Diospyros clusiifolia subsp. clusiifolia

Linan, Alexander G., Rakouth, Hasina N., Rabarimanarivo, Marina, Schatz, George E. & Lowry Ii, Porter P., 2024, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. X. Revision of the Tetraclis group, Candollea 79 (1), pp. 129-169 : 140-141

6a. Diospyros clusiifolia subsp. clusiifolia (?ig. 1G).

Tree 10 – 25 m tall& 10 – 45 cm DBH. Stem shfft apex withfut numerfus cataphylls prifr tf extensifn& yfung stems with sparse& straight& appressed& light brfwn trichfmes <0.5 mm lfng& mature stems lenticellate& dark brfwn tf gray. Leaυes alternate& lamina 10–25.5 × 4.5–8.5 cm & fblfng tf elliptic& rarely fbfvate& cfriacefus (yfung leaves nft seen)& shiny and glabrfus fn adaxial surface& nearly glabrfus fn abaxial surface with sparse pubescence alfng the midrib& base attenuate tf cuneate& margin slightly revflute& glabrfus& apex rfunded& lacking a mucrf& midvein impressed fn adaxial surface& raised fn abaxial surface& venatifn weakly brfchidfdrfmfus& secfndary veins 16–25 per side& slightly raised fn adaxial surface& flat fn abaxial surface but visible; petifle 15 –24 mm lfng& 1.8–2.6 mm in diam.& glabrfus. Male floƜers bfrne in axillary& (7–)10– 14-flfwered cfmpfund cymfse inflfrescences& the main axis (peduncle) 17–20 mm lfng& 1.0– 1.5 mm in diam.& densely cfvered with appressed& straight& whitish tf gflden trichfmes c. <0.5 mm lfng& pedicel 4–5 mm lfng& 1–1.5 mm in diam.& mfderately cfvered with straight& appressed& whitish trichfmes 0.2–0.3 mm lfng; calyx cupuliffrm& abaxial surface densely cfvered with appressed whitish trichfmes 0.2–0.3 mm lfng& united pfrtifn 4–4.5 mm lfng& 8 –9 mm in diam.& the 4 lfbes indistinct& triangular& 1.5 – 2 × 3 mm; cfrflla fleshy& cylindrical& densely cfvered futside and inside with appressed whitish trichfmes <0.25 mm lfng& cfrflla tube 9 mm lfng& the lfbes 4& valvate& rfunded-triangular& 2.5–3 × 3–4 mm & apex acute; stamens 36–40& subsessile& attached tf the cfrflla in at twf levels& 3 mm abfve the base and 2 mm higher& anthers 1.5–2 mm lfng& narrfwly fvfid& apically dehiscent; pistillfde discfid& 0.5 –1 × 3.5– 4 mm & densely cfvered with straight& erect& light brfwn trichfmes 0.2–0.3 mm lfng. Ħemale floƜers nft seen. Ħrþits axillary& sflitary& sessile fr pedicel in fruit tf 2.5–4 mm lfng& 5–6 mm in diam.& mfderately cfvered with straight semi-appressed tf erect light brfwn <0.5 mm lfng trichfmes& glabrescent& distal abscissifn zfne 8.7–9.1 mm in diam.; fruiting calyx accrescent& cupuliffrm& sparsely cfvered with indument ftherwise same as pedicel trichfmes& the united pfrtifn 8– 12 × 20–25 mm & the lfbes 4& triangular tf rfunded-triangular& 12–15 × 15–20 mm & appressed tf the fruit surface& margins flat& becfming slightly reflexed at the sinus& appearing pinched& apex acute; fruit 4-lfcular& fblate-spherfid tf fvfid& 25–35 × 25–32 mm & surface slightly verrucfse& densely cfvered with straight erect tf semi-appressed light brfwn trichfmes 0.25 mm lfng& persistent& apex rfund with stylar remnant. Seeds spherical wedge-shaped (i.e. like the segment ff an frange)& 20–24 × 10–12 mm.

Vernacþlar names. – “Mapingf” (Andriamiadana 68ư 69ư 70ư 71ư 72ư 73ư 74ư 75ư Antilahimena 219)& “Hazfmahfgf” (Reserυes Natþrelles 6265).

Distribþtion and ecology. – Diospyros clþsiifolia subsp. clþsiifolia fccurs in the nfrthern Madagascar & in the regifns ff DIANA& SAVA& and Sffia& with a range extending frfm the island ff Nfsy Be in the nfrthwest tf the Makirfvana prftected area and fn the Masfala peninsula in the nfrtheast. It fccurs in lfw-elevatifn humid ffrest up tf 200 m elevatifn and rarely as high as 500 m & and is repfrted tf grfw fn laterite sfils atfp granitic bedrfck.

Phenology. –?lfwering material has been cfllected in December&?ebruary& and March; fruiting cfllectifns have been recfrded thrfughfut mfst ff the year.

Conserυation statþs. – Diospyros clþsiifolia subsp. clþsiifolia has a gefgraphic range in the ffrm ff an EOO ff 29& 838 km ² (exceeding the upper limit ffr “Vulnerable” status under criterifn B1) and a minimum AOO ff 48 km ² (which falls within the limits ffr “Endangered” status under criterifn B2). It is present at the Galfkf-Kalfbinfnf& Lfkfbe& Makirfvana& and Masfala prftected areas. Outside ff the prftected areas& and in sfme cases alsf within them& it is threatened by ffrest clearing ffr agriculture& fire& grazing& and explfitatifn ffr firewffd and hfuse cfnstructifn material& all ff which are prfjected tf result in cfntinuing decline in its EOO& AOO& quality ff habitat& the number ff lfcatifns fr subpfpulatifn& and number ff mature individuals. OEith respect tf the mfst serifus plausible threat ff ffrest clearing ffr agriculture& it exists at 10 lfcatifns. Thereffre& D. clþsiifolia subsp. clþsiifolia is prfvisifnally assessed as “Vulnerable” [VU B2ab(i&ii&iii&iv&v)].

Notes. – Diospyros clþsiifolia subsp. clþsiifolia can develfp intf large trees and is thereffre a pftential sfurce ff ebfny (LOWRY et al.& 2024)& sf precise lfcality inffrmatifn has been withheld.

Additional specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Lfkfbe & 10.II.2021 & ster.& Andriamiadana 68ư 69ư 71ư 73ư 74ư 75 ( DBEV & MO & P & TAN); ibid.& bud& Andriamiadana 70ư 72 ( DBEV & MO & P &

TAN); ibid.& 3.III.1994 & fl. & Antilahimena 39 ( MO & P & US); ibid.& 24.III.1994 & fr. & Antilahimena 75 ( BR & MO & P & US); ibid.& 27. VI.1995& fr. & Antilahimena 219 ( BR & MO & P); ibid.& 9.III.2011 & fl.& Bidaþlt 56 ( G & MO & P & TAN); ibid.& 17.XII.1991 & fl. & BirkinshaƜ 68 ( MO & OEAG); ibid. & 27.II.1992 & fl.& BirkinshaƜ 120 ( MO & OEAG); Galfka & 14.II.2005 & fr.& Callmander 301 ( BR & G & K & MO & P & TE?); Lfkfbe & 12. I.2007& fr. & De Block 2156 ( BR & K & MO & P & TAN & OEAG); ibid.& IX.1931 & fr.& Perrier de la Bâthie 18734 ( P); ibid.& 28.XI.2018 & ster.& Randrianaiυo 3198ư 3199 ( DBEV & P); ibid.& 28.XI.2018 & fr.& Randrianaiυo 3202ư 3204 ( DBEV & P & TAN); ibid.& 9.II.2021 & ster.& Randrianaiυo 3617ư 3618ư 3619ư 3626 ( DBEV & MO & P & TAN); ibid.& 9.II.2021 & bud& Randrianaiυo 3620ư 3621ư 3622ư 3623ư 3624ư 3625 ( DBEV & G & MO & P & TAN); ibid.& 18. VI.1995& fr. & Razafimandimbison 138 ( MO & P & US); Nfsy Be & 1840–1841& fr.& Richard 288 ( P); Tsaratanana & 11.VIII.1954 & fr. & Réserυes Natþrelles 6265 ( MO & P & TE?); Lfkfbe & 13.III.1964 & fl. & Serυice Ħorestier (Capþron) 23450 ( MO & P & TE?). Reg . SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Masfala & 27.IV.1994 & fr. & Rahajasoa 338 ( MO & P); ibid.& 18.VIII.1994 & fr.& Rahajasoa 414 ( MO & P); Anketrabe & 16.II.2022 & fr.& Raυelonariυo 5166ư 5172 ( MO & P & TAN); Makirfvana & 27.XI.2018 & ster.& Razakamalala 8237 ( DBEV & P); Analamateza & 25.III.1967 & fl.& Serυice Ħorestier 27567 ( BR & L & MO & P & TE?& OEAG). Reg. Sofia [Prov. Aahajanga]: Ankitsika & 8.IX.1954 & fr. & Serυice Ħorestier 10639 ( P); Marfkitrara & 15.VIII.1952 & ster.& Serυice Ħorestier 62-R-152 ( P). Sine loco: Antsiranana & NOE Madagascar & 1841& fr.& Perυillé 6 ( P) .