Banara tomentosa Clos (1857: 240)

Conceição, Lázaro Henrique Soares De Moraes, Marquete, Ronaldo, Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Caxambu, Marcelo Galeazzi & Temponi, Lívia Godinho, 2025, Salicaceae of Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 682 (1), pp. 51-67 : 56

2. Banara tomentosa Clos (1857: 240) ( Fig. 2 d–f )

Description: —Trees, treelets, rarely shrubs 4–8 m; unarmed, branches slightly striate, grayish to light brown, glabrous at the base and floccose by the apex, lenticellate; stipules 2.5–3 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, externally floccose, sometimes internally pubescent, glands in the margin present. Leaves discolorous; petiole 5–11 mm long, cylindrical, slightly flattened and slightly canaliculate in the lower third, floccose; blade (56–)61–115 × 22–48 mm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, rarely obovate, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate, slightly oblique to oblique, rarely obtuse, margin serrate, rarely biserrate, with glands abaxially, membranaceous to chartaceous, adaxial surface sparsely floccose, abaxial surface floccose, translucent dots absent, actinodromus with 3 primary veins, primary and secondary veins little prominent in the adaxial surface, prominent in the abaxial surface, glands at the base of the leaf blade absent. Inflorescence panicle, 32–95(–143) mm long, main axis and ramifications floccose; bracts, ca. 2.5 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate to narrowly triangular, floccose externally, tomentose internally; bracteoles 1 mm long, floccose. Flowers bisexual; pedicels 2–4(–4.5) mm long, floccose, articulated at the base; sepals 3, 2.5 × 1.5(–2) mm, ovate, floccose externally, internally glabrous at the base and villous at the apex; petals 3, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, widely ovate to widely elliptic, ciliate, floccose externally, internally glabrous at the base, pubescent at the apex; stamens numerous, filaments 3.5–4 mm long, glabrous, rarely with a few trichomes, greenish, erect, anthers basifixed, rimose, glabrous, apical gland of the anther absent, lobes of the nectariferous disk absent; ovary 1.5(–2) × 1.5 mm, widely ellipsoid to very broadly ovoid, glabrous, superior, 3-carpelate, unilocular, ovules numerous, parietal placentation, style ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma slightly 3-trilobed, with few simple trichomes. Fruit a berry, 5–5.5 × 5–6 mm, oblate to obconical, glabrous, yellow when unripe, orange, red and vinaceous when ripe, slightly levigate, indehiscent, aril absent; seeds (1–)3–6(– 10), 2 × 1–1.5 mm, brown to blackish, longitudinally striate; embryo not observed.

Examined Material: — BRAZIL. PARANÁ: cercanias da BR-277, Area 1, 25º06’39’’ S 53º45’59’’ W, 19 June 2015, fr., M.G. Caxambu et. al 6590 (MBM!, HCF) ; borda do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Area 2, 25º21’38’’ S, 53º52’26’’ W, 12 December 2019, fl., bt., L.H.S.M. Conceição et al. 221 (UNOP!) ; estrada de Céu Azul – Serranópolis do Iguaçu, Area 2, 25°23’39” S, 53°53’21” W, 24 March 2016, bt., M.G. Caxambu et al. 7302 (HCF) ; estrada do Palmital, Area 2, 9 May 1949, fl.,fr., A.P. Duarte 1663 (RB!) ; Parque Nacional do Iguaçu road in rainforest near Aranha, Area 2, 24 November1966, bt., J.C. Lindeman & J.H. de Hass 3414 (NY!) ; Escola parque, Area 3, 13 February 2013, fl.,bt., M.L. Toderke et al. 31 (UNOP!) ; near the portão de entrada, Area 3, 25º36’56’’ S, 54º28’42’’ W, 25 January 2020, fr., L.H.S.M. Conceição et al. 237 (UNOP!) ; Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Area 3, 14 February 1960, bt., E. Pereira 5297 (MBM!) ; Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Area 3, 20 February 1960, fl., E. Pereira 5378 (MBM!) .

Additional Material: — BRAZIL. PARANÁ: Capitão Leônidas Marques, estrada paralela ao rio Monteiro , 25°29’00.0”S, 53°37’56.0”W, 19 February 2018, fr., J.A. Rocha Filho et al. 648 (UNOP!) ; Matelândia, Linha Bananal, mata dos Biazuz I, 25º18’25’’S 53º57’20’’W, fl., bt., 8 Outubro 2014, F. Periotto & R. Cielo-Filho 40 (UNOP!) ; Estrada Matelândia-Marquesita , 25°18’00.0”S 53°57’47.0”W, 7 November 2014, fl., R. Cielo-Filho. & F. Periotto 1562 (UNOP!) .

Distribution and habitat: — Banara tomentosa is distributed in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay ( Sleumer 1980, Torres & Ramos 2007). In Brazil it occurs from São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul (Flora e Funga do Brasil 2024). In the ParNa Iguaçu it occurs in all areas, in Montane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and Montane Ombrophilous Mixed Forest.

Phenology: —Collected with flowers in February, March, May, November and December, and with fruits in January and May.

Diagnosis: — Banara tomentosa can be recognized by its leaves and the panicles covered in star-shaped trichomes. Its branches are usually thicker than in B. parviflora . Also, its flowers present erect filaments.

Preliminary Conservation Status: —This species has a very wide distribution, EOO= 5,875.578 km ², as well as several records deposited in herbaria, including recent collections and confirmed occurrence in integral protection conservation units, this species is therefore assessed as Least Concern – LC (IUCN 2024).

Figures

FIGURE 2.A–C.Banara parviflora A.Branch with fruits, B. Detail of the fruits at different stagesof ripening, C.Detail of the indumentum of inflorescence branches. D–F. Banara tomentosa D. Panicle inflorescence, E. Detail of the fruits at different stages of ripening; F. Detail of the inflorescence branch indumentum. G–H. Casearia decandra G. Branch with ripe fruits, H. Detail of the translucent dots on the leaf blade. I. Casearia lasiophylla. Branch with fruits at different stages of ripening.