Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961

Steenis, Jeroen van, van Zuijen, Menno P., Ricarte, Antonio, Marcos-García, M. Ángeles, Doczkal, Dieter, Ssymank, Axel & Mengual, Ximo, 2020, First records of Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961 from Europe and Platycheirus marokkanus Kassebeer, 1998 from Spain (Diptera: Syrphidae) together with additional records of Spanish Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803, Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (1), pp. 141-155 : 143-150

Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961

Distribution. Originally described from Algeria and Morocco ( Séguy, 1961). Recently recorded from Morocco ( Claussen, 1989; Claussen & Hauser, 1990). Dirickx (1994) also reported this species in the Mediterranean region of Morocco.

New to Europe and found in France, Portugal and Spain.

Material examined. Type series: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, “ Moyen At- las, Ifrane (Morocco), VI-[1]949”, “Museum Paris 1949 L. Chopard ” ; 1 ♂ “Setif, Algérie, coll. Théry ”, “Museum Paris, Algérie, Setif A. Théry 1902” ( MNHN). France : 2 ♀ ( MRL), Cevennes, Causse Blandas , 10 km SW Le Vigan, 43°54’56” N, 3°28’51” E, 800 m, 20-VIII-2014, M. Reemer ; 1 ♀ ( JSA), Languedoc-Roussillon, Prades, 144 Jeroen van Steenis et al .

Les Sauterelles, 42°34’15” N 2°24’49” E, 785 m, 12- VIII-2014, J. van Steenis; 1♀ ( JSA), Vernet les Bains, Col de Mantet , 42°28’50” N 2°18’53” E, 1765 m, 17- VIII-2014 , J. van Steenis; 3 ♂ ( SBH), Pyrenees, Vallée d’Eyne , 42˚28’05” N, 2˚05’17” E, 1650 m, 23-VII-2013 , S. Bot; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Pyrenees Orientales, Font Rocheu , 11-VII-1965 , J. v.d Vecht; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Pyrenees Oriental- es, Fillols , 10-VII-1965 , J. v.d. Vecht; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Vau- cluse, Carpentras VI-1953 , P.M.F. Verhoeff; 12 ♀ ( NBC), Vaucluse, Carpentras , 1–3-VIII-1953 , P.M.F. Verhoeff; Morocco: 2 ♀ ( NBC), Toubkal Massif, Oukaïmeden , 2500-2800 m, 2–8-VII-1977 , v. Oorschot, Houkes & Oosterbroek; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Arhbalou, 43 km S. Marrakech , route S513, 1000 m, 3–14-VII-1977 , v. Oorschot, Houkes & Oosterbroek; Portugal: 1 ♀ ( NBC), Doure, Resende , 16–19-VII-1953 , P.M.F. Verhoeff; 1 ♀ ( AET), Braga, Gilmonde, Barcelos , 41°29’02” N 8°46’00” W, 22-V-2012 , R. Andrade; Spain: 1 ♂ ( JSA), Albacete, Sierra de Alcaraz, Batán del Puerto , 38°34’ N 2°21’ W, 1200 m, 21-VI-2003 , J. van Steenis; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( JSA), 3 ♀ ( MZW), Sierra de Alcaraz, Puerto de las Crucetillas , 38°31’ N 2°26’ W, 1400 m, 21-VI-2003 , J. van Steenis & M.P. van Zuijen; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( MZW), Sierra de Alcaraz, Puerto de las Crucetillas , 38°32’ N, 2°24’ W, 1100 m, 21- VI-2003 , M.P. van Zuijen; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( JSA), 1♀ ( MZW), Sierra de Alcaraz, Puerto de las Crucetillas , 38°32’ N, 2°23’ W, 1000–1200 m, 22-VI-2003 , J. van Steenis & M.P. van Zuijen; 1 ♀ ( JSA), Sierra de Alcaraz, Cañada del Provencio , 38°31’ N 2°20’W, 1000 m, 22-VI-2003 , J. van Steenis; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Andalucía, Prado Llano , 23-VII-1980 ; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Andalucía, Prado Llano , 24-VII-1980 ; 1♀ ( NBC), Vadillo Castril, Sierra de Cazorla , 3-VIII-1980 ; 5 ♂ ( MRL), Andalucía, Sierra Nevada , 2 km N of Trevelez, 25-VI-2003 , M. Reemer; 1 ♂ ( MRL), Andalu- cía, Sierra Nevada, Trevélez , 37˚00’47” N, 3˚15’47” W, 1600 m, 10-VI-2019 , M. Reemer; 1 ♀ ( CEUA), Ávila, Becedas , 6-VII-1977 , M.A. Marcos-García; 2 ♂ ( ASW), 3 ♂, 1 ♀ ( DDG), Castilla la Mancha, Sierra de Alcaraz, Riópar , 38°30’17” N, 2°27’36” W, ca. 775 m, 14-VI-2003 , A. Ssymank & D. Doczkal; 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ASW), 5♂, 1♀ ( DDG), Sierra de Alcaraz, Espinares de León , 38°32’15” N, 2°24’18” W, ca. 1380 m, 14-VI-2003 , A. Ssymank & D. Doczkal; 3 ♀ ( CEUA), Ciudad Real, P.N. Cabañeros , respectively 20-V-2005, 5-VII-2005, 24-VIII-2005 , A. Ricarte; 3 ♂ ( NBC), Gerona, Ribas de Freser , 900 m, 25-VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Gerona, Ribas de Freser , 900 m, 26-VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 2 ♂ ( NBC), Gerona, Mollo , 1300 m, 17-VII-1970 ,

First records of Chrysotoxum volaticum from Europe and Platycheirus marokkanus from Spain 145

V.S. v.d. Goot; 2 ♂ ( NBC), Gerona , Ribas, Zariquiey ; 1 ♀ ( NBC), La Rioja, dal v Najerilla, S. of Najera , ca 10 km S. of Anguiano, 22-VII–10-VIII-1988 , P.J. v. Helsdingen; 2 ♀ ( NBC), Gerona , Ribas de Freser, 900 m, 21- VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Gerona , Ribas de Freser, 900 m, 25-VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Gerona , Mollo, 1300 m, 19-VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Gerona , Sant Ilari de Sacala, VIII-1969 , Serra; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Granada, Capileira , 22-VII-1969 , H. Over- beek; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Montseny , St Pere de Vilamajor, Sagar- ra ; 2 ♀ ( NBC), Guadalajara , Tierzo bei Mo [illegible]na, 1100 m, 11-VII-1977 , W. Schacht; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Guada- lajara, Tierzo bei M[illegible], 1100 m, 11-VII-1977 , W. Schacht; 2 ♂ ( NBC), Huesca , Torla, 1036 m, 8–26-VII-1974 , J. Wolschrijn; 1 ♀ ( MNCN), Huesca , San Juan de la Peña, 1220 m, Exp. Inst. de Entomología, 4-VIII-1943 , Chrysotoxum bicinctum (L, 1758) Peris Torres det. 1945; 1 ♂ ( MNCN) Jaén , Sierras de Segura, El Pardal, VI-1903 , Escalera; 1 ♂ ( CEUA), León , Valdetejas, 1200 m, 13-VII-1977 , M.A. Marcos-García; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Lerida , Alamacellas, Zariquiey ; 1♂ ( MNCN), Madrid , Escorial , Colección Lauffer , Chrysotoxum bicinctum L, det Strobl; Escorial, VIII-1905 , Mercet, Chrysotoxum bicinctum L, Gil Collado det; 1 ♀ ( CEUA), Salamanca , Béjar, 5-VII-1978 , Carmen Calvo; 3 ♂ ( CEUA), Fresnedoso , 3-VII-1978 , Gonzalo Llorente; 1♂ ( CEUA), Palomares-Béjar , 10-VII-1978 , Gonzalo Llorente; 1 ♂ ( CEUA), Porteros , 14-VI-1981 , M. Portillo, Th. villosa ; 1 ♂ ( CEUA), Valle- josa de Riofrío , 15-VI-1979 , Gonzalo Llorente; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Nuria , 1800–2000 m, 22-VII-1970 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( MNCN), Segovia , San Ildefonso, VII-1906 , Escalera; 1 ♀ ( CEUA), Valencia , Chelva, 7–21-VI-1994 , C. Pérez-Bañón; 1 ♀ ( CEUA), Requena , 22-VI-1994 , C. Pérez-Bañón; 1 ♂, Utiel , 7-VI-1994 , C. Pérez-Bañón; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Sierra Alta , 1600–1800 m, 26-VII-1965 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( CEUA), Santander , Vada, 22-VI-1987 , M.A. Marcos García (34); 1 ♂ ( NBC), Tarrago- na, Prades , 900 m, 1–10-VII-1967 , H. & T. v. Oorschot, J. & M. Lourens; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Teruel , Sra de Albarracín, Noguera, 1600 m, 12-VII-1977 , W. Schacht; 1 ♂ ( NBC), Teruel , Sierra de Albarracín, Noguera, 1600 m, 3–6-VIII-1980 , W. Schacht; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Bronemales ; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Aguas Amarguas, 1620 m, 21-VII-1965 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 3 ♀ ( NBC), 24-VII-1965 ; 2 ♀ ( NBC), 29- VII-1965 ; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Sierra Alta, 1600–1800 m, 26-VII-1965 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 3 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Pajar- es, 1000 m, 20-VII-1972 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Puerto de Pajares, 1350–1700 m, 21-VII-1972 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 3 ♀ ( NBC), 22-VII-1972 ; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Santa Croche, 1150 m, 5-VIII-1965 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Santa Croche, 1150 m, 5-VIII-1965 , V.S. v.d. Goot; 1 ♀ ( NBC), Teruel , Sierra de Al- barracín, Nogueta, 1600 m, 3–6-VIII-1980 , W. Schacht; 2 ♀ ( CEUA), Jaén, P.N. Cazorla , Coto Ríos, Llanos de Arance, 38º03’12.1” N, 02º50’10.6” E, 641 m, 13- VI-2019 , A. Ricarte (ZFMK-DIP-00067297, ZFMK- DIP-00067298); 1 ♂ ( CEUA), Jaén , Coto Ríos, meadow in riverbank opposite Fuente de la Pascuala camping site, 38º03’13” N, 2º50’09” E, 641 m, 29-V-2018 , E. Galante (ZFMK-DIP-00067299).

148 Jeroen van Steenis et al.

Remarks. This species is similar to Chrysotoxum bicinctum , differing by the characters mentioned in Table 1. See also Figs 3A–C, 4A–C, 4J–M.

Many Spanish specimens were collected while visiting flowers of Thapsia villosa L.

The Spanish examined material represents the first re- cord from Spain, including specimens previously identified as C. bicinctum from the provinces of Jaén, Madrid, Segovia (Gil Collado, 1930), Ávila, Cáceres, Salamanca ( Marcos-García 1986), Valencia ( Pérez-Bañón, 1995), Ciudad Real ( Ricarte 2008) and Huesca (MNCN specimen identified as C. bicinctum by Peris Torres), all of them now confirmed to belong to the species C. volaticum . All other records of C. bicinctum in Ricarte & Marcos-García (2017), which were not accessible to the authors of the present paper, must be regarded as doubtful until they are re-examined.

Genetics. Three specimens were successfully sequenced and the 5′–COI sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession numbers MT517826, MT517825, MT517824 for specimens ZFMK-DIP-00067297,...00067298, and...00067299 respectively). The obtained three DNA barcodes are identical. We compared our molecular data with two other DNA barcodes from specimens identified as C. volaticum from Morocco (Jeff H. Skevington, unpub. data), and the two Moroccan specimens have an uncorrected pairwise-distance of 0.017 –0.0185 (similarity of 98.3% and 98.15% respectively) with our specimens, and the uncorrected pairwise-distance between them is 0.00155 (99.845% similarity). The Barcode Index Number ( BIN) ( Ratnasingham & Hebert 2013) helps to assign individuals to presumptive species, called operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and they are good estimators of valid species, but there are cases of discordance between BINs and accepted species boundaries. For C. vol-

First records of Chrysotoxum volaticum from Europe and Platycheirus marokkanus from Spain 149 aticum there is the BIN BOLD:AAJ0967 (https://doi. org/10.5883/BOLD:AAJ0967), but individuals assigned to this BIN were identified to belong to 12 different mor- phological species, e.g., Chrysotoxum arcuatum (Linnaeus, 1758) , C. bicinctum , C. biguttatum Matsumura, 1911 , C. elegans Loew, 1841 , C. festivum (Linnaeus, 1758) , C. graciosum Violovitsh, 1975 , C. montanum Nedeljković & Vujić, 2015 , C. octomaculatum Curtis, 1837 , C. sapporense Matsumura, 1916 , C. vernale Loew, 1841 , C. verralli Collin, 1940 , and C. volaticum . This means that the algorithm that automatically assigns individuals to OTUs based on sequence variation in the COI DNA barcode region is not able to find enough differ- ences among the COI sequences of these species; in oth- er words, the intraspecific variation of this gene region overlaps with the interspecific variation among these 12 species.

The nearest-neighbour in BOLD systems (http://www. boldsystems.org) is C. orthostylum Nedeljković & Vu- jić, 2015 (with BIN BOLD:ADJ6446), but the p-distance within BOLD:AAJ0967 overlaps with the distance be- tween the two BINs: in other words, there is no barcoding gap between the members of BOLD:AAJ0967 and C. orthostylum .

Modification to existing keys

In the current identification keys (e.g., Speight et al. 2016; Bot & Van de Meutter, 2019) the following text should be added to separate Chrysotoxum bicinctum from C. volaticum :

5. Yellow fascia on tergum III as deep as those on tergum IV ............................................................... 6

– Yellow fascia on tergum III strongly reduced, absent to at most half the width of the fascia on tergum IV ...............................................................................5A

5A. Wing with large dark macula; radial cell R 1 completely darkened (usually blackish) and dark macula extending distinctly beyond the apex of this cell, almost reaching the apex of the wing and reaching costal border on about ½ of its length within cell R 2+3, dark wing macula usually apically clearly demarcated; scutellum almost completely yellow or with a dark-brown to black median fascia, at least basally in dorsal view broadly yellow; frontal prominence immediately above insertion of antennae yellow to brown-yellow, in some specimens blackish; genae below eyes and hypostomal bridge usually completely black or with dark brownish maculae on the sides, rarely partly yellow .................................. ....................... Chrysotoxum volaticum Séguy, 1961

– Dark macula on wing margin shorter, never reaching wing apex and usually leaving the apical area of the radial cell R 1 clear, if extending beyond the apex of R 1 not reaching the costal border of cell R 2+3; scutellum black with at most apex narrowly yellow, sometimes with small yellow macula or narrow yellow fascia, anterior part black (in extensively yellow coloured specimens sometimes also a yellow fascia along the anterior margin); frons immediately above lunule black to blackish-brown; genae below eyes with a black fascia and hypostomal bridge yellow, in dark specimens genae entirely black and hypostomal bridge brownish-black .............................................. ............... Chrysotoxum bicinctum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Additional records of species of Chrysotoxum from Spain