Afriodinia lico, Bayliss & Congdon & Richardson & Collins, 2022
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.4314/met.v33i1.4 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B841B483-24C3-42BF-AC64-07ED0E03CCB1 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15728586 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/16744746-FFF6-205E-0803-FA5B50A0F862 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Afriodinia lico |
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sp. nov. |
Afriodinia lico sp. nov. Bayliss, Congdon, Richardson, and Collins.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0660F272-0CD2-4BB2-90A5-58B2C0F54843
Genitalia dissection
Type material: Holotype ♂: ABRI-2018-4648 Mount Lico , Zambezia Province, Mozambique ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ), 15°47.538'S 37°21.783'E; 1000m asl, 15–16.v.2018; leg. J. Bayliss; ABRI GoogleMaps . Paratypes: 2 ♂ 8 ♀ Mount Lico, Zambezia Province, Mozambique. Same data.
Male genitalia of specimens were dissected and photographed. The abdomen tip was detached from the specimen and immersed in glass vials containing about 500 µl 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and heated to just below boiling point for 15 minutes. The samples were then transferred to a 70% ethanol solution to neutralise the alkali and cleaned under a stereomicroscope using a pair of micro forceps. Dissections were undertaken in glycerine using a binocular microscope, dissecting forceps, and a fine blade to detach parts of the structures. The entire structure was cleaned and the genitalia (aedeagus and valve) were detached and photographed whilst immersed in glycerine. To improve the depth of field for the images we used focus-stacking software provided with the microscope (Leica Application Software (LAS) Ver. 3.8.0). Images were then processed using Adobe® Photoshop® to remove extraneous material only.
Wing venation
In the description of the new species the wing venation terminology follows Larsen, 2005: 54 (Figs 19a & b).
Digital processing of images
Photographs and colour plates were edited in Adobe® Photoshop®. The accession numbers of photographed specimens are stated in the figure captions. For ABRI specimens the accession number is, for example, ABRI - 2022-0001.
Material examined
A full list of material examined appears in Table 1 View TABLE 1 (p. 42).
DNA sequencing
A single leg was removed from each selected specimen and submitted to the Natural History Museum (NHM), London, where three different overlapping primer pairs were used to amplify ~650 to 700 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene (including the “barcode” region). The samples worked with all primer sets and resulted in long sequences. As a result a Klee diagram of barcode pairwise differences (number of nucleotides different) for Afriodinia species using sequences listed in BOLD and the sequence for A. lico was also produced.
Acronyms and abbreviations
ABRI – African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
BOLD – Barcode Of Life Data system
NHMUK – Natural History Museum, London, UK
RESULTS
DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES
Description (Holotype): Wingspan: 30.8 cm. Forewing length: 17.2 mm. Antenna-wing ratio: 0.50.
Head: Upper side: antennae black narrowly ringed white, club tipped ginger brown, head black, frons white tinged brown. Underside: antennae as upper side, head black.
Thorax: Upper side: black. Underside: black with white markings, legs brown.
Abdomen: Upper side: black. Underside: white.
Wing surfaces: Upper side: Fore wing: apical band black reaching tornus, inner border rounded, an indistinct subapical white streak. Discal band white, broad. Basal area dark blue-grey. Hindwing: post discal area black containing two ocelli. Ocelli black with iridescent blue scaling, narrowly ringed in light brown. White discal area narrower than fore wing. Basal grey area greatly extended and reaching tornus. Tail black, bordered basally with white.
Underside: Fore wing: as upper side, white subapical streak larger and indistinctly bordered brown. Basal grey area darker than upper side and edged black. Hindwing: basal grey area, a diffuse brown band bordering, entering basal area in 4, making V-shape in 3, reaching inner margin in 1a. Basal area with brown sub-marginal markings in 1– 3. Ocelli more broadly ringed pale brown than upper side.
Male genitalia:
Uncus ( Fig. 3a View Figure 3 ): bilobed posteriad with a broad “ V ” shaped depression between lobes, posterior apex of lobes pointed, lateral edges rounded and the anterior edge slightly concave.
Gnathos ( Figs 3b & 3d View Figure 3 ): “U” shaped with arms almost parallel, lower arm significantly longer than upper arm, upper arm turning slightly dorsad at rounded extremity and lower arm pointed.
Valve ( Figs 3c & 3e View Figure 3 ): length 1.2 mm, posterior extremity taking form of a broad paddle narrowing towards body of valve, extremity of paddle flat, long dorsal crest with long thin point posteriad and broad point anteriad, body of valve tapering to a blunt point anteriad.
Tegumen curving sharply ventrad at posterior edge to meet uncus. Vinculum narrow long and straight, length 1.2 mm. Aedeagus ( Figs 4a & 4b View Figure 4 ): length 2.6 mm, narrow tip posteriad with a small projection without a hook on ventral side, body of aedeagus broadening to midpoint where vesica leaves sclerotised body on dorsal side, anterior half of body broadening slightly and curving dorsad, a rounded projection on dorsal side at anterior extremity ( Figs 4a & b View Figure 4 ; & Fig. 5a & b View Figure 5 ).
DNA barcodes:
Single specimens of Afriodinia lico and Afriodinia delicata delicata produced barcoded sequences on lengths 613 and 630 nucleotides respectively. The pairwise difference between these is 0.15%, which equates to one nucleotide difference ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ).
Sequences for single specimens of three further Afriodinia species are available in BOLD, gerontes , rutherfordii and rogersi . These show the two white banded species gerontes and rogersi to be almost equidistant from lico and delicata with pairwise differences of 35 and 38 base pairs respectively (5.3% and 5.8%). The blue banded species, rutherfordii , is more distant with pairwise difference 53 to 56 base pairs (8.1% to 8.5%) with respect to the four white banded species. This pattern of barcode differences is consistent with the differences in the facies.
Distribution:
Afriodinia lico is currently known from one site in Zambezia Province, Northern Mozambique – Mount Lico 15°47.538'S 37°21.783'E ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). So far it has not been found on other mountains in the area. This is also the first record of this genus for Mozambique.
Etymology:
Afriodinia lico is named after the mountain site at which it was discovered by J. Bayliss in May 2018 - Mount Lico in Zambezia Province in northern Mozambique.
Larval host plant:
No information, although as with other members of the genus it will probably be Maesa lanceolata ( Myrsinaceae ).
DIAGNOSIS
Afriodinia lico vs A. delicata
The major morphological differences between Afriodinia lico ( Figs 2 a & b View Figure 2 ) and A. delicata delicata ( Figs 2 e & f View Figure 2 ) from Mount Mulanje in Malawi ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ), the nearest population of Afriodinia , are the consistently larger subapical patch in the females, and the general basal markings which are much darker in the Lico population than in the Mulanje delicata population, particularly on the underside. In the female, the forewing subapical white bar is crisply defined and widest where it reaches the costa. In the other races this bar is usually rather diffuse, and if it reaches the costa at all, does not widen when it does so. Thus, in the female, on the forewing upper side, the white bar in the apical area is enlarged and wedge-shaped, broadest at the costa.
The males differ from A. delicata delicata in the forewing apical area, larger, with a less curved inner margin, and wider at the tornus. The basal blue-grey area is darker and more extensive, almost reaching the apical area at costa although it is similar to tanzania in this respect. On the hindwing, the basal area is larger and darker, reaching the ocelli. On the underside, the forewing post discal white area is reduced. The basal area is darker and more extensive. On the hindwing, the post discal area is reduced, the basal dark area is darker, more extensive and reaches the ocelli, as in delicata tanzania.
On the genitalia, the primary character that distinguishes Afriodinia lico from the other species is the form of the anterior extremity of the aedeagus, which is distinctly different in shape from the rest of the taxa examined ( Fig. 4 a&b View Figure 4 and Fig. 5 a&b View Figure 5 ). The secondary characters are:
x The narrowing of the apical “paddle” of the valve; more pronounced than in other species
x The unequal lengths of the two arms of the gnathos, the lower arm being longer. Note that delicata tanzania tends to this form as well.
x The shape of the uncus with a V shaped well between the two lobes.
x The width of the uncus, broad as in delicata tanzania as well.
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Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Papilionoidea |
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