Hiraea barclayana Benth.

Anderson, C., 2016, Circumscription and nomenclature of Hiraea barclayana, H. reclinata, and H. ternifolia (Malpighiaceae), and of seven species misassigned to them, Blumea 61 (2), pp. 125-146 : 127-129

1. Hiraea barclayana Benth. — Fig. 1 ; Map 1–3

Hiraea barclayana Benth. (1844) 75. — Mascagnia barclayana (Benth.) Nied. (1908) 29. — Type: Barclay 1127 (holo K-hb. Benth.; iso BM, K-hb. Hook., MO), ‘ Libertad in Columbia’ [ El Salvador, La Libertad, La Libertad], Apr. 1837 ( Belcher 1843).

Tetrapterys panamensis Seem. (1853) 92. — Hiraea panamensis (Seem.) Griseb. (1858) 100. — Type: Seemann 1215 (holo BM; iso K), Panama, Veraguas, near Santiago de Veraguas, 1849.

Hiraea velutina Nied. (1906) 6. — Type: Galeotti s.n. (lecto, here designated MICH; isolecto BR), Mexico, Oaxaca, Pinotepa [Nacional], 1839 (McVaugh 1978).

Woody vine, shrub or twining shrub, or small tree to 4 m; stems densely velutinous when young, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite. Laminas of the larger leaves 6–18 by 3–10 cm, elliptical to obovate, apex mucronate or emarginate-mucronate, base truncate in smaller leaves to cordate or auriculate in larger ones, adaxially densely and loosely covered with straight to wavy sessile to subsessile hairs, often intermixed with an understory of V- and Y-shaped hairs, soon glabrescent to glabrous, abaxially velutinous, the hairs mostly Y-shaped but also V-shaped, with a few T-shaped hairs intermixed, stalk to 0.2 mm long, arms of Y- and V-shaped hairs 0.1–0.5 mm long, often uneven, trabecula of T-shaped hairs 0.5–1.4 mm long, mostly straight; margin without glands or with scattered glands 0.2–0.3 mm diam in the distal 1.3 or only near apex; adaxially costa slightly impressed and secondary veins not or very slightly impressed, abaxially costa and secondary veins prominent. Petioles 5–11 by 1.3–2 mm, velutinous, with a pair of glands at apex, each gland 0.5–1.5 mm long. Stipules 2.3–4 mm long, borne in basal 1/3–1/4 of petiole or occasionally at middle. Inflorescences solitary axillary ternate cymes of 4-flowered umbels; umbel without a gland in the centre; inflorescence axis 0–2.5 mm long, bracts 1.2–2.5 mm long and wide; lateral axes 0–3 mm long, subtended by a pair of bracts 1.5–2.5 mm long and wide; peduncles (0.5–)1–8(–11) mm long; bracts and bracteoles subtending pedicels 1.2–2 mm long and wide; pedicels (7–)10–20(–26) by 0.4–0.5 mm, densely covered with sessile to T-shaped hairs (stalk to 0.1 mm); axes and abaxial surface of bracts and bracteoles densely sericeous. On leafless branches inflorescences usually crowded and condensed, sessile to subsessile, pedicels 7–10 mm long. Sepals 2–2.5 by 1.5–2 mm, triangular, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous; anterior sepal eglandular, the lateral four biglandular, glands 1.8–2 mm long, or all sepals eglandular. Petals yellow, glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5–3 mm long, limb of anterior-lateral petals 6–7.5 mm long and wide, of posterior-lateral petals 6.5–8 mm long and wide, all orbicular, margin irregularly and finely denticulate to erose or sometimes subentire but with a few teeth, longest teeth to 0.2(–0.4) mm long; posterior petal with the claw 3–3.5 mm long and thicker than that of lateral petals, limb 5.5–6.5 mm long and wide, orbicular, margin of the distal 1/3–1/2 dentate-fimbriate to lacerate, the proximal 1/2–2/3 erose to subentire, fimbriae 0.2–1 mm long, longest at apex. Stamens glabrous, filaments basally connate. Stamen opposite anterior sepal: filament 3.5–4.5 mm long, anther 1.1–1.3 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments 3–3.3 mm long, anthers 0.6–1.1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.3–4 mm long, anthers 1–1.1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals: filaments 2.5–3 mm long, anthers 0.6–1 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments 3.2–4 mm long, anthers 0.8–1 mm long; stamen opposite posterior petal: filament 2–2.7 mm long, anther 0.5–0.8 mm long. Styles incurved, glabrous; anterior style 3.3–4.2 by 0.4–0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur (0.05–) 0.2–0.3 mm long; posterior styles 3.3–4.2 by 0.3–0.5 mm, apex extended into a spur (0.02–) 0.1–0.2 mm long or sometimes without a spur. Ovary 1.3–1.5 mm long, densely villous. Samara butterfly-shaped; lateral wings (1.5–)2.5–3.3 by 1.5–2.3 cm; dorsal wing or crest 0.2–4.5 mm high, subentire or erose or coarsely dentate; nut subspherical, 3.5–4.5 mm diam, areole 1.5–2 mm diam. Embryo subspherical to spherical, 3.6–4.2 mm diam.

i

Distribution — Southern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas) to northern Nicaragua (Chinandega, Madriz, Nuevo Sego- via), one collection from Veraguas, Panama (type of Tetrapterys panamensis ), northern Colombia (La Guajira, Magdalena), north-western Venezuela (Lara, Zulia).

Habitat & Phenology — In thickets and shrublands, tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forest, seasonal evergreen forest, pine-oak forest; sea level to 1050(–1300) m; collected in flower and fruit from February to June (one flowering collection from December).

Notes — The spreading/erect vesture on the abaxial surface of the lamina of H. barclayana immediately separates it from the partly sympatric H. reclinata , in which the laminas are usually glabrous or have appressed hairs. The new leaves of H. barclayana are densely pubescent on both surfaces, but as the lamina expands, the adaxial surface is soon glabrescent to glabrous. The abaxial vesture persists and is composed largely of V- and Y-shaped hairs (the arms commonly unequal) as well as some T-shaped hairs.The aspect of the vesture changes with the growth of the leaf. The abaxial surface of youngest laminas has the arms of the closely spaced hairs intertwining. As the leaf expands the vesture thins and becomes evenly velutinous, and gradually sparser in older leaves. Only in the oldest leaves is the laminar vesture eventually sloughed off; such leaves superficially appear glabrous but some of the distinctive hairs remain, especially near and on the costa and secondary veins, particularly at and near the base of the lamina.

The ranges of H. reclinata and H. barclayana are largely sympatric, but H. barclayana is much less frequently collected. Surpris- ingly, it is not known from Costa Rica, a country that saw years of intensive collecting in anticipation of the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica ( Malpighiaceae by W.R. Anderson 2007b). The type of Tetrapterys panamensis appears to be the only record of H. barclayana in Panama. Triana & Planchon (1862) cite the name under H. barclayana , as does Hemsley (1879), who had access to this type (as well as that of H. barclayana ). Niedenzu (1928) saw neither type and in his treatment of Tetrapterys lists Seemann’s name under “species incertae mihi invisae” as well as, with question mark, in the synonymy for H. obovata [= H. reclinata ]. Cuatrecasas & Croat (1981) in the Flora of Panama cite Tetrapterys panamensis and the combination in Hiraea as synonyms of H. reclinata .

In the protologue the type of H. barclayana is said to have come from ‘Libertad in Columbia’ ( Bentham 1844), which led Triana & Planchon (1862) to include H. barclayana in their Prodromus of the Colombian flora. Hemsley (1879) states ‘ San Salvador, Libertad’, which is the locality given on the BM isotype. The labels of the duplicates at Kew say only ‘Libertad’, but the labels with the isotypes at MO note ‘Mexico’ as the country of origin. The late William R. Anderson left unpublished notes concerning the type locality and confirmed that it is the port of La Libertad in El Salvador. Captain Belcher (1843; 1: 32–36) in his “Narrative…” of the voyage describes arriving from Nicaragua at “Libertad” in April 1837 and going overland to San Salvador before returning to the port and proceeding to Mexico. Barclay’s specimens are branches bearing fruits and mature leaves. The abaxial vesture was described by Bentham as sparse, which likely led some readers to equate H. barclayana with H. reclinata (and synonyms). One of the two isotypes at MO is a mixture of H. barclayana and a legume.

Niedenzu (1906) based H. velutina on three syntypes: Galeotti s.n. from Oaxaca, Mexico, Seler & Seler 1800 from Chiapas, Mexico, and Lehmann 4636 from Antioquia, Colombia. The Galeotti duplicate at MICH is here designated as lectotype of H. velutina , and the name thus becomes a synonym for H. barclayana . Both the lectotype and isolectotype are annotated by Niedenzu. Lehmann 4636 belongs to H. ternifolia . I did not find any duplicates of Seler & Seler 1800; Niedenzu’s syntype at B was destroyed. Because it was obtained in Chiapas, it is most likely referable to H. barclayana . Until William R. Anderson realized the correct application of the names H. barclayana and H. reclinata during his floristic work on Malpighiaceae , starting in the 1970s, collections of H. barclayana were commonly determined as H. velutina .

Figures

Map 1 Distribution of Hiraea barclayana Benth. in Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador.

Map 2 Distribution of Hiraea barclayana Benth. in Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.

Map 3 Distribution of Hiraea barclayana Benth.(■) in Colombia and Venezuela and H. reclinata Jacq. (●) in Colombia.

Fig. 1 Hiraea barclayana Benth. a. Flowering branch; b. condensed inflorescences on leafless branch; c. large leaf, abaxial view; d. detail showing abaxial vesture of lamina; e. base of lamina, adaxial view, and petiole with a pair of glands and a pair of stipules; f. posterior petal; g. posterior-lateral petal; h. ante- rior-lateral petal; i. portion of androecium, first stamen at left opposite posterior petal; j. gynoecium, anterior style at left; k. samara, adaxial view; l. samara, abaxial view; m. detail of samara showing dorsal winglet (from: a, f–j. Edwards 606, F; b. Renderos 139, MO; c–e. Molina 941, GH; k–m. Villacorta 10859, MO). — Scale bar: a–c = 4 cm; d, m = 4 mm; e = 1.3 cm; f–h = 6.7 mm; i–j = 2.7 mm; k–l = 2 cm. — Drawn by Karin Douthit.