Brassica rapa subsp. rapa

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1964, Flora Europaea - Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press : 337

(b) Subsp. rapa :

(turnip), is cultivated for its tuberous taproot and sometimes occurs as an escape.

Another cultivated race is subsp. oleifera DC. (turnip rape), grown as a fodder crop; it differs from subsp. sylvestris in its larger, reddish-brown seeds, and non-tuberous taproot.