculpting; membrane indistinct; veins distinct and elevated; with only two anteapical cells, of which the outer one is open basally; with four apical cells, fourth presenting a plexus of additional veins, with basis slightly more proximal to clavus apex; appendix narrow and extending almost to third apical cell. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2: 1: 0; first tarsomere shorter than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres, with two parallel longitudinal rows of small setae on plantar surface. Abdomen (Fig. 42 C View Figure 42 ) sternite II with pair of small triangular inner apodemes. Male terminalia: Pygofer (Figs 1 D View Figure 1 , 6 D View Figure 6 , 8 D View Figure 8 ), in lateral view, moderately produced, without processes; posterior margin from broadly to narrowly rounded; macrosetae distributed on entire disk; microsetae along posterior margin. Valve (Figs 1 E View Figure 1 , 6 E View Figure 6 , 8 E View Figure 8 ), in ventral view, transverse and slender, anterior and posterior margins subparallel; lateral margins rounded (Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 ) or acute (Fig. 6 E View Figure 6 ). Subgenital plate, in ventral view (Figs 1 E View Figure 1 , 6 E View Figure 6 , 8 E View Figure 8 ), not fused to its counterpart, triangular, narrowing gradually towards apex; outer margin with uniseriate row of macrosetae and microsetae on apical third; in lateral view (Figs 1 D View Figure 1 , 6 D View Figure 6 , 8 D View Figure 8 ), attaining or slightly surpassing half of pygofer. Style (Figs 1 F View Figure 1 , 6 F View Figure 6 , 8 F View Figure 8 ), in dorsal view, extending posteriorly as far as connective apex; with or without preapical lobe, apex distinctly sclerotized and truncated. Connective (Figs 1 F View Figure 1 , 6 F View Figure 6 , 8 F View Figure 8 ), in dorsal view, u-shaped; arms as long as wide. Stem of connective (Figs 1 I View Figure 1 , 6 I View Figure 6 , 8 I View Figure 8 ) keeled, occurring as a separate sclerite, connecting anteriorly to connective and posteriorly to paraphysis arms, not well sclerotized. Aedeagus – anal tube connection, with a lobated membrane (Fig. 44 L View Figure 44 ). Aedeagus (Figs 1 G View Figure 1 , 6 G View Figure 6 , 8 G View Figure 8 ), symmetrical; directed posteroventrally; shaft from slightly protuberant to strongly protuberant, rarely forming lobate process on dorsal margin; ventral margin bearing or not serrated processes preapically, medially or along entire margin; apex rounded, often expanded forming a hood-like structure; in caudoventral view (Figs 1 H View Figure 1 , 6 H View Figure 6 , 8 H View Figure 8 ), often compressed, apex rounded, opened medially as the gonopore exit. Paraphysis (Figs 1 I View Figure 1 , 6 I View Figure 6 , 8 I View Figure 8 ), in lateral view, with pair of symmetrical short arms directed dorsally; articulated with a long slender ramus directed posterodorsally or posteroventrally; curved or rectilinear; bearing or not a conspicuously preapical constriction on ventral margin; apex (Figs 1 I, J View Figure 1 , 6 I, J View Figure 6 , 8 I, J View Figure 8 ) acute or subacute. — Female terminalia: Sternite VII (Figs 3 A, C View Figure 3 , 7 A, C View Figure 7 , 9 A, C View Figure 9 ), in ventral view, from 1.6 to 2.2 × wider than long; lateral margins subparallel, slightly rounded posteriorly; posterior margin with an acute, truncate or rounded median lobe, from nearly indistinct to strongly distinctly, on either side of which is often shallowly excavated. Pygofer (Figs 3 B View Figure 3 , 7 B View Figure 7 , 9 B View Figure 9 ), in lateral view, moderately produced, posterior margin rounded; macrosetae distributed along ventral and posterior margins. First valvifer (Figs 3 D View Figure 3 , 7 D View Figure 7 , 9 D View Figure 9 ) wide, broadly rounded. Valvula I (Figs 3 D, E View Figure 3 , 7 View Figure 7 , E, 9 D, E) broad, almost straight; dorsal sculpted area strigate, extending from basal portion to apex; ventral sculpted area restricted to apical portion, scale-like. Valvula II (Figs 3 F – H View Figure 3 , 7 F – H View Figure 7 , 9 F – H View Figure 9 ) expanded dorsally beyond basal curvature; dorsal and ventral margins rectilinear; blade with 12–18 continuous triangular or subtriangular teeth, with or without distinct gap on anterior margin of teeth and each tooth receiving one to three ducts; denticles distributed in posterior margin of teeth and on ventral and dorsal margins of apical portion; without preapical prominence on ventral margin. Gonoplac (Figs 3 I, J View Figure 3 , 7 I, J View Figure 7 , 9 I, J View Figure 9 ) narrow; expanded dorsally on apical half; outer surface with tiny denticuli on apical portion, apex rounded.

Remarks.

Ciminius specimens have resemblances in the male genitalia to Arcanus gen. nov. and Tylozygus , especially in the morphology of the connective, but Ciminius can be promptly differentiated from them and from all the Cicadellini by the forewing presenting only two anteapical cells, with the outer one opened basally, and with a plexus of veins anteapically. Amongst all the New World Cicadellini , only Ciminius and Hadria Metcalf and Bruner, 1936 presents two anteapical cells, but in the latter, both are opened basally. In addition, Hadria specimens present a bright colorful aspect and their distribution is restricted to Cuba, Haiti and Dominican Republic ( McKamey 2007).

Species of Ciminius Metcalf and Bruner.

The distribution is based on Young (1977), McKamey (2007), the Catálogo da Fauna Brasileira, and specimens deposited at DZUP:

C. albolineatus ( Taschenberg, 1884) . Argentina, Brazil (Goiás [new record], Mato Grosso [new record], Paraná [new record], Rondônia [new record], Roraima [new record], São Paulo), Bolívia, Cuba, El Salvador, French Guiana, Isle of Pines, Panama, Venezuela.

C. autumnalis sp. nov. Brazil (Paraná).

C. callosa ( Osborn, 1926) . Bolivia.

C. dissidens sp. nov. Brazil (Paraná).

C. hartii ( Ball, 1901) . Cuba, Mexico, United States (Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia).

C. platensis ( Berg, 1879) . Argentina, Brazil (Bahia [new record], Ceará [new record], Espírito Santo [new record], Mato Grosso do Sul [new record], Minas Gerais [new record], Paraná [new record], Pernambuco [new record], Piauí [new record], Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul [new record], São Paulo), Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

C. sesamum sp. nov. Brazil (Paraná).

C. sidanus ( Ball, 1936) . Mexico, United States (Arizona).

C. taosus ( Ball, 1936) . United States (New Mexico).

C. yana Young, 1977 . Argentina, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná [new record], Rondônia, São Paulo [new record]).