Colletotrichum fructicola Prihast., L. Cai & K. D. Hyde

Fallahi, Maryam, Armand, Alireza, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2025, Pathogenic fungi (Sordariomycetes) associated with annual and perennial crops in Northern Thailand, MycoKeys 117, pp. 191-265 : 191-265

Colletotrichum fructicola Prihast., L. Cai & K. D. Hyde , Fungal Diversity 39: 96 (2009)

Fig. 3

Description.

Pathogenic to jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) and causes brown leaf spots and anthracnose on the foliage. Sexual morph not observed. Acervulus semi-immersed. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, with rounded apices, 9–15 × 3–6 µm (mean = 13 × 4.6 μm, n = 40). Appressoria brown to dark brown, clavate, ovoid, and slightly irregular or regular in shape, 8–10 × 4–8 µm (mean = 8 × 4.5 μm, n = 20). Chlamydospores and Setae are absent.

Culture characteristics.

Colonies on PDA reach 75 mm in diameter after 7 days of growth at 25 ° C in the dark, cottony and circular with a dull surface and well-defined margin with medium density. The upper side is pale olivaceous grey in the center, smoke grey in the middle, and white at the margin. The reverse side shows circles of dull green with a greenish-grey color and a primrose margin.

Material examined.

Thailand • Chiang Rai, Phan District, Sai Khao , on the leaf of jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ), January 2023, Maryam Fallahi, dried culture MF 57-3 ( MFLU 24-0241 ), living culture MFLUCC 24-0240 .

Notes.

Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain MFLUCC 24-0240 clustered in the same subclade as Colletotrichum fructicola ( ICMP 18581 , ex-type) with 91 % ML, 91 % MP bootstrap support, and 1.0 BYPP (Fig. 1 ). The base pair differences between C. fructicola ( ICMP 18581 , ex-type) and C. fructicola ( MFLUCC 24-0240 ) revealed no differences in ITS, gapdh, chs- 1, act, and tub 2. Colletotrichum fructicola ( MFLUCC 24-0240 ) is similar to C. fructicola ( MFLU 090228 , holotype), although it produces slightly wider conidia with an L / W ratio of 2.8 (9–15 × 3–6 µm in C. fructicola ( MFLUCC 24-0240 ) vs. 9.7–14 × 3–4.3 μm in C. fructicola ( MFLU 090228 )) ( Prihastuti et al. 2009). Colletotrichum fructicola has an extensive host range and geographical distribution ( Weir et al. 2012; Norphanphoun and Hyde 2023). It was originally reported from coffee berries in Thailand ( Prihastuti et al. 2009) and causes anthracnose, bitter rot, and leaf-spotting diseases in a wide range of woody or herbaceous plants ( Bragard et al. 2021). Colletotrichum fructicola is associated with jackfruit anthracnose worldwide, especially in Thailand ( Borges et al. 2023). Colletotrichum artocarpicola and C. gloeosporioides have been reported from jackfruit in northern Thailand ( Bhunjun et al. 2019). In this study, C. fructicola was isolated from jackfruit and described as a new host record in northern Thailand.

Figures

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex generated by maximum likelihood of combined ITS, gapdh, chs- 1, act, and tub 2 sequence data. The ultrafast maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % (BT) as well as bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 (BYPP) are shown, respectively, near the nodes. The ex-type strains are marked with an asterisk. The tree is rooted in Colletotrichum acidae (MFLUCC 17 2659) and Colletotrichum truncatum (CBS 151 35).

Figure 3. Colletotrichum fructicola (MFLUCC 24-0240) a brown leaf spot on jackfruit b front, and c back view of the colony on PDA after 7 days d acervuli on PDA e – g conidia h, i appressoria. Scale bars: 10 μm.