Thyanta (Thyanta) perditor (Fabricius)

Rider, D. A. & Chapin, J. B., 1991, Revision Of The Genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) I. South America, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 99, No. 1, pp. 1-77 : 7-10

Thyanta (Thyanta) perditor (Fabricius)

Figs. 1-15, Map 1

Cimex perditor Fabricius, 1794 : l 02; Fabricius, 1803: 163.

Pentatoma fascifera Palisot de Beauvois, 1817: 150 , fig. 8. (syn. by Dallas, 1851) Pentatoma collaris Westwood, 1837:40 . (syn. by Dallas, 1851) Cimex transversalis Herrich-Schii. ffer, 1841:66. (syn. by Dallas, 1851) Cimex dimidiatus Herrich-Schatfer, 1841 :fig. 629. (syn. by Dallas, 1851) Pentatoma dimidiatum: Herrich-Schatfer , 1844:94.

Euschistus perditor: Dallas, 1851:206 ; Walker, 1867:247.

Pentatoma (Mormidea) perditor: Guerin-Meneville, 1857:367 .

Thyanta perditor: Stal, 1862a:58 , Stal, 1862b: l 04; Stal, 1868:29; Stal, 1872:34; Uhler, 1872:399 (part); Uhler, 1876:289; Uhler, 1877:404 (part); Distant, 1880:66; Berg, 1884: 100; Distant, 1893:333; Lethierry and Severin, 1893: 148; Uhler, 1893:705; Uhler, 1894a:230 (part); Uhler, 1894b: 173; Distant, l 900b:432; Van Duzee, 1904: 52, 53 (part); Van Duzee, 1907:9; Kirkaldy, 1909:95; Banks, 1910:90; Zimmer, 1911: 14 (part); Barber, 1914: 523; Van Duzee, 1917:51-52; Barber, 1923:12; Blatchley, 1926: 113, 114-115 (part); Barber, 1939:292-293; Torre-Bueno, 1939: 230; Ruckes, 1957a:l, 20.

Euschistus fasciatus Walker, 1867:245 . (syn. by Stal, 1872) Euschistus adjunctor Walker, 1867:249 . (syn. by Stal, 1872)

Diagnosis. Transhumeral rubiginous band usually present; often tylus and vertex of head reddish.

Outer jugal margins sinuous, not parallel ( Fig. 2). Each humeral angle spinose, spine directed anterolaterad and protruding beyond adjacent corium by more than half width of eye; anterolateral pronotal margins not piceous, concave in dorsal view (Fig. l). Mesial comer of each pronotal cicatrice black. Each abdominal stemite with postspiracular black spot on each side. Both anterolateral and posterolateral angles of abdominal stemites usually piceous.

Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly convex, separated basally; posterior margins sinuous ( Fig. 13). Pygophoral opening subtended by semicircular impression; posterior margin of pygophore produced posterodorsad, in ventral and dorsal views convex medially with small medial V-shaped emargination ( Figs. 10, 11); posterior margin concave in lateral view ( Fig. 12).

Types. Fabricius (1794) described Cimex perditor from 2n and 255 without designating a holotype or paratypes. The a specimen labeled (a) "C: perditor " (b) " Thyanta perditor F." is designated lectotype. The remaining a and 222 are designated paralectotypes. They have the following label data: (a) " Thyanta perditor F." (a); (a) [green paper; no writing] (b) " Thyanta perditor F." (2); and (a) [green paper; no writing] (b) "2" (c) " Type " (d) " Thyanta perditor F." (2). All four specimens, which are housed in the Universetetes Zoologiske Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark), were examined.

Pentatomafascifera Palisot de Beauvais, P. collaris Westwood , Cimex transversalis Herrich-Schaffer , and C. dimidiatus Herrich-Schaffer were all placed as junior synonyms of T. perditor by Dallas (1851). The type specimens of Herrich-Schaffer are apparently no longer in existence, but the descriptions, including the figure of C. dimidiatus, agree reasonably well with T. perditor . The type specimens for P.fascifera and P. collaris were not examined.

Pentatoma fascifera was described from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Palisot de Beauvais, 1817). Although its description is rather short, it does not differ in any significant way from T. perditor . Also, T. perditoris the only species ofThyanta in the Dominican Republic that has distinctly spinose humeral angles.

Westwood (1837) described P. collaris from the island of St. Vincent in the West Indies. Its description fits T. perditor in all respects, and T. perditor is the only species of Thyanta with distinctly spinose humeral angles that occurs on St. Vincent.

Walker (186 7) described Euschistusfasciatus and E. adjunctor . Both ofthese species were placed as junior synonyms of T. perditor by Stal (1872). In neither case did Walker designate a holotype or paratypes, and it is difficult to ascertain how many specimens he examined. Euschistus fasciatus was described from at least two specimens, but only one syntype was located. It is here designated lectotype and has the following label data: (a) " Type " (b) "58.135 Mex. (Oajaca)" (c) "12. EUSCHISTUS FASCIATUS." [dorsal surface], "West Indies" [ventral surface] . Only one syntype of E. adjunctor was located. This specimen, labeled (a) "Type" (b) " Belize " [dorsal surface], "51 117" [ventral surface] (c) "39. EUSCHISTUS ADJUNCTOR." [dorsal surface], "O varius aut ochraceus, dense p" [ventral surface], is designated lectotype . Both lectotypes were examined and are typical specimens of T. perditor ; both are conserved at the British Museum of Natural History (London, England).

At one time Euschistus rubiginosus Dallas was considered a synonym of T. perditor . Rider (1986 a), however, examined the holotype and determined that it was a species of Euschistus and a senior synonym of E. incus Rolston.

Distribution. Thyanta perditor is the most widely distributed species in the genus, occurring from the southern United States to northern Argentina (Map 1).

Specimens examined. 167 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, BMNH, CAS, CELM, CU, DAR, DBT, EGER, FSCA, IIAS, LHR, QCAZ, SMEK, UCB, UNAM, UNCM, USNM. COLOMBIA: La Ceja , S. H . Antioquia: Bello ; Medellin Valley ; Sopetran ; Union. Cundinamarca: Silvania, 60 km SW Bogota . Magdalena: San Jeronimo ; Santa Marta . Tolima: 9 km NW Espinal . Valle def Cauca: Bitaco Valley, 1 km above Bitaco ; Buga ; Palmira ; Pance, 11 km S Cali ; 1 km W Yumbo . VENEZUELA: El Valle . Lara: Sarare . Monagas: 4 km S El Rosario . SURINAM: Paramaribo: Paramaribo . FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne: Macouria . ECUADOR: Bucay ; Coto Callao ; Juive ; Oriente Rio Negro ; Pallatanga . Cotopaxi: Pifo . Imbabura: Chachimbiro ; Ibarra . Morona-Santiago: Macas, Rio Upano . Napo: Baeza . Pichincha: Cugobambilla ; Diluriguin ; H. la Esperie ; Palmeras ; Pomasqui ; Puembo ; Pululahua ; Quito ; San Rafael ; Tandapi ; Valle de los . Tungurahua: Ambato Mulalillo . PERU: Valle Chanchamayo . Amazonas: Bagua Chica . Ayacucho: Huanta ; Rio Pampas . Cuzco: Macchupichu . Huanuco: 30 mi NE Huanuco ; Pozuzo ; Tingo Maria . Junin: Estancia Naranjal San Ramon . Lima: Barranca ; Lima . BOLIVIA: Prov. Sara ; Tropical . Chuquisaca: Monteagudo . Cochabamba : Prov. Chapare, Alto Palmar ; Prov. Chapare , Chapare ; Prov. Chapare, Christal-Mayu . La Paz: Coroico ; Yungas de La Paz . Santa Cruz : Prov. Ichilo, Buena Vista . BRAZIL: Warta PR . Ceara: Barbalha . Mato Grosso: 35 mi W Araguaia ; Independencia . Minas Gerais: Vi9 osa . Para: Almeirim, Sao Raimundo . Paraiia: 20 mi S Pato Branco . Siio Paulo: Barretos ; 10 mi S Guapara . ARGENTINA: Jujuy. Misiones . Salta: Campo Santos de Salta .

Comments. Only three species of the nominate subgenus occur in South America, T. perditor, T. rubicunda, and T. setigera . Thyanta setigera occurs only on the Galapagos Islands and can usually be recognized by the relatively short humeral spines that protrude beyond the base of the adjacent corium by less than the width of an eye. Thyanta rubicunda can be identified by the strong denticulations along the anterolateral pronotal margins, and usually by the absence of black markings on the anterolateral angle of each abdominal segment. In contrast, T. perditor has relatively longer humeral spines that protrude beyond the base of the adjacent corium by more than the width of an eye, has the pronotal denticulations reduced and restricted to the half nearest the head, and usually has the anterolateral angle of each abdominal segment marked with black.