Napochomorphus, Franz, 1980

Jałoszyński, Paweł, 2025, Africaphes gen. nov., a new genus of Stenichnini in Burundi and Rwanda (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), Zootaxa 5666 (2), pp. 262-278 : 271-275

Updated key to world genera of Stenichnini (excl. Napochomorphus , Neuraphomorphus , Psepharobius and Taphroscydmus )

1 Frons and vertex with elevated subtriangular median ‘platform’ covered with scale-like microsculpture and narrowing posteriorly...................................... Afroeudesis Franz [ Brazil, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, China, Nepal]

- Frons and vertex lacking subtriangular ‘platform’........................................................... 2

2 Pronotum deeply and rapidly constricted between base and middle, in dorsal view hourglass-shaped........................................................................................ Scydmepitoxis Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Pronotum not hourglass-shaped.......................................................................... 3

3 Pronotum with deep median longitudinal groove extending from near base to middle of pronotal disc........................................................................ Aenigmaphes Jałoszyński [ Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi]

- Pronotum lacking median longitudinal groove.............................................................. 4

4 Labial palps conspicuously elongate, each longer than mandible, palpomere 3 about ten times as long as broad at base.......................................................................... Bellendenker Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Labial palps shorter than mandibles, palpomere 3 at most 6 times as long as broad................................. 5

5 Pronotum at each side near posterior corner with one long erect penicillus composed of several setae.................................... Penicillidmus Jałoszyński [ Australia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, undescribed species in SE Asia]

- Pronotum lacking posterolateral penicilli.................................................................. 6

6 Each femoral clava dorsally with longitudinal groove bearing submedian oval glandular opening...................... 7

- Longitudinal groove and oval opening on each femur absent................................................... 8

7 Constriction between antennomeres 10 and 11 similar as that between all remaining flagellomeres; antennae conspicuously long and slender, nearly filiform............................ Loeblites Franz [ China, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia]

- Antennomere 11 sits tightly on apex of 10 without constriction; antennae not filiform................................... Syndicus Motschulsky [ Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]

8 Pair of basal elytral foveae connected anteriorly by inversely U-shaped groove extending onto elytral articulating lobe.......... Horaeomorphus L.W. Schaufuss [Himalayas, SE Asia, China, Japan, Taiwan, New Guinea, Australia, Fiji, Mauritius]

- Basal elytral pits, if present, not connected anteriorly by inversely U-shaped groove................................ 9

9 Occipital constriction conspicuously narrow, as narrow as <1/5 of head width across eyes, in dorsal view anteriorly delimited by posterolateral angulate projections of vertex and posteriorly by anterolateral subtriangular projections of occiput, and mesoventral process reaching middle of mesocoxae, clearly separated from short and narrow anterior metaventral process............................................................ Neuraphanax Reitter [ Colombia, Peru, Venezuela]

- Occipital constriction as wide as 1/4 of head width or wider, lacking anteriorly-directed subtriangular posterolateral projections, or, if small projections are present, then mesoventral process is posteriorly fused with metaventrite and separates mesocoxae on their entire length.................................................................................... 10

10 Mesoventral intermesocoxal process anteriorly with curved lateral arms forming massive trident-like structure................................................................................... Tridensius Jałoszyński [ Venezuela]

- Mesoventral process, if present, lacking anterolateral arms................................................... 11

11 Adcoxal region of prothoracic hypomeron forming conspicuous longitudinal elevation with anterior and posterior regions developed as subtriangular projecting lobes, with procoxal cavity situated on mesal surface of elevation; metaventrite with longitudinal groove along each lateral margin demarcating broad lateral area................................................................................................... Protoconnus Franz [Central and South America]

- Adcoxal regions of hypomera not strongly elevated, procoxal cavities situated on ventral surface of prosternum; metaventrite lacking lateral longitudinal grooves..................................................................... 12

12 At least antennomeres 10 and 11 tightly assembled, lacking constriction between them; head slightly to strongly transverse and flattened......................................................... Plaumanniola Costa Lima [South America]

- Antennomeres 10 and 11 with distinct constriction between them; head as long as broad or elongate, not flattened....... 13

13 Head in lateral view subtriangular, ventrally flattened, dorsally strongly convex and angulate, with the highest site above antennal fossae, strongly declining anterad and less strongly posterad.......................................... 14

- Head in lateral view rounded or subrectangular, not subtriangular.............................................. 17

14 Each lateral pronotal carina mesally accompanied by broad longitudinal impression with sharply marked mesal margin........................................................................... Siamitoides Jałoszyński [ Indonesia]

- Pronotum lacking sublateral longitudinal impressions....................................................... 15

15 Vertex, prosternum, mesoventrite, metaventrite behind mesocoxae and abdominal sternites all with small tufts and/or rosettes of bristles; lateral submental sulci present.................... Siamites Franz [ Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam]

- Body lacking tufts and rosettes of bristles; lateral submental sulci lacking....................................... 16

16 Maxillary palpomere 4 conspicuously slender, rod-like; mesoventral process posteriorly fused with metaventrite behind mesocoxal rests............................... Elacatophora L.W. Schaufuss [ India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand]

- Maxillary palpomere 4 subconical; mesoventral process posteriorly reaching about half of mesocoxal rests, not fused with metaventrite............................................................... Lophioderus Casey [N America]

17 Head in ventral view with inversely U-shaped, sharply marked and usually glossy impression on submental area............................................................ Himaloconnus Franz [ India, Japan, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand]

- Head in ventral view lacking U-shaped impression......................................................... 18

18 Anterior margin of prosternum only half as wide as posterior margin........ Sibylloconnus Jałoszyński [Dominican Rep.]

- Anterior margin of prosternum about as wide as posterior margin.............................................. 19

19 Outer region of each metacoxa hidden under posterolateral metaventral lobe..................................... 20

- Outer regions of metacoxae exposed..................................................................... 24

20 Metafemur in both sexes with ventral subtriangular tooth; metacoxae narrowly separated.................................................................................................. Homoconnus Sharp [C & S America]

- Metafemur in both sexes lacking ventral subtriangular tooth; metacoxae contiguous............................... 21

21 Mesocoxae separated by carinate mesoventral process....................................................... 22

- Mesocoxae not separated, mesoventral process lacking...................................................... 23

22 Pronotal base with two pairs of small pits, inner pair connected by transverse groove; lateral pronotal margin with conspicuously dense thick bristles; notosternal sutures complete; each elytron with one basal fovea; endophallus strongly asymmetrical....................................................................................... Delius Casey [ USA]

- Pronotal base lacking paired pits and transverse groove; lateral pronotal margin only with thin setae; notosternal sutures largely obliterated, marked only as short notches near anterior prothoracic margin; each elytron with two minute basal foveae; endophallus lightly sclerotized and symmetrical....................................................................................................... Leptocharis Reitter [ Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, Corsica, Sardinia, Spain]

23 Pronotum clearly broadest in front of middle; aedeagus with darkly sclerotized, complex and strongly asymmetrical endophallus....................................................................... Neladius Casey [ USA]

- Pronotum barrel-shaped, broadest near middle; endophallus lightly sclerotized and symmetrical............................................................................................... Turkocharis Jałoszyński [ Turkey]

24 Mesocoxae not separated by mesoventral process (low vestigial carina can be hidden between mesocoxae, but does not separate them)............................................................................................. 25

- Mesoventral process present and posteriorly reaching at least middle of mesocoxae, clearly separating at least their anterior halves............................................................................................. 31

25 Metacoxae clearly separated and occipital constriction in dorsal view nearly as narrow as half of vertex.................................................................................. Contreuconnus Jałoszyński [ Madagascar]

- Metacoxae contiguous or subcontiguous, in the latter case occipital constriction barely marked, about as wide as vertex.. 26

26 Width of occipital constriction in dorsal view subequal to width of head between eyes; tempora at most as long as eyes; hypomeral ridges absent; sides of pronotum lacking thick bristles.............................................. 27

- Occipital constriction distinctly narrower than frons between eyes; tempora longer than eyes; hypomeral ridges present; sides of pronotum with thick bristles......................................................................... 29

27 Tempora absent, eyes adjacent to occipital constriction; aedeagus in ventral view with symmetrical endophallus............................................................................ Austrostenichnus Franz [ New Caledonia]

- Tempora short but distinct, eyes not adjacent to occipital constriction; endophallus strongly asymmetrical.............. 28

28 Pronotum with antebasal transverse groove but lacking pits; basal elytral foveae absent; procoxal cavities narrowly open posteriorly; pronotum widest near anterior third and distinctly narrowing towards base; mandible with mesal preapical tooth...................................................................... Palaeoscydmaenus Franz [ Australia]

- Pronotum with antebasal transverse groove connecting outer antebasal pits; two shallow basal elytral foveae present; procoxal cavities closed posteriorly by overlapping postcoxal lobes of furcasternum and hypomeron; pronotum subequal in width in front of middle and at base, with shallow narrowing in posterior third; mandible lacking mesal preapical tooth................................................................................. Stenichnaphes Franz [ New Zealand]

29 Procoxal cavities posteriorly broadly open, posterolateral region of prosternum not forming process directed towards hypomeron.................................................................................................... Magellanoconnus Franz partim [ RSA, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador]

- Procoxal cavities posteriorly closed by overlapping postcoxal processes of prosternum and hypomeron................ 30

30 Pronotum with distinct sublateral carinae in posterior 1/5–1/4, base with one pair of small inner pits in middle region separated by narrow longitudinal wrinkle or carina, and with variously distinct lateral impressions adjacent to sublateral carinae; precoxal region of prosternum subequal in length to procoxal rests; minute but well developed mesoventral process and anterior metaventral process hidden between mesocoxae; metafemur in males with long ventral process........................................................................................... Spinosciacharis Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Pronotum without sublateral carinae, base with transverse groove (complete or disrupted in middle), in some species also with two pairs of pits; precoxal region of prosternum as long as only half length of procoxal rests; between mesocoxae no traces of mesoventral process and anterior metaventral process; metafemora in males unmodified....................................................... Heterotetramelus Franz [ Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia; possibly also New Zealand]

31 Mesoventral process between mesocoxae distinctly broadened and broadening with flat smooth asetose surface with sharp lateral margins, posteriorly touching conspicuously broad subtriangular anterior metaventral process with truncate apex; mesocoxal rests conspicuously deep and filled with dense setae............................................... 32

- Mesoventral process nearly parallel-sided or gradually broadening posterad, lacking flat asetose region between mesocoxae and posteriorly fused with metaventrite, if not fused, then anterior metaventral process minute, subquadrate, and mesocoxal rests not filled with dense setae............................................................................. 35

32 Pronotum lacking thick bristles on lateral margins; pronotal base with two broad submedian longitudinal carinulae separated by shallow median impression and with two pairs of shallow lateral pits............. Bicarinulodes Jałoszyński [ Venezuela]

- Pronotum with dense thick bristles on lateral margins; pronotal base with transverse groove and small paired pits, lacking longitudinal carinulae................................................................................ 33

33 Frons and vertex lacking median longitudinal impression; pronotal base lacking pair of outer pits outside transverse groove....................................................................... Meridaphes Jałoszyński [ Venezuela]

- Frons and vertex with median longitudinal impression; pronotal base with pair of outer pits outside transverse groove.... 34

34 Posterior margin of vertex distinctly angulate and convex anteriorly; pronotum broadest slightly behind middle, lacking sublateral carinae............................................... Stenichnoconnus Franz [ Suriname, Venezuela]

- Posterior margin of vertex weakly arcuate; pronotum broadest in front of middle, with distinct sublateral carinae....................................................................................... Pseudoraphes Franz [ Peru]

35 Mesoventral process posteriorly reaches about middle of mesocoxae, its tip not fused with metaventrite............... 36

- Mesoventral process either reaching (or nearly reaching) posterior margin of mesocoxae or together with anterior metaventral process forming continuous carina separating mesocoxae on entire length, at most with transverse groove marking fusion site .................................................................................................. 47

36 Metacoxae broadly separated; pronotum with median pair of short and nearly parallel longitudinal grooves and with sublateral carinae reaching middle of pronotum and conspicuously widely separated from lateral pronotal margins......................................................................................... Stenichnoteras Scott [ Seychelles]

- Metacoxae contiguous or subcontiguous; pronotum lacking median pair of longitudinal grooves, sublateral carinae absent.. .................................................................................................. 37

37 Procoxal cavities posteriorly broadly open, posterolateral region of prosternum not forming process directed towards hypomeron.................................................................................................... Magellanoconnus Franz partim [ RSA, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador]

- Procoxal cavities posteriorly closed by overlapping postcoxal processes of prosternum and hypomeron or very narrowly open, with narrow gap between these processes................................................................. 38

38 Pronotum lacking antebasal pits, grooves and impressions................................................... 39

- Pronotum with antebasal sculpture: pits, and/or transverse antebasal groove, and/or median longitudinal antebasal carina... .................................................................................................. 40

39 Occipital constriction only slightly narrower than head between eyes; pronotum with sinuate lateral margins, convex anteriorly and slightly concave posteriorly; elytral bases together about as wide as head and as pronotal base; each elytron with one basal fovea........................................................................... Catalinus Casey [ USA]

- Occipital constriction much narrower than head between eyes; pronotum with lateral margins convex on entire length; elytral bases together much narrower than head and much narrower than pronotal base; basal elytral foveae lacking............................................................................... Clepsydraphes Jałoszyński [ Madagascar]

40 Occipital constriction deep, much narrower than head between eyes; tempora in dorsal view subequal to or longer than eyes.................................................................. Neuraphoconnus Franz [ New Caledonia]

- Occipital constriction shallow, indistinctly narrower than head between eyes (or eyes absent); tempora in dorsal view much shorter than eyes (or eyes absent)....................................................................... 41

41 Each elytron with one clearly visible densely setose basal fovea..................................................... Neuraphes Thomson [all Europe, N Africa, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Nepal, Asian Russia, Asian Turkey]

- Basal elytral foveae, if present, not filled with dense setae.................................................... 42

42 Hypomeral ridge present.............................................................................. 43

- Hypomeral ridge absent............................................................................... 44

43 Lateral margins of pronotum with thick bristles; lateral pronotal edges present at least in posterior third; basal elytral fovea distinct.............. Scydmoraphes Reitter [all Europe, N Africa, Japan, Pakistan, Asian Russia, Asian Turkey, Canada]

- Lateral margins of pronotum with inconspicuous thin setae; lateral pronotal edges absent; basal elytral fovea vestigial, barely discernible.......................................................... Madagaphes Jałoszyński [ Madagascar]

44 Pronotum with paired antebasal pits or transverse band of many punctiform pits but without transverse antebasal groove; mandibles conspicuously narrow and slender, sickle-shaped, lacking preapical teeth, but often microserrate.................. Stenichnus Thomson [all Europe, N Africa, China, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Asian Russia, Taiwan, Asian Turkey, Uzbekistan, Canada, USA]

- Pronotum with transverse antebasal groove and one pair of outer antebasal pits or impressions; mandibles subtriangular and each with one preapical tooth.......................................................................... 45

45 Frons in both sexes with conspicuous broad impression; aedeagus with strongly asymmetrical endophallus and lacking parameres............................................................. Brachycepsis Brendel [ Canada, USA]

- Frons in both sexes convex or flattened, lacking conspicuous impression; aedeagus with symmetrical endophallus and with parameres.......................................................................................... 46

46 Lateral submental sulci posteriorly broadly separated, delimiting trapezoidal submental area................................................................................ Scydmaenilla King [ Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand]

- Lateral submental sulci posteriorly approximate, delimiting triangular submental area.................................................................................................. Zeanichnus Jałoszyński [ New Zealand]

47 Lateral submental sulci present......................................................................... 48

- Lateral submental sulci absent.......................................................................... 57

48 Outer antebasal pronotal pit connected with deep longitudinal lateral groove running along lateral pronotal margin and nearly reaching anterior pronotal margin............................................. Sinonichnus Jałoszyński [ China]

- Pronotal disc lacking lateral longitudinal grooves.......................................................... 49

49 Antennae with sharply delimited dimerous clubs............................. Nogunius Jałoszyński [ Japan, Taiwan]

- Antennae gradually broadened or with trimerous clubs...................................................... 50

50 Eyes anterior, situated much closer to mandibular bases than to occipital constriction.............................. 51

- Eyes posterior, situated closer to occipital constriction than to mandibular bases, or occupying entire area between antennal fossa and occiput.................................................................................... 53

51 Maxillary palpomere 3 at most as broad as scape; pronotal base with two pairs of pits; hypomeral ridges lacking; each elytron with two distinct basal foveae........................................ Africaphes Jałoszyński [ Burundi, Rwanda]

- Maxillary palpomere 3 conspicuously broadened, much broader than scape; pronotal base with transverse groove connecting one pair of pits or lacking pits and groove; hypomeral ridges present; basal elytral foveae vestigial, barely discernible even in transparent slides.................................................................................... 52

52 Lateral submental sulci strongly converging posterad; hypostomal ridges reaching posteriorly middle between mentum and posterior tentorial pits; pronotal base with transverse groove connecting one pair of pits; proximal protarsomeres in males conspicuously broadened and with dense cushion of setae on tarsomere 1.. Mexiconnus Jałoszyński [ Costa Rica, Mexico]

- Lateral submental sulci subparallel; hypostomal ridges reaching posterior tentorial pits; pronotal base lacking groove and pits; protarsi in males unmodified................................................. Palposcydmus Jałoszyński [ India]

53 Eyes conspicuously large, occupying entire area between antennal fossa and occiput; body strikingly stout, almost suboval.......................................... Obesoconnus Jałoszyński [ Thailand, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Mexico]

- Eyes small, not occupying entire length of head between antennal fossae and occiput; body slender................... 54

54 Lateral submental sulci posteriorly broadly separated, delimiting trapezoidal submental area............................... Alloraphes Franz [Caribbeans, Central & South America] & Stenichnodes Franz [ Chad, Kenya, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka] {possible synonyms}

- Lateral submental sulci posteriorly approximate, delimiting triangular submental area............................. 55

55 Lateral margins of pronotum with conspicuously dense thick erect bristles; hypomeral ridges complete; aedeagus with parameres........................................ Leptoderoides Croissandeau [ Israel, Lebanon, ‘Syria’, Turkey]

- Lateral margins of pronotum only with thin setae; hypomeral ridges absent; aedeagus without parameres.............. 56

56 Pronotum with three pairs of antebasal pits................................... Parascydmus Casey [ Canada, USA]

- Pronotum with two pairs of antebasal pits, inner pair separated by small median tubercle or wrinkle....................................................................................... Rutaraphes Jałoszyński [ Japan, Taiwan]

57 Metaventral intermetacoxal process composed of a pair of elongate (at least twice as long as broad) pointed spines...... 58

- Metaventral intermetacoxal process lacking pair of strongly elongate pointed spines adjacent mesally, at most with short median notch separating triangular lateral lobes not longer than wide................................................. 66

58 Pronotum elongate subtrapezoidal, broadest at base and strongly narrowing anterad......................................................... Napoconnus Franz [equatorial & subequatorial Africa, SE Asia, Nepal, Mauritius, S America]

- Pronotum rounded, broadest near middle or in front of middle, narrowing anterad and posterad...................... 59

59 Notosternal sutures complete.......................................................................... 60

- Notosternal sutures largely obliterated................................................................... 61

60 Pronotum broadest clearly in front of middle; aedeagus with symmetrical median lobe................................................................................... Oreoeudesis Franz [ Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania]

- Pronotum broadest near middle; aedeagus with strongly asymmetrical median lobe....... Schuelkelia Jałoszyński [ China]

61 Anterior prosternal margin strongly concave; frons in males modified, with projections and/or impressions................................................................................ Protandroconnus Franz [C & S America]

- Anterior prosternal margin straight; frons in males unmodified................................................ 62

62 Postcoxal prosternal process fused with postcoxal hypomeral process without trace of fusion site.................... 63

- Postcoxal prosternal process clearly demarcated from postcoxal hypomeral process............................... 64

63 Tempora shorter than eyes; pronotal base with antebasal transverse groove and one pair of longitudinally elongate lateral impressions close to lateral margins and not connected with groove, without sublateral carinae; each elytron with one distinct basal fovea................................................................. Perumicrus Jałoszyński [ Peru] - Tempora shorter than eyes; pronotal base without sublateral carinae, with transverse groove, without pits; each elytron with two vestigial basal foveae..................................................... Amimoscydmus Jałoszyński [ Brazil]

64 Inner regions of hypomera extremely narrow, barely discernible, so that procoxal cavities are nearly adjacent to hypomeral ridges; vestiges of notosternal sutures discernible only at anterior prosternal margin........ Mimoscydmus Franz [ Brazil]

- Inner regions of hypomera clearly separating procoxal cavities from hypomeral ridges; notosternal sutures obliterated in their middle regions, so that parts of sutures are discernible both at anterior prosternal margin and at procoxal cavity......... 65

65 Tempora n dorsal view much longer than eyes; inner region of hypomeron at most as wide as procoxal cavity and in postcoxal area divided by longitudinal carina........................................ Heteroscydmus Franz [ Bolivia, Brazil]

- Tempora n dorsal view at most as long as eyes (in most cases shorter); inner region of hypomeron much wider than procoxal cavity and not divided by longitudinal carina................... Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau [cosmopolitan]

66 Notosternal sutures entirely absent; anterior prosternal margin conspicuously deeply concave; in males frons with elevated median circular glandular ‘platform’ bearing median tuft of setae............. Trichocircus Jałoszyński [C & S America]

- Notosternal sutures complete or obliterated at middle length, and then their anterior and posterior portions discernible; anterior prosternal margin indistinctly concave or straight; in males frons lacking median circular glandular ‘platform’.......... 67

67 Precoxal region of prosternum clearly more than half as long as procoxal rests and at most 3 times as wide as long....... 68

- Precoxal region of prosternum at most half as long as procoxal rests, in many cases much shorter or even vestigial, 4 and more times as wide as long................................................................................. 72

68 Metacoxae widely or narrowly separated by distinct subtrapezoidal or subtriangular metaventral process.............. 69

- Metacoxae contiguous or almost contiguous.............................................................. 71

69 Pronotum with long median longitudinal carina; lateral pronotal edges present in posterior half.......................................................................................... Kangarooconnus Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Pronotum lacking median longitudinal carina and lacking lateral edges......................................... 70

70 Only short rod-like apical regions of parameres discernible; antennae gradually thickened; males with small setal penicillus inserted on cuticular papilla on apex of each elytron......................... Euconnomorphus Franz [ Bolivia, Peru]

- Rod-like parameres entirely separated from median lobe and discernible on entire length; antennae with sharply delimited trimerous or tetramerous clubs; elytral apices in males lacking papillae with penicilli........................................ Euconnus Thomson partim [mainly subgen. Borneoconnus Franz from Sabah, and a group of Sri Lankan species]

71 Body length over 2.5 mm; pronotum with paired antebasal pits, lacking transverse groove; posterior tentorial pits strongly elongate, slot-like.................................... Sciacharis Broun [ Australia, New Zealand, South America]

- Body length below 1 mm; pronotum with antebasal transverse groove, lacking paired pits; posterior tentorial pits punctiform............................................................................. Microraphes Franz [ Brazil]

72 Procoxal cavities posteriorly narrowly open (postcoxal processes of prosternum and hypomeron not overlapping); each elytron with distinct humeral denticle projecting anteriorly............................. Leascydmus Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Procoxal cavities posteriorly closed (postcoxal processes of prosternum and hypomeron overlapping); elytra lacking humeral denticles........................................................................................... 73

73 Aedeagus lacking parameres............................................. Parapseudoconnus Franz [S America]

- Aedeagus with parameres............................................................................. 74

74 Metacoxae clearly touching at middle.................................................................... 75

- Metacoxae at least slightly separated.................................................................... 76

75 Precoxal region of prosternum vestigial, barely discernible; parameres so broad that almost enclosing median lobe, in lateral view their basal halves as wide as median lobe.......................... Venezolanoconnus Franz [C & S America]

- Precoxal region of prosternum as long as half-length of procoxal rests, clearly visible in front of procoxae; parameres slender, rod-like.............................................................. Archiconnus Franz [C & S America]

76 Mesoventral process not developed in front of mesocoxae; entire hypomera densely setose up to procoxal cavities; hypomeral ridges entirely lacking.................................................. Scydmaenozila Jałoszyński [ Australia]

- Mesoventral process extending anteriorly far in front of mesocoxae, where it reaches procoxal rests on anterior region of mesoventrite; each hypomeron divided into setose outer region and asetose inner (adcoxal) region, in most cases demarcated by hypomeral ridge; or entire hypomera asetose................................................................. Euconnus Thomson partim [worldwide], Anhoraeomorphus Franz [ Madagascar], Noctophus Casey [ USA] {possible synonyms}