Xenoceraspis calcarata Zhang, 1988

Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David & Bai, Ming, 2025, Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920, Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4), pp. 57-75 : 59-63

Xenoceraspis calcarata Zhang, 1988

( Figures 1–4 , 14, 17 , 27 )

Xenoceraspis calcaratus Zhang, 1988, p. 246 , 248, figure 3 (primary description); Bezděk 2006, p. 191 (catalogue); Krajčík 2012, p. 263 (catalogue); Bezděk 2016, p. 212 (catalogue); Schoolmeesters 2024 (online catalogue).

Type locality

Xizang: Medog (Gedang), 2050 m .

Type material examined

PT ( Figures 1 and 2 ), 1 ♂, labelled:

西藏 [Xizang] 墨脱 [Medog] [p] | 1200m 卡布 [Kabu] [hw] | 中国科学院 [ Chinese Academy of Sciences ] [p] || 1980.V.10 [hw] | 采集人 金根桃 吴建毅 [collected by: Jin Gentao, Wu Jianyi] [p] || 24203335 || 41 || PARATYPE [yellow label, p] || 拟留 [plan to keep] [hw] || Xenoceraspis ♂ | calcaratus sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者:章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei ] 19 [p] 85.V. [hw];

PT ( Figures 3, 4 ), 1 ♀:

西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 格林 [Gelin] | 1550-1850m [hw] | 中国科学院 [ Chinese Academy of Sciences ] [p] || 1983.V.19-20 [hw] | 采集者 林再 [collected by: Lin Zai] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♀ | calcaratus sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者:章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85.V. [hw].

Both paratypes are deposited in IZAS.

Additional material examined

China (Xizang): 1 ♂ ( IECA), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( NMPC), Bome, Tangmai, 30 km W of Donjung , 2000 m, 12–13. vi. 1997, lgt. A. Wrzecionko ; 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ ( MHNG, ex coll. G. Sabatinelli), Tibet, Bome Nyingc [h]i, Tongmai, 1800 m, vii. 2018; China (Sichuan): 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( IECA), 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ ( MUCC), Ganzi [= Garzê], Batang, v. 2018, local collector.

Redescription

Males. Body length 10.2–11.1 mm ( Figure 1 ). Body elongate, moderately convex, surface black, elytra pale brown with blackish margins, femora and head appendages brown, shiny, setation black and pale. Head and pronotum covered with short, stout, semierect setae mixed with very sparse, long and stout setae; lateral parts of elytra with several long, stout, erect setae, disc of elytra with nearly invisible sparse, short, recumbent, pale setation. Legs and ventral surface with long pale resumbent setae, partially mixed with sparse, short and stout setation.

Head including clypeus densely and coarsely punctate with short, stout, erect setae mixed with few isolated longer, erect setae near eyes. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Antennomeres 1–7 with few isolated setae, club sparsely covered with moderately long erect setae. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded, with coarse irregularly spaced punctures bearing long, erect setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, terminal palpomere narrow, only slightly expanded laterally, nearly as long as palpomeres 1–3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, very short.

Pronotum nearly as long as wide, convex, widest at about middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular projections and rounded lobe between them. Surface of pronotum densely and coarsely punctate with exception of narrow transverse impunctate area in front of the scutellum. Dense, short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few isolated long, erect setae. Lateral margins slightly crenulate, with long setae.

Scutellum broad, basally with two projections fitting into notches of pronotum. Surface of scutellum punctate with pale, erect setae.

Elytra convex, distinctly dilated laterally just in front of metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral umbone distinct, sparsely punctate. Surface of elytra shiny, covered with shallow, irregularly spaced punctures and moderately dense, semirecumbent short setae mixed with several remarkably long, stout, erect setae. Disc of elytra with nearly invisible sparse setae only. Epipleura distinct, complete, narrow, with row of moderately long erect setae.

Macropterous. Legs with femora shiny, irregularly punctate, setaceous; metafemora distinctly enlarged with row of stout, short erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Protibiae narrow, distinctly bidentate; terminal spur present, slightly curved externally, acute apically, inserted well below the basal tooth. Mesotibiae moderately expanded apically, with a trace of setiferous transversal carina. Mesotibial apical spurs subequal in length, flattened, acute apically. Metatibiae modified, enlarged ( Figure 17 ), with only a trace of setiferous transversal carina, ventrally with a conspicous longitudinal groove covered with short, erect setae. Terminal spurs of metatibiae subequal in length, flattened. Protarsomeres moderately broad; protarsomeres 2–4 about as long as wide, with setaceous pads ventrally; protarsomere 5 elongated, as long as protarsomeres 2–4 combined, with two rows of short, erect setae ventrally and three conspicous stout, erect setae ventrobasally. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 distinctly modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, and angularly produced externally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout; all mesotarsomeres with setaceous pads ventrally. Metatarsomeres unmodified, narrow, elongated. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, subequal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically.

Ventral side of thorax and abdominal ventrites 3–7 covered with moderately long, erect setae. Pygidium large, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate with short, semirecumbent setae. Lateral margins of pygidium distinctly bordered.

Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae ( Figure 14 ).

Females ( Figure 3 ) differ from males in the following characters: body length: 10.1–10.7 mm, antennal club slightly shorter, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, protarsomeres 2–4 longer than wide, mesotarsomeres 1–4 much less contracted, about as long as wide.

Differential diagnosis

The males of X. calcarata can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the shape of the metatibiae and especially by the presence of terminal spurs on the metatibiae ( Figure 17 ). The females differ from both X. kurseongana and X. longimacularia by the almost glabrous disc of the elytra. See also the key for identification below.

Distribution

China: Nyingchi prefecture in the southeastern Xizang, Garzê prefecture in the western part of Sichuan (new provincial record) ( Zhang 1988; this paper) ( Figure 27 ).

Remarks

The species was described on the basis of the male holotype and ten paratypes (three males and seven females), all from Mêdog County. According to Zhang (1988), most of the types, including the holotype, are deposited in the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica . Two paratypes are kept at the IZAS.

Figures

Figure 27. Map of distribution of Xenocepasis Arrow, 1920 species based on material examined. Black cross refers to type locality.

Figures 1–4. Xenoceraspis calcarata Zhang, 1988. (1) Paratype, male, dorsal view (length: 10.8 mm); (2) associated labels; (3) paratype, female, dorsal view (length: 10.4 mm); (4) associated labels. Not to scale.

Figures 14–19. Paramere in lateral view (14–16) and male left metatibia in dorsal view (17–19) of Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. (14, 17) X. calcarata Zhang, 1988, p. (15, 18) X. kurseongana (Moser, 1917); (16, 19) X. longimacularia Zhang, 1988. Not to scale.