Mukaria Distant, 1908

Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn, Kaewtongkum, Nithina, Chomphuphuang, Narin, Kimsawat, Panrak, Kumtanom, Kittisak & Samung, Yudthana, 2025, Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a new species of bamboo leafhopper from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand, ZooKeys 1239, pp. 305-320 : 305-320

Genus Mukaria Distant, 1908

Mukaria Distant, 1908: 269. Type species: Mukaria penthimioides Distant, 1908, by original designation.

Parabolotettix Matsumura, 1912: 280. Type-species: Parabolotettix maculatus Matsumura, 1912, by original designation. Synonymised by Schumacher 1915: 97.

Ikomella Ishihara, 1961: 253. Type species: Ikomella confersa Ishihara, 1961, by original designation. Synonymised by Linnavuori 1979: 985.

Description.

Revised from Viraktamath and Webb (2019). Adult. In full-face view, head broader than long (including eye margins), with upper portion appearing swollen in lateral view; frontoclypeus flat, horizontal, gradually expanding dorsally; clypellus parallel sides, convex, and extends beyond typical curvature of gena; lorum elongated and narrow; antennae originate near the upper corners of the eyes in frontal view, with pedicel visible from dorsal view. Tentorium with anterior arm thin, dorsal arm about as thin and half as long as anterior arm, arising at mid-length. Pronotum convex, with faint transverse rugosity, twice as wide as long medially, about as long as mesonotum, lateral margins carinate, convex anterior margin, slightly concave posterior margin. Mesonotum with faint transverse rugosity and granulose basal triangles. Forewing with separate claval veins, 3 subapical cells, open inner subapical cell, non-confluent veins R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2. Hind wing with a marginal vein, either complete or discontinuous near apical region. Male genitalia. Male pygofer depressed, with setae in distal lower half; posterior margin of tergum IX shallowly U-shaped to receive abdominal segment X, with ventral marginal process variously developed (absent in M. omani ). Subgenital plate with scattered setae on ventral surface and without apical membranous appendage. Style with well-developed lateral lobe, apophysis short, narrowed distally, surface sculptured. Connective and aedeagus fused, arms widely placed, parallel to each other. Aedeagus with two shafts fused in basal 0.2 to 0.5, then divergent, each with processes near apical gonopore. Female genitalia. Sternite VII approximately as long as VI, concave posterior margin. Valvula I more or less straight, strigate to concatenate (with sculpturing elements or scales fused to one another), or imbricate (with overlapping scales) ventrally at 1 st valvula apex, occupying slightly less than 0.5 distally, strigae oblique. In lateral view, valvula II almost straight, toothed area not preceded by either hyaline area or prominent tooth, occupying distal 0.5; tooth prominent, well separated from each other, without secondary dentition.

Species and distribution of Mukaria .

M. albinotata Cai & Ge, 1996 : China ( Cai and Ge 1996; Yang and Chen 2011)

M. creagra Zhao, Luo & Chen, 2024 : China ( Zhao et al. 2024)

M. confersa ( Ishihara, 1961) : Thailand ( Ishihara 1961, Yang and Chen 2011)

M. flavida Cai & Ge, 1996 : China ( Cai and Ge 1996; Yang and Chen 2011)

M. hainanensis Yao, Yang & Chen, 2019 : China ( Yao et al. 2019)

M. lii Yang & Chen, 2011 : China ( Yang and Chen 2011)

M. maculata ( Matsumura, 1912) : China, Japan and Indonesia ( Matsumura 1912; Hayashi 1996; Yang and Chen 2011);

M. nigra Kuoh & Kuoh, 1983 : China ( Yang and Chen 2011)

M. omani Viraktamath & Webb, 2019 : India ( Viraktamath and Webb 2019)

M. penthimioides Distant, 1908 : Sri Lanka and India ( Distant 1908; Yang and Chen 2011, Viraktamath and Webb 2019)

M. splendida Distant, 1908 : Bangladesh, India and Pakistan ( Distant 1908; Yang and Chen 2011, Viraktamath and Webb 2019, Ramaiah et al. 2023)

M. striola Zhao, Luo & Chen, 2024 : China ( Zhao et al. 2024)

M. vakra Viraktamath & Webb, 2019 : India ( Viraktamath and Webb 2019)

M. variabilis Evans, 1973 : Indonesia (New Guinea) ( Evans 1973; Yang and Chen 2011)

M. zonata Hayashi, 1996 : Japan ( Hayashi 1996; Yang and Chen 2011)