Peltogyne pauciflora Stipules

Kochanovski, Fabio J., Nogueira, Luan H. P., Rosa, Marcus P. G., Mansano, Vidal F. & Sartori, Ângela L. B., 2025, Taxonomic review of the genus Peltogyne Vogel (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), Phytotaxa 688 (1), pp. 1-68 : 10-11

- Stipules present, the basal region of the leaflet with indumentum ................................................................... Peltogyne pauciflora Stipules early deciduous, the basal region of the leaflet completely glabrous or if pilose, only on the primary vein ..................... 2 Leaflets oblong with wax on both surfaces. Fruits with a protuberance at the apex ........................................ Peltogyne paradoxa Leaflets elliptic to obovate, wax absent. Fruits without protuberance ............................................................................................. 3 Abaxial side of leaflets with indumentum on the primary vein. Floral bud with an inflated, pyriform hypanthium ......................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... Peltogyne paniculata Abaxial side of leaflets without indumentum on the primary vein. Floral bud with a non-inflated, conic, or turbinate hypanthium or hypanthium absent ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Hypanthium absent or less than 1 mm long ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Hypanthium conspicuous, more than 2 mm long ........................................................................................................................... 14 Leaflet base rounded. Flower petals unguiculate .............................................................................................. Peltogyne chrysopis Leaflet base attenuate or oblique. Flower petals sessile ................................................................................................................... 6 Leaflet blade not decurrent. Pulvinus not dilated ............................................................................................................................. 7 Leaflet blade decurrent. Pulvinus dilated ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Leaflet base attenuate, apex acuminate. Ovary pubescent. Fruits compressed .................................................. Peltogyne purpurea Leaflet base rounded, apex acute, caudate. Ovary glabrous. Fruits inflated .................................................... Peltogyne subsessilis Leaflet base oblique .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Leaflet base non-oblique ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Leaflet apex emarginate. Bark peeling off in plates or scales. Endemic to the state of Rio de Janeiro ............... Peltogyne discolor Leaflet apex acute. Bark smooth. Endemic to Ilha de Maracá and surroundings, Roraima ............................. Peltogyne gracilipes Leaflets 11–14 x 5–9 cm, base rounded. Flowers with stamens of equal size. Stipe absent ........................... Peltogyne floribunda Leaflets 5–9 x 2–4 cm, base attenuate. Flowers with stamens of different sizes. Stipe present, sometimes short ........................ 11 Leaflets discolorous, apex caudate. Inflorescence axis 12–17 cm long ........................................................ Peltogyne heterophylla Leaflets concolorous, apex obtuse. Inflorescence axis 3–11 cm long ............................................................................................ 12 Flower pedicel 1 mm long. Ovary rhombic. Fruits inflated .............................................................................. Peltogyne recifensis Flower pedicel 2–5 mm long. Ovary oboval or subtriangular. Fruits not inflated ......................................................................... 13 Leaflets elliptic, inflorescence axis glabrous. Flowers with petals elliptic or slightly oblanceolate. Fruit orbicular, stipitate, dehiscent .......................................................................................................................................................... Peltogyne mattosiana Leaflets oblong, inflorescence axis pubescent. Flowers with elliptic petals. Fruit subtriangular, sessile, indehiscent ....................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Peltogyne mexicana Leaflets with dilated pulvinus and petiolule ................................................................................................................................... 15 Leaflets with non-dilated pulvinus and petiolule ........................................................................................................................... 22 Leaflet petiolule 8–10 mm long, leaflet blade not decurrent ............................................................................... Peltogyne catingae Leaflet petiolule 1–7 mm long, leaflet blade decurrent. ................................................................................................................. 16 Inflorescence inserted in a long aphyllous branch (~ 20cm) ............................................................................. Peltogyne densiflora Inflorescence inserted in leafy branches ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Trees 3–5 m high. Flowers with tomentose ovary except at the carpel cleft ........................................................ Peltogyne barbata Trees 7–27 m high. Flowers with totally glabrous or totally pilose ovary ..................................................................................... 18 Leaflets discolorous. Ovary semicircular, commonly D-shaped. Fruit triangular ......................................................................... 19 Leaflets concolorous. Ovary rhombic to elliptic, oblong, or orbicular. Fruit obovate-oblong or orbicular ................................... 20 Petiolule 12–22 mm long. Sepals oblong to subtriangular. Stamens of different sizes ................................. Peltogyne angustiflora Petiolule 3–5 mm long. Sepals deltoid. Stamens of equal size .................................................................... Peltogyne confertiflora Bark grayish. Rachis pubescent. Leaflet base rounded. Ovary rhombic to elliptic. Common in Cerrado, in humid forests in the states of Piauí and Maranhão ........................................................................................................................ Peltogyne maranhensis Bark light-yellow, brown, or brownish. Rachis velutinous. Leaflet base attenuate (s. Ovary with other shapes. Restricted to the Amazon region ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Leaflets 6–8 mm long. Petiolule 1–2 mm long. Inflorescence subterminal. Sepals without glands. Ovary oblong, pubescent ......... .............................................................................................................................................................................. Peltogyne lecointei Leaflets 9–11 mm long. Petiolule 3–5 mm long. Inflorescence terminal. Sepals with glands. Ovary orbicular, glabrous ................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Peltogyne venosa Leaflet primary vein pilose at the abaxial side. Flowers with caducous bracteole, pilose on the primary vein of the median petal, stamens of equal sizes ........................................................................................................................................... Peltogyne excelsa Leaflet veins glabrous. Flowers with persistent bracteoles, petals glabrous, stamens of different sizes ....................................... 23 Bark smooth, reddish. Leaflets discolorous. Sepals orbicular ............................................................................ Peltogyne altissima Bark rough, grayish. Leaflets concolorous. Sepals deltoid to subtriangular or deltoid .................................................................. 24 Leaflets falcate, blade decurrent, glands present. Ovary glabrous. ................................................................. Peltogyne campestris Leaflets not falcate, blade not decurrent, glands absent. Ovary pubescent ...................................................... Peltogyne parvifolia 1. Peltogyne altissima Ducke, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. , sér. 2, 4: 726. 1932.

Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença, 21 August 1929, A. Ducke s.n. RB23279 , first-step of lectotypification: RB!, designated by A. Ducke s.n. (1932: 726) ; - second-step of lectotypification: RB 00539671 , designated here ; Isolectotypes IAN!, K, P, U, US. Fig 6 .

Tree, 20–40 m tall, bark smooth, reddish, branches smooth or slightly rough, stipules early deciduous. Leaflets elliptic, not falcate, 7–8 × 2.5–3 cm, base rounded (attenuate near the petiole), apex caudate, glabrous, wax absent on both surfaces, discolorous, petiole 10–20 mm long, petiolule 5–10 mm long, blade not decurrent, pulvinus not dilated, primary vein conspicuous abaxially, secondary veins conspicuous on both sides, glands absent. Inflorescence a panicle, terminal, densiflorous, rachis pubescent, 6–9 cm long, inserted in a non-aphyllous branch. Pedicel 4–5 mm long, bracteoles persistent, tomentose in the region of the keel, hypanthium present, about 2 × 3 mm, obconic. Bud 6–8 × 3–5 mm, sepals orbicular, outer side sericeous, inner side pubescent, margin glabrous, glands not seen, petals linear, unguiculate, glabrous, glands present. Stamens of different sizes, antesepalous filaments 6 mm, antepetalous filaments 4 mm. Stipe glabrous with sparse trichomes, 1 mm long. Ovary elliptic to rhombic, glabrous, 2 mm long, style with terminal insertion, 9 mm long. Fruit a legume, indehiscent, orbicular, without a protuberance, compressed, 4–5 × 4 cm, stipitate, nectary disc not persistent, glabrous, gland absent, veins present, winged.

Phenology —Collected in flower from July to August, and in fruit from November to December.

Distribution and habitat— Peltogyne altissima occurs on clayey soils in non-flooded areas, mainly near the Solimões River in Amazonas and also in Iquitos in Peru ( Fig 4 ). This species is restricted to the Amazon region.

Taxonomic comments —Ducke (1933) indicated P. altissima as the tallest species in the genus (20–40 m) and, like P. excelsa , it has high buttress roots on the stem. P. altissima can be distinguished by its reddish bark, smooth branches, differently sized stamen filaments, and glabrous ovary. P. excelsa has grayish bark, rough and lenticellate branches, filaments of equal size, and a pubescent ovary.

Etymology —The specific epithet altissima means excessively tall. It refers to trees that the author described as being around 40 meters tall.

Specimens examined — BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, s.d., A. Ducke INPA 62517 ( INPA ); Mata da terra firme argilosa, 21 August 1929, A. Ducke s.n. ( RB 23279) (Holotype RB); Tocantins: Mata de terra firme, atrás de Vila Nova, 03 December 1940, A. Ducke ( IAN 071133), (Isotype IAN); PERU. Maynas: Iquitos. Rio Momon (tribo Rio Nanay), 28 December 1978, M. Y. Rimachi 4158 ( RB).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Peltogyne species in floodplains, next to river courses or flooding areas in the Amazon.

FIGURE 6. Peltogyne altissima Ducke.A, branch with leaflets (scale: 3 cm). B, inflorescence (scale: 5 cm). C, flower bud (scale: 5 mm). D, fruit (scale: 2 mm). Illustrated by Fábio Júnior Kochanovski.