Banara parviflora ( Asa Gray 1854: 73 ) Bentham (1861: 91)

Conceição, Lázaro Henrique Soares De Moraes, Marquete, Ronaldo, Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Caxambu, Marcelo Galeazzi & Temponi, Lívia Godinho, 2025, Salicaceae of Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 682 (1), pp. 51-67 : 54-56

1. Banara parviflora ( Asa Gray 1854: 73) Bentham (1861: 91) ( Fig. 2 a–c ; 4 a .)

Description: —Trees, shrubs 2–10 m; unarmed, branches slightly striate, brown to slightly grayish, glabrous, young branches rarely puberulent, lenticellate; stipules (1.5–)2–2.5 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, rarely falcate and narrowly triangular, internally glabrous to tomentose, externally glabrous, apex tomentose to villous in the external face, margin ciliate, glands absent in the margin. Leaves discolorous; petiole (4–) 6–12 mm long, cylindrical, slightly flattened and canaliculate in practically the whole extension, puberulent; blade (68–)70–107 × 20–34 mm, narrowly elliptic, rarely elliptic, apex acuminate, rarely acute, base cuneate to slightly oblique, margin serrate with glands abaxially, membranaceous to chartaceous, glabrous in both surfaces, translucent dots absent, actinodromus with 3–5 primary veins, primary and secondary veins prominent in both surfaces, glands at the base of the leaf blade absent. Inflorescence a panicle (36–) 44–78 mm long, main axis and ramifications pubescent to puberulent; bracts 1.5(–2) × 0.5(–1) mm, lanceolate, pubescent internally, tomentose externally; bracteoles less than 1 mm long, tomentose. Flowers bisexual; pedicels (1.5–) 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous, articulated near the base; sepals 3–4(–5), 1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, ovate, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, margin glabrous, apex tomentose, both faces glabrous; petals 3–4(–5), 1.5–2 × 1 mm, elliptic to oblong, ciliate, apex tomentose, both faces glabrous; stamens ca. 35, filaments ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, yellow, tortuous, anthers basifixed, rimose, glabrous, apical gland of the anther absent, lobes of the nectariferous disk absent; ovary ca. 1 × 0, 5 mm, ellipsoid, glabrous, superior, 3–4-carpelate, unilocular, ovules numerous, parietal placentation, style ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma very slightly 3–4-lobed, glabrous. Fruit a berry, 3–4 × 3–4 mm, spheroid, glabrous, greenish to yellow when unripe, orange to dark red when ripe, slightly laevigate, indehiscent, aril absent; seeds 2–4, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, blackish, longitudinally striate; embryo not observed.

Examined Material: — BRAZIL. PARANÁ: Borda do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Area 1, 25º11’2’’S, 53º52’20’’W, 12 December 2019, fl.,bt., L.H.S.M. Conceição et al. 215 (UNOP!) ; Ruta BR-277 cerca del Puesto de Peaje, Area 1, 7 January 2020, fr., A.M. Panizza & E.J. Hentz Junior 151 (EVB!) ; Cataratas do Iguaçu, Area 3, 10 February 1969, fr., G. Hatschbach 21114 (MBM!) ; Mirante das Cataratas (espaço Naipi) próx. ao elevador, Area 3, 25º41’27’’S, 54º26’12’’W, 15 February 2020, fr., L.H.S.M. Conceição et al. 256 (UNOP!) ; próximo às Cataratas do Iguaçu, Area 3, 25°41’27” S, 54°26’13” W, 13 December 2018, fr., M.G. Caxambu et al. 8806 (HCF!) ; trilha do Hidrômetro, Area 3, 25º41’27’’ S, 54º26’10’’ W, 16 January 2019, fr., C.R. Rauber et al. 280 (UNOP!) .

Distribution and habitat: — Banara parviflora is endemic to Brazil and is distributed in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions, reaching only the state of Bahia in the latter region. ( Sleumer 1980; Flora e Funga do Brasil 2024). In the ParNa Iguaçu it occurs in areas 1 and 3, in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and in Montane Ombrophilous Mixed Forest.

Phenology: —Collected with flowers from October to January and with fruits in January and February.

Diagnosis: — Banara parviflora is recognized by its glabrous leaves, terminal panicle and pubescent to puberulent branches, usually thinner than in B. tomentosa . Also, its flowers present tortuous filaments.

Preliminary Conservation Status: —This species has a wide distribution, EOO= 1,178.834 km ², as well as several records deposited in herbaria, including recent collections and confirmed occurrence in integral protection conservation units, this species is therefore assessed as Least Concern – LC (IUCN 2024).

Figures

FIGURE 2.A–C.Banara parviflora A.Branch with fruits, B. Detail of the fruits at different stagesof ripening, C.Detail of the indumentum of inflorescence branches. D–F. Banara tomentosa D. Panicle inflorescence, E. Detail of the fruits at different stages of ripening; F. Detail of the inflorescence branch indumentum. G–H. Casearia decandra G. Branch with ripe fruits, H. Detail of the translucent dots on the leaf blade. I. Casearia lasiophylla. Branch with fruits at different stages of ripening.

FIGURE 4. A. Banara parviflora Bisexual flower showing ovary and tortuous filaments. B–D. Casearia lasiophylla B. Branch with fascicle-like inflorescences, C. Bisexual flower in lateral view showing the ovary with pubescent stigma and clavate lobes of the nectariferous disk, D. Detail of the anther with a tuft of simple trichomes at the apex. E. Prockia crucis Branch with inflorescences. F–H. Xylosma venosa F. Branch with fascicle-like inflorescences, G. Leaf in top view with the four glands at the base, H. Pistillate flower in lateral view showing the petiole with articulation in the upper third region.