Peltogyne venosa ( Vahl) Benth., C.F.P.von Martius

Kochanovski, Fabio J., Nogueira, Luan H. P., Rosa, Marcus P. G., Mansano, Vidal F. & Sartori, Ângela L. B., 2025, Taxonomic review of the genus Peltogyne Vogel (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), Phytotaxa 688 (1), pp. 1-68 : 64-66

25. Peltogyne venosa ( Vahl) Benth., C.F.P.von Martius & auct. Suc. (eds), Fl. Bras. 15(2): 233. 1870. Holotype:— GUIANA FRANCESA. Cayenne, s.d., Sagot 187 (Syntype: K, P (scanned image)). Fig 30 .

≡ Hymenaea venosa Vahl. (1798:31) .

Holotype: — GUIANA FRANCESA, s.data, J. von Rohr 150, C 10012154 (Holotype: C).

Tree, 20–25 m tall, bark smooth, brownish to brown, branches grooved and rough, grayish, stipules early deciduous. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, lanceolate when young, not falcate, 9–11 × 3.5–5.5 cm, base attenuate (slightly rounded), apex acute, glabrous, wax absent on both surfaces, concolorous, petiole (7–) 10–22 mm long, petiolule 3–5 mm long, blade decurrent, pulvinus dilated, primary vein conspicuous (blackish) abaxially, secondary veins conspicuous on both sides, glands absent. Inflorescence a panicle, terminal, densiflorous, rachis velutinous, 6–10 cm long, inserted in a non-aphyllous branch. Pedicel 3 mm, bracteoles caducous, hypanthium present, 3 × 4 mm, obconic. Bud 6–8 × 10–15 mm, sepals subtriangular, outer side pubescent, inner side pubescent, margin glabrous, glands present, petals oblanceolate, unguiculate, glabrous, glands present. Stamens of different sizes, antesepalous filaments 20(–22) mm long, antepetalous filaments 14(–16) mm long. Stipe glabrous, 1–2 mm long. Ovary orbicular, glabrous, 3 – 4 mm long, style with terminal insertion, 13–20 mm long. Fruit a legume, indehiscent, orbicular, without a protuberance, compressed, 2.2 × 2.7 cm, stipitate, nectary disc not persistent, glabrous, glands present, veins present, winged.

Phenology —Collected in flower between February and July and in fruit between June and July.

Distribution and habitat— Peltogyne venosa occurs in non-flooded (Terra Firme) areas in the state of Amapá, northern Pará and French Guiana ( Fig 5 ). This species is restricted to the Amazon region.

Taxonomic comments— Peltogyne venosa has a glabrous ovary, a non-aphyllous inflorescence branch and tall buttress roots on the stem (3 m). This species is often confused with P. densiflora , but the latter has a pubescent ovary, aphyllous inflorescence branch and no buttress roots on the stem.

Etimology—venosus, which has many veins, referring the veins in the fruit.

Specimens examined — BRAZIL. Amapá: 4 September 1961, J. M . Pires 50710 ( MG!) ; 12 September 1961, J. M . Pires 50873 ( MG!) ; 15 December 1976, N. A . Rosa 1080 ( MG!); Rio Oiapoque, Ilha de Pedras , 15 October 1950, R. L . Fróes 26635 ( SP, RB!) ; 08 February 1950, R. L . Fróes 25922 ( IAC!); Entre cachoeira Caetana e Tauauê , rio Oiapoque , 01 February 1950, R. L . Fróes 25764 ( IAC!) ; 14 January 1993, L. C. B . Lobato 559 ( MG!) ; GUIANA FRANCESA. September 1961, I. F. A. T . 7797 ( MG!); September 1961, I. F. A. T . 7924 ( MG!); 13 September 1988, P. J. M . Maas 7411 ( MG!); Cayenne, Piste de Saint-Elie-Interfluve Sinnamary Counamana , Près de la parcelle Puig D , 03 July 1989, D. R. L . Sabatier 2527 ( INPA !); Riviera de Maroni , 1865, R ! 67008 ( R); SURINAME. 02 July 1963, B . Maguire R121190 ( R); Vicinity of Blanche Marie Waterfall on the Nickerie River , 20 November 1995, R . Evans 2453 ( INPA !, IAN!, RB!); Corantyn, Wonolobo , 12 October 1916, B. M. T . Walter 3686 ( IAN!) .

Digital images — BRAZIL. Amapá: Várzea forest along Rio Falsino , 02 October 1987, J . F . Pruski 3353 ( NY); Rio Brancinho , 14 September 1973, G . T . Prance 17872 ( K, NY); Pará: Jarí, Monte Dourado , margem do Rio Jarí , 09 July 1969, N . T . da Silva 2371 ( NY); 28 December 1969, N . T . da Silva 1755 ( NY) ; GUIANA FRANCESA. Bords de la mer à l’embouchure du Maroni, December 1856, Sagot 187 ( P); Saut Mouches-Bassin du Sinnamary, Berges entre Saut Mouche et Saut Takari Tanté, 29 October 1992, Bordenave 424 ( P); Vaillant 34 ( P) .

Vernacular names —Pau-roxo, Guarebu, Kowata, Papo-ati, Papaati, Purpleheart, Koroborelli, Amarante, violet, Moutchengué, Bois Violet.

Final remarks

In this study, we performed three lectotypifications, proposed the re-establishment of P. densiflora due to the distinguishable characters of P. venosa , such as pubescent ovary, aphyllous inflorescence branch and no buttress roots on the stem, and proposed the synonyms of the P. prancei and P. crenulata with P. heterophylla and P. pauciflora , respectively.

Among the morphological characters analyzed, many species of the Peltogyne genus can be identified considering the presence or absence of stipules, the features of the leaflets, and the shape of the ovary and the fruits. In addition, geographic distribution data and habitat are relevant for recognizing several species. Peltogyne shows a high richness in the humid forests of South America. Fourteen species are found in the Amazon region, distributed in open fields, flooded environments, and dense forests, configuring itself as the center of wealth of the genus. The species can also occur in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga. This study can support measures for the conservation of the Peltogyne species in the Amazon Forest.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of species of Peltogyne in solid ground, relatively far from floodplains in the Amazon.

FIGURE 30. Peltogyne venosa (Vahl) Benth.A, branch with leaflets, and inflorescence (scale: 5 cm). B, flower bud in pre-anthesis (scale: 4 mm). C, sepal, internal face (scale: 3 mm). D, petal (scale: 3 mm). E, carpel (scale: 5 mm). F, stamens (scale: 5 mm). G, fruit (scale: 1 cm). Illustrated by Fábio Júnior Kochanovski.