Xylosma venosa N.E. Br, 1894

Conceição, Lázaro Henrique Soares De Moraes, Marquete, Ronaldo, Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Caxambu, Marcelo Galeazzi & Temponi, Lívia Godinho, 2025, Salicaceae of Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 682 (1), pp. 51-67 : 62

8. Xylosma venosa N.E. Br (1894–1896 20: 46 in Keer, G. 1894–1896) ( Fig. 4 f–h .)

Description: —Treelet 3 m; armed, branches striate, brown-grayish, branches puberulent, lenticellate; stipules not observed; Leaves discolorous; petiole 12–13 mm long, cylindrical, slightly flattened in the adaxial surface, puberulent; blade 62–83 × 35–45 mm, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse to acute, base attenuate, margin crenate, glands towards the abaxial surface, chartaceous, both surfaces glabrous, translucent dots absent, cladodromous to slightly eucamptodromus, midvein and secondary veins slightly prominent in the adaxial surface, prominent in the abaxial surface, glands at the base of the leaf blade present, 2–4, brown to blackish. Inflorescences fasciculate, bracts ca. 2 × 1 mm, ovate, both surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, bracteoles not observed. Flowers unisexual; pedicels 2.5–4 mm long, puberulent, articulated in the upper third region; Staminate flowers not observed; Pistillate flowers with sepals 5–6, 2 × 1–1.25 mm, ovate, external surface glabrous, internal surface pubescent, margin ciliate in the apical region of the sepals; petals absent; lobes of the nectariferous disk inconspicuous; ovary ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, widely ovoid, glabrous, superior, 4 carpellate, unilocular, few ovules, placentation parietal, style ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma 4-lobed, puberulent. Fruit not observed; seeds not observed; embryo not observed.

Examined Material: — BRAZIL. PARANÁ: antiga Fazenda Salinet, Area 3, 25°35’31” S, 54°22’46” W, 30 January 2019, fl., M.G. Caxambu et al. 9096 (HCF!).

Distribution and habitat: — Xylosma venosa occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Northern Uruguay ( Torres & Ramos 2007). In Brazil it occurs in the Midwest, Southeast and South regions, with its southern limit in Paraná ( Torres & Ramos 2007, Flora e Funga do Brasil 2024). In the ParNa Iguaçu it occurs only in area 3, in Submontane Semideciduous Seasonal Forest.

Phenology: —Collected with flowers in January. Not yet collected with fruits in ParNa Iguaçu.

Diagnosis: — Xylosma venosa can be recognized by its spines, glabrous leaves with 2–4 glands at the base, unisexual flowers with 4-lobed stigma, and pedicel articulated at the upper third region.

Preliminary Conservation Status: —This species has a very wide distribution, EOO= 4,416.570 km ², as well as several records deposited in herbaria, including recent collections and confirmed occurrence in integral protection conservation units, this species is therefore assessed as Least Concern—LC (IUCN 2024).

Figures

FIGURE 4. A. Banara parviflora Bisexual flower showing ovary and tortuous filaments. B–D. Casearia lasiophylla B. Branch with fascicle-like inflorescences, C. Bisexual flower in lateral view showing the ovary with pubescent stigma and clavate lobes of the nectariferous disk, D. Detail of the anther with a tuft of simple trichomes at the apex. E. Prockia crucis Branch with inflorescences. F–H. Xylosma venosa F. Branch with fascicle-like inflorescences, G. Leaf in top view with the four glands at the base, H. Pistillate flower in lateral view showing the petiole with articulation in the upper third region.