Edwardsiidae, Andres, 1881

Sanamyan, N. P., Sanamyan, K. E., Bocharova, E. S., Morozov, T. B. & Galkin, S. V., 2023, Sea anemones (Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia and Zoantharia) from the Western Bering Sea (Northwest Pacific), Invertebrate Zoology 20 (1), pp. 27-56 : 32

Edwardsiidae spp.

Fig. 2D–F .

MATERIAL. AMK-22-2321, 55.3716°N 167. 3133°E – 55.3633°N 167.3°E, depth 1490–1554 m, dredge, 25 specimens collected.

LV-75-17, 55.4527ºN 167.2653ºE, depth 2044 m, one specimen photographed; 55.4454ºN 167. 2627ºE, depth 1851 m, one specimen photographed. LV-75-21, 55.4839ºN 167.2582ºE, depth 2878 m, one specimen photographed; 55.4770ºN 167.2518ºE – 55.4733ºN 167.2527ºE, depth 2704– 2636 m, eight specimens photographed.

LV-82-9, 55.3466ºN 167.2752ºE – 55.3550ºN 167.2726ºE, depth 1933– 1611 m, four specimens photographed. LV-82-12, 60.8671ºN 174.3183ºE – 60.8723ºN 174.3104ºE, depth 506– 489 m, two specimens photographed; LV-82-13, 60.8298ºN 174. 3769ºE – 60.8388ºN 174.3689ºE, depth 677– 611 m, seven specimens photographed; LV-82-14, 61. 0958ºN 175.0119ºE – 61.1202ºN 174.9662ºE, depth 884– 660 m, 23 specimens photographed; LV-82- 15, 61.1430ºN 174.9285ºE – 61.1779ºN 174.8708ºE, depth 517– 417 m, 68 specimens photographed; LV-82-16, 61.1787ºN 174.8704ºE – 61.1899ºN 174. 8345ºE, depth 415– 356 m, about 1160 specimens photographed; LV-82-17, 61.1806ºN 174. 8508ºE – 61.1801ºN 174.8493ºE, depth 402– 400 m, 25 specimens photographed; LV-82-18, 61.1198ºN 174. 9638ºE – 61.1197ºN 174.9652ºE, depth 652–663 m, eight specimens photographed; LV-82-19, 61. 1539ºN 175.4492ºE – 61.1538ºN 175.4493ºE, depth 693 m, 16 specimens photographed; LV-82-20, 61. 1713ºN 174.8810ºE – 61.1727ºN 174.8781ºE, depth 430– 427 m, 23 specimens photographed; LV-82- 21, 60.8305ºN 174.3770ºE – 60.8343ºN 174. 3720ºE, depth 672– 660 m, five specimens photographed.

REMARKS. At least five other species of Edwardsiidae may be recognized in the photo and video files taken by ROV Comanche 18.

Four of them were photographed but not collect- ed on the Vulcanologov Massif. All four species are present on the northern slope of the Vulcanologov Massif and one of them is recorded also on the southern slope of the Piip Volcano. The latter species, photographed at 1611–1933 m, lives in mud, has pale-rose coloration, small oral disc and rather long not numerous (about 10) tentacles. Remaining three species were recorded deeper than 2000 m: two of them live in mud, both are white, one has up to 16 short tentacles, another about 30 long tentacles ( Fig. 2D ), and one species inhabits shallow crevices on the stones ( Fig. 2E ). The latter species has cylindrical column, scapus covered by periderm, short white scapulus and about 26 thin white tentacles.

Another species of Edwardsiidae was recorded on the Koryak slope at 356–884 m ( Fig. 2F ). The specimens are numerous (more than 1330 specimens seen on the photographs but not collected), live on muddy bottom. This species has about 16 thin long tentacles, tentacular crown up to 4 cm in diameter. Oral disc has eight dark spots arranged in a circle. The body is up to 5 mm in diameter, scapulus transparent with white strokes in upper part and dark-red rim. This species recorded in the background community around cold seep fields which included the sea pen Halipteris cf. willemoesi (Kölliker, 1880) with the commensal ophiuroid Asteronyx and the echinoid Brisaster latifrons (Agassiz, 1898) , and also in proximity of bacterial mats at cold seeps ( Krylova et al., 2018), but not recorded directly on the seeps and bacterial mats. However, most dense populations of these Edwardsiidae , up to 100 specimens per m 2, was recorded during the dive 16 (station LV-82-16) at 356–415 m in the settlement of dominated here sea anemone Sagartiogeton californicus , where cold seeps have not been found.

Figures

Fig. 2. A — Relicanthus cf. daphneae; B — Actinernus robustus; C — Edwardsia sp.; D–E — Edwardsiidae spp. from the Vulcanologov Massif; F — Edwardsiidae sp. from the Koryak slope; G — Dactylanthus sp.; H — Cribrinopsis sp.1; I — cf. Urticina sp.; J — Liponema brevicorne; K — Sicyonis denisovi; L — S. kuznetsovi. Рис. 2. A — Relicanthus cf. daphneae; B — Actinernus robustus; C — Edwardsia sp.; D–E — Edwardsiidae spp. на массиве Вулканологов; F — Edwardsiidae sp. на КорЯкском склоне; G — Dactylanthus sp.; H — Cribrinopsis sp.1; I — cf. Urticina sp.; J — Liponema brevicorne; K — Sicyonis denisovi; L — S. kuznetsovi.