Cyrea, Gordon & Canepari, 2013

González, Guillermo, Kondo, Takumasa, Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor Jaime, Sandoval-Espinel, Madelyn Katherine, Niño-Suárez, Mayra Alejandra & Moreno, Maira Alejandra Zambrano, 2024, Coccinellidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea) from Colombia: A systematic and illustrated list, Zootaxa 5478 (1), pp. 1-172 : 19-53

Cyrea jo Canepari & Gordon , 2016 ( Fig. 16i )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Oroque, Santander del Norte”, deposited in MIZA. Cyrea jo Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 20.

Distribution: Colombia (Norte de Santander).

Remarks: Known only from the type locality.

Cyrea languida ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17a )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHN.

Cleothera (Cyra) languida Mulsant, 1850: 563 .

Hyperaspis languida : Crotch 1874: 216; Korschefsky 1931: 191; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Cyrea languida : Canepari et al. 2016: 119 .

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cauca, Magdalena , Meta, Valle del Cauca), Venezuela.

Cyrea laurie Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 17b )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Valle de Medellin ”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea laurie Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 95 .

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Meta, Tolima ).

Cyrea lillie Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 17c )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Bogota ”, deposited in MNHB .

Cyrea lillie Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 118 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Cyrea maculosa ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17d )

Female lectotype from “ Colombia?”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHN .

Cleothera (Cyra) maculosa Mulsant, 1850: 576 .

Hyperaspis maculosa : Crotch 1874: 220; Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Cyrea maculosa : Canepari et al. 2016: 34 .

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia).

Remarks: Mulsant (1850) indicated its locality as “ Colombia?”, but the type material does not have information about its locality on the label ( Canepari et al. 2016).

Cyrea mariae ( Crotch, 1874) ( Figs. 1e , 17e )

Holotype from “ Colombia ”, deposited in UCCC.

Hyperaspis mariae Crotch, 1874: 220 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea mariae : Canepari et al. 2016: 35 .

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá *).

Cyrea melanura ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17f )

Male lectotype from “ Colombie ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in BMNH. Cleothera (Cyra) melanura Mulsant, 1850: 562 .

Hyperaspis melanura : Crotch 1874: 216; Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Cyrea melaneura (sic!): Canepari et al. 2016: 24 .

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Known only from the lectotype.

Cyrea noticollis ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17g )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHL.

Cleothera (Cyra) noticollis Mulsant, 1850: 588 .

Hyperaspis noticollis : Crotch 1874: 219; Gorham 1894: 200; Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea noticollis : Canepari et al. 2016: 82 ; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 36 .

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Caldas, Cundinamarca, Meta, Santander), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Remarks: Gorham (1894) recorded this species from Costa Rica. The review carried out by Canepari et al. (2016) indicates that the specimens studied do not correspond to C. noticollis .

Cyrea ormanceayi ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17h )

Female lectotype from “Columb.”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHB. Cleothera (Cyra) ormanceayi Mulsant, 1850: 621 .‒ Gordon & Canepari 2008: 252.

Hyperaspis ormanceayi : Crotch 1874: 221; Korschefsky 1931: 193; Blackwelder 1945: 448.

Cyrea ormanceayi : Canepari et al. 2016: 91 .

Cleothera (Cyra) distinguenda Mulsant, 1850: 622 .

Hyperapis distinguenda : Crotch 1874: 221; Gorham 1894: 193; Korschefsky 1931: 187; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 28.

Distribution: Colombia (Bolívar, Tolima ), Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Cyrea pallax ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 17i )

Type material deposited in Sallé collection ( BMNH, in part), but it’s not found there ( Gordon & Canepari 2008).

Cleothera pallax Mulsant, 1850: 574 .‒ Gordon & Canepari 2008: 252; Gordon et al. 2013: 5.

Hyperaspis pallax : Crotch 1874: 219; Korschefsky 1931: 193; Blackwelder 1945: 448.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Venezuela.

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “[Colombia], Cund., Anolaima, 1800 m, 12-VI-[19]48, [leg] G. Contreras / Hyperaspis pallax Mulsant det. Dieke 1962” (CTNI). It is possible that Cyrea brittany Canepari & Gordon, 2016 , corresponds to this species since it has a matching design and coloration.

Cyrea pearl Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 18a )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, 10mi. S. Cali , Valle ”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea pearl Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 37 .

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Valle del Cauca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Cyrea samantha Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 18b )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Aposentos ”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea samantha Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 88 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Cyrea stella Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 18c )

Male holotype from “Columb”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea stella Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 43 .

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Cyrea tessulata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 18d )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHN.

Cleothera (Cyra) tessulata Mulsant, 1850: 578 , 1037.

Hyperaspis tessulata : Crotch 1874: 220; Korschefsky 1931: 197; Blackwelder 1945: 448.

Cyrea tessulata : Canepari & Gordon 2016: 80 .

Cleothera schaufussi Vogel, 1865: 235 .

Hyperaspis schaufussi : Crotch 1874: 220; Korschefsky 1931: 195; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gorham 1894: 201; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea adelaida Weise, 1904b: 362 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 184; Blackwelder 1945: 446.

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Santander, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Ecuador *, Guatemala, Mexico.

Cyrea tredecimguttata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 18e )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Cleothera (Cyra) tredecimguttata Mulsant, 1850: 599 .

Hyperaspis tredecimguttata : Crotch 1874: 221; Korschefsky 1931: 198; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea tredecimguttata : Canepari et al. 2016: 18 .

Distribution: Colombia ( Magdalena , Norte de Santander), Ecuador.

Cyrea trepida ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 18f )

Female lectotype from “l’Amérique méridionale”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHN .

Cleothera (Cyra) trepida Mulsant, 1850: 590 .

Hyperaspis trepida : Crotch 1874: 219; Korschefsky 1931: 198; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea trepida : Canepari et al. 2016: 28 .

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Meta, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Cyrea ustulata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 18g )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2016), deposited in MNHN.

Cleothera (Cyra) ustulata Mulsant, 1850: 566 .

Hyperaspis ustulata : Crotch 1874: 216; Korschefsky 1931: 199; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyrea ustulata : Canepari et al. 2016: 125 .

Cyrea dorsata Mulsant, 1850: 1038 .‒ Blackwelder 1945: 448.

Hyperaspis camelina Crotch, 1874: 217 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 185; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1987: 27.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia.

Cyrea vanessa Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 18h )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Cundinamarca, Monterredondo ”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea vanessa Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 99 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Cyrea viola Canepari & Gordon, 2016 ( Fig. 18i )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Boy., Santa Rosa ”, deposited in USNM .

Cyrea viola Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2016: 24 .

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá).

Dilatitibialis Duverger, 2001

Type species: Cleothera jucunda Mulsant 1850 , by original designation.

Dilatitibialis Duverger, 2001a: 226 .‒ Gordon et al. 2013: 7; Canepari et al. 2013: 3.

Remarks: A genus with 63 species, only one of which is absent from South America, and four are present in Central America and the Antilles. There is no data on the diet of species of this genus ( Gordon et al. 2013).

Dilatitibialis crystal Canepari & Gordon, 2013 ( Fig. 19a )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Cnd. Anapoima”, deposited in USNM .

Dilatitibialis crystal Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2013: 32.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Dilatitibialis florifera ( Vogel, 1865) ( Fig. 19b )

Male lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2013), deposited in DEI. Cleothera florifera Vogel, 1865: 233 .‒ Gordon & Canepari 2008: 252.

Hyperaspis florifera : Korschefsky 1931: 189; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Dilatitibialis florifera : Canepari et al. 2013: 55.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Dilatitibialis jucunda ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 19c )

Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant, 1850). Male lectotype from “Cayenne” ( French Guiana), designated by Canepari et al. (2013), deposited in MNHL.

Cleothera (Cyra) jucunda, Mulsant 1850: 608 .

Hyperaspis jucunda : Crotch 1874: 214; Korschefsky 1931: 190; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 27.

Dilatitibialis jucunda : Duverger 2001a: 226; Canepari et al. 2013: 46.

Distribution: Brazil (?), Colombia (?), French Guiana.

Remarks: The geographical distribution of this species is somewhat confusing, since while Canepari et al. (2013) indicated that it is known only from the lectotype from French Guiana, other authors give Colombia and Brazil ( Mulsant 1850; Crotch 1874; Korschefsky 1931; Blackwelder 1945).

Dilatitibialis luteola ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 19d )

Female lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2013), deposited in DEI .

Cleothera (Cyra) luteola Mulsant, 1850: 563 .

Hyperaspis luteola : Crotch 1874: 216; Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 27.

Cyra luteola : Duverger 2001b: 2.

Dilatitibialis luteola : Canepari et al. 2013: 54.

Distribution: Colombia ( Magdalena , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.

Remarks: The record from French Guiana is based on Duverger (2001b), unpublished, and needs to be confirmed.

Dilatitibialis mulsanti ( Kirsch, 1876) ( Fig. 19e )

Female lectotype from “ Peru ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2013), deposited in SNSD. Cleothera mulsanti Kirsch, 1876: 119 .

Hyperaspis mulsanti : Korschefsky 1931: 192; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Dilatitibialis mulsanti : Canepari et al. 2013: 19.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador, Peru.

Dilatitibialis norma Canepari & Gordon, 2013 ( Fig. 19f )

Male holotype from “ Brazil, Sta. Catarina”, deposited in MNHB .

Dilatitibialis norma Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2013: 15.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Dilatitibialis scenica ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 19g )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Canepari et al. (2013), deposited in MNHL.

Cleothera (Cyra) scenica Mulsant, 1850: 580 .

Hyperaspis scenica : Crotch 1874: 220; Korschefsky 1931: 195; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon 1987: 27.

Dilatitibialis scenica : Canepari et al. 2013: 36.

Cleothera (Cyra) retigera Mulsant, 1850: 583 .

Hyperaspis retigera : Crotch 1874: 214; Korschefsky 1931: 195; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon 1987: 27.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia ( Magdalena *, Santander).

Dilatitibialis sheila Canepari & Gordon, 2013 ( Fig. 19h )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, nr. Saladito , Valle ”, deposited in USNM .

Dilatitibialis sheila Canepari & Gordon , in Canepari et al. 2013: 62.

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Valle del Cauca).

Hinda Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Hinda designata Mulsant, 1850 , by monotypy.

Hinda Mulsant, 1850: 518 .‒ Crotch 1874: 213; Korschefsky 1931: 177; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Chapin 1966: 280; Milléo et al. 1997: 391; Almeida & Milléo 2000: 68; Milléo & Almeida 2007: 422; Gordon et al. 2013: 10; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 36.

Hynda Weise 1895a: 127 .

Remarks: A genus with four species, restricted to northern South America. There is no information concerning the diet of species in this genus ( Gordon et al. 2013).

Hinda decas Weise, 1902 ( Fig. 19i )

Lectotype from “ Manizales , Colombia ”, designated by Almeida & Milléo (2000), deposited in MNHB.

Hinda decas Weise, 1902: 171 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 177; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1987: 26; Almeida & Milléo 2000: 74; Gordon et al. 2013: 11.

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas).

Hinda decemverrucata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 1f , 20a )

Female lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC .

Cleothera (Cyra) decemverrucata Mulsant, 1850: 603 .

Hyperaspis decemverrucata : Crotch 1874: 213; Korschefsky 1931: 187; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1987: 27.

Hinda decemverrucata : Almeida & Milléo 2000: 85; Gordon et al. 2013: 12.

Cleothera (Cyra) decemverrucata var. consanguis Mulsant, 1850: 605 .

Hyperaspis decemverrucata var. consanguis : Crotch 1874: 213; Korschefsky 1931: 187.

Cleothera consanguis : Gordon et al. 2013: 5.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Antioquia *, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander).

Remarks: Gordon et al. (2013) indicated that the type material of Cleothera consanguis is lost and did not include it as a synonym of Hinda decemverrucata .

Hinda designata Mulsant, 1850 ( Figs. 1g , 20b )

Lectotype from “Santa-Fé de Bogota ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Hinda designata Mulsant, 1850: 518 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 187; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1987: 26; Almeida & Milléo 2000: 75; Almeida et al. 2007: 66.

Hyperaspis designata : Crotch 1874: 213.

Hinda 15- maculata Weise, 1895a: 127 .

Hinda quinquedecimmaculata : Korschefsky 1931: 177; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon et al. 2013: 13.

Helesius caseyi Sicard, 1912a: 135 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 202; Blackwelder 1945: 448; Gordon & Canepari 2008: 257. Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *, Boyacá *, Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Santander, Valle del Cauca).

Serratitibia Gordon & Canepari, 2013

Type species: Cleothera (Cyra) decemsignata Mulsant, 1850 , by original designation.

Serratitibia Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al., 2013: 16.‒ Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 39.

Remarks: A South American genus with 93 species, widely distributed in South America, except from Chile, with one species present in Panama. Information about the diet of species in this genus is unknown ( Gordon et al. 2013).

Serratitibia arcualis ( Mulsant, 1853) ( Fig. 20c )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1972), deposited in ZMMU.

Cleothera arcualis Mulsant, 1853: 214 .

Hyperaspis arcualis : Korschefsky 1931: 184; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1972: 171.

Serratitibia arcualis : Gordon et al. 2013: 39.

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Gordon et al. (2013) indicated that this species is probably synonymous with S. bisquatuorpustulata (Mulsant) but maintain the validity of both species.

Serratitibia ashley Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 20d )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Fusagasugá , Cnd ”, deposited in USNM .

Serratitibia ashley Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 39.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Peru (?).

Remarks: The specimen from Peru was not included in the type series due to slight differences in the morphology of the male genitalia.

Serratitibia bisquatuorpustulata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 1h , 20e )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Cleothera (Cyra) bisquatuorpustulata Mulsant, 1850: 634 .‒ Gorham 1894: 192 (as a synonym of Hyperaspis jocosa Mulsant, 1850 ).

Hyperaspis bisquatuorpustulata : Crotch 1874: 222; Kirsch 1876: 123; Brèthes 1925b: 11.

Hyperaspis jocosa ab. bisquatuorpustulata : Korschefsky 1931: 190; Blackwelder 1945: 447; Gordon 1987: 28.

Serratitibia bisquatuorpustulata : Gordon et al. 2013: 38.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador (?), Peru (?).

Remarks: The geographical distribution of this species is confusing since several authors cited it from countries that were not confirmed by latter authors. Gordon et al. (2013) reported it with doubts from Ecuador and did not cite it from Peru. There are dubious records from Panama and Mexico, which correspond to records of Hyperaspis bisquatuorpustulata as a synonym or aberration of Hyperaspis jocosa ( Mulsant, 1850) , a species that is found in those countries ( Gorham 1894; Blackwelder 1945).

Serratitibia brenda Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 20f )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Amazonas , Leticia ”, deposited in USNM .

Serratitibia brenda Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 37.

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Meta).

Serratitibia galliardi ( Mulsant, 1853) ( Fig. 20g )

Type locality “l’Amérique mérdionale” ( Mulsant 1853). Lectotype from “Columb.”, designated by Gordon et al. (2013), deposited in ZMMU.

Cleothera galliardi Mulsant, 1853: 201 .

Hyperaspis galliardi : Crotch 1874: 214; Korschefsky 1931: 189; Blackwelder 1945: 447.

Serratitibia gaillardi (sic!): Gordon et al. 2013: 43.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia.

Remarks: All authors after Mulsant (1953) indicate “ Brazil ” as its geographical distribution, but the lectotype is clearly from Colombia.

Serratitibia joan Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 20h )

Male holotype from “ Ecuador, Napo Prov., 2000m, 7km S. Baeza”, deposited in USNM. Serratitibia joan Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 72.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Huila), Ecuador.

Serratitibia judith Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 20i )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Leticia , Via Los Lagos ”, deposited in ICN .

Serratitibia judith Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 74.

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas).

Remarks: Known only from the type locality.

Serratitibia kelly Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 21a )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Anchicaya Dam , 70km E. Buenaventura, Valle ”, deposited in USNM .

Serratitibia kelly Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 59.

Distribution: Colombia (Valle del Cauca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Serratitibia nancy Gordon & Canepari, 2013 ( Fig. 21b )

Male holotype from “ Ecuador, Sucumbios, San Rafael Falls ”, deposited in CSCA .

Serratitibia nancy Gordon & Canepari , in Gordon et al. 2013: 95.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador.

Cephaloscymnini Gordon, 1985

Neaporia Gorham, 1897 ( Fig. 2a )

Type species: Prodilis metallica Gorham, 1897 , by subsequent designation by Casey (1908).

Neaporia Gorham, 1897: 217 .‒ Casey 1908: 407; Weise 1904b: 362; Korschefsky 1931: 109 (as a synonym of Prodilis ); Blackwelder 1945: 444 (as a synonym of Prodilis ); Gordon & Hanley 2017: 9.

Remarks: A genus with around 52 species distributed from Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, 30 of them are found in South America. As for the other genera of the tribe, its feeding habits are unknown, except for the reference to a probably occasional association with Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) ( Gordon & Hanley 2017).

Neaporia hilda Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21c )

Male holotype from “ Columbia ; La Unión, Cnd.” deposited in USNM .

Neaporia hilda Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 23 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Valle del Cauca).

Neaporia laboulbenii ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 21d )

Female holotype deposited in UCCC. Type locality “ Brazil ” .

Scymnus laboulbenii Mulsant, 1850: 992 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 160; Gordon 1987: 32.

Neaporia laboulbenii : Gordon & Hanley 2017: 38.

Distribution: Brazil (?), Colombia (Norte de Santander), Panama, Venezuela.

Remarks: Although the species was described from Brazil, the holotype in the Crotch collection, from Mulsant, indicates “Bogotá”, which leaves its presence in Brazil in doubt.

Prodilis Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Prodilis pallidifrons Mulsant, 1850 , by monotypy.

Prodilis Mulsant, 1850: 898 .‒ Crotch 1874: 276; Weise 1904b: 363; Korschefsky 1931: 109; Blackwelder 1945: 444; Gordon & Hanley 2017: 51.

Scymnus (Volgus) Mulsant, 1853: 147 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 110.

Prodiloides Weise, 1922: 36 .‒ Korschefsky 1931: 110.

Aneaporia Casey, 1908 .‒ 407; Korschefsky 1931: 108.

Remarks: A genus with 76 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with 56 species in South America. Like the other genera of the tribe, there is no information on the feeding habits of species of the genus ( Gordon & Hanley 2017).

Prodilis belinda Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21e )

Male holotype from “ Monterredondo, Cundinamarca, Kolumb ”, deposited in USNM. Prodilis belinda Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 65 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the type locality.

Prodilis isabel Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21f )

Male holotype from “ Buga , Val ” ( Colombia), deposited in USNM .

Prodilis isabel Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 79 .

Distribution: Colombia (Valle del Cauca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Prodilis madeline Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21g )

Male holotype from “ Zipaquirra-Pacho , Cund.” ( Colombia), deposited in USNM .

Prodilis madeline Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 94 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Prodilis maggie Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21h )

Male holotype from “ S. America ” ( Colombia), deposited in BMNH .

Prodilis maggie Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 100 .

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Prodilis molly Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 21i )

Male holotype from “ Santa Anna , Colombia ”, deposited in USNM .

Prodilis molly Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 81 .

Distribution: Colombia ( Magdalena ).

Remarks: Known only from the type locality.

Prodilis olivia Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 22a )

Male holotype from “Cald. Salento” ( Colombia), deposited in USNM .

Prodilis olivia Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 75 .

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca).

Prodilis pallidifrons Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 22b )

Lectotype from “ Nouvelle Grenade” ( Colombia), designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Prodilis pallidifrons Mulsant, 1850: 898 .‒ Crotch 1874: 276; Weise 1904b: 363; Korschefsky 1931: 111; Blackwelder 1945: 444; Gordon 1987: 33; Gordon & Hanley 2017: 57.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Panama (?).

Remarks: Known only from the lectotype.

Prodilis ramona Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 22c )

Male holotype from “ Cald , Salento ” ( Colombia), deposited in USNM .

Prodilis ramona Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 58 .

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Valle del Cauca), Venezuela.

Prodilis sheryl Gordon & Hanley, 2017 ( Fig. 22d )

Male holotype from “ Colombia ”, deposited in USNM .

Prodilis sheryl Gordon & Hanley, 2017: 68 .

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Chilocorini Mulsant, 1846

Chilocorus Leach, 1815

Type species: Coccinella cacti Linnaeus, 1767 , by original designation.

Chilocorus Leach, 1815: 116 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 452; Crotch 1874: 183; Gorham 1892: 175; Chapin 1965a: 263; Korschefsky 1932: 237; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Gordon 1985a: 641; Corrêa 2008: 13; Li et al. 2019: 454; Poorani 2023: 32.

Anisorcus Crotch, 1874: 190 .‒ Li et al. 2020: 461.

Egius Mulsant, 1850: 464 .‒ Crotch 1874: 188; Korschefsky 1932: 452; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Chapin 1965a: 265; Li et al. 2020: 461.

Phaenochilus Weise, 1895a: 135 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 237; Chapin 1965a: 267; Li et al. 2020: 461.

Simmondsius Ahmad & Ghani, 1966: 109 .‒ Li et al. 2020: 461.

Remarks: A cosmopolitan genus with approximately 100 species ( Li et al. 2019, 2020; Poorani 2023), 11 of them present in the Americas. Of the three species present in South America, two have been introduced from the Old World for biological control purposes. The species of the genus are active control agents of armoured scales ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ), and to a lesser extent of adelgids, aphids, soft scales, monophlebids and psyllids ( Hemiptera : Adelgidae , Aphididae , Coccidae , Monophlebidae and Psyllidae ). Gordon (1985a) listed a long list of prey species for this genus. Kondo et al. (2015) reported species of this genus (including the two species cited for Colombia), as natural predators of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ).

Chilocorus cacti ( Linnaeus, 1767) ( Figs. 2b , 22e )

Type material from “América”, it should be deposited in LSL, however, it has not been studied ( Gordon 1985a).

Coccinella cacti Linnaeus, 1767: 584 .‒ Say 1835: 202.

Chilocorus cacti : Mulsant 1850: 459; Crotch 1874: 184; Gorham 1892: 175; Korschefsky 1932: 245; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Gordon 1985a: 646, 1987: 23.

Chilocorus confusor Casey, 1899: 105 .

Distribution: Barbados, Belize, Colombia (Antioquia *, Casanare *, César, Magdalena , Norte de Santander *, San Andrés y Providencia, Sucre *, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Cuba , Dominican Republic *, French Guiana,Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras *, Jamaica *, Martinique, Mexico, Monserrat*, Nicaragua, Trinidad and Tobago *, USA, Venezuela *.

Remarks: A species native to the Americas. Attempts have been made to introduce it to other continents for biological control, such as in India ( Misra et al. 1984), but apparently it has not established there ( Poorani 2002). In the Americas it has been mentioned in the control of the false carmine cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) ( Hemiptera : Dactylopiidae ), among other pests. In Mexico, Machkour-M’rabet et al. (2015) studied the role of C. cacti as a natural predator of the red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst, 1924 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae ), an important pest worldwide. In the same work, the authors listed a dozen species of Coccidae , Dactylopiidae , Diaspididae and Psyllidae that are natural prey of the species on various crops (e.g. avocado, cactus, citrus and mango). The biology and life cycle of the species was studied in Mexico by Villanueva (2016).

Chilocorus nigrita ( Fabricius, 1798) ( Figs. 2c , 22f )

Type material lost ( Booth 1998).

Coccinella nigrita Fabricius, 1798: 79 .

Chilocorus nigrita : Poorani 2002: 312, 2023: 54; Corrêa 2008: 16.

Chilocorus nigritus : Mulsant 1850: 463; Crotch 1874: 184; Korschefsky 1932: 240; Gordon 1987: 23.

Orcus cerberus Mulsant, 1846: 148 .

Distribution: Brazil, British Virgin Islands *, Colombia (Valle del Cauca), French Guiana, Grenada *, Guadeloupe *, Honduras *, Panama *, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago *, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks:A species of Indian origin; it has been introduced for biological control in numerous countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania ( Lucas 2012; Thomas & Blanchard 2013; Poorani 2023). It is an important species in the biological control of scales, considered an excellent predator of armoured scales ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ) and others Coccomorpha ( Thomas & Blanchard 2013; Poorani 2023). In Venezuela, Arcaya et al. (2018) recorded this species feeding on diaspidids on Washingtonia ( Arecaceae ).

Curinus Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Orcus (Curinus) coeruleus Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Orcus (Curinus) Mulsant, 1850: 472 .

Curinus : Crotch 1874: 190; Gorham 1892: 176; Korschefsky 1932: 252; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Chapin 1965a: 244; Corrêa 2008: 20, 2012: 98; Poorani 2023: 72.

Remarks: A genus with three species described in South America, one of which is present in the Antilles and Mexico. Peck (2005) included Exochomus peleus ( Mulsant, 1853) in the genus, but this species was excluded from the genus by Chapin (1965a). Kondo et al. (2016) reported species of this genus (including the two species cited for Colombia), as natural predators of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ). Lima & Barbosa (1988) studied the biology and life cycle of Curinus coeruleus ( Mulsant, 1850) , feeding on Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ), in Brazil. See dietary information in Remarks on Curinus coeruleus .

Curinus coeruleus ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 22g )

Type material from “ Brésil ” deposited in MNHL.

Orcus (Curinus) coeruleus Mulsant, 1850: 472 .

Curinus coeruleus Crotch 1874: 190 ; Gorham 1892: 176; Weise 1904a: 196, 1910b: 60; Korschefsky 1932: 252; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Gordon 1987: 24; Corrêa 2008: 23, 2012: 103; Serra et al. 2013: 220; González 2015: 233; Poorani 2023: 73.

Distribution: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia (Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, El Salvador *, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras *, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua *, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia *, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks: A species native to the Americas. It has been used for biological control and introduced in Asia and Oceania ( Poorani 2023). Their prey includes several species of Aleyrodidae , Aphididae , Pseudococcidae , Psyllidae and Thysanoptera ( Soemargono et al. 2008). These authors also studied the life cycle in Malaysia, fed with Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ) ( Soemargono et al. 2008). Guagliumi (1967) mentioned Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), being preyed upon by this species in Venezuela ( Cermeli 1983).

Curinus colombianus Chapin, 1965 ( Figs. 2d , 22h )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, dept. Valle del Cauca, Palmira ”, deposited in USNM .

Curinus colombianus Chapin, 1965b: 150 .‒ Corrêa 2012: 106.

Distribution: Belize, Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Santander, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.

Remarks: New record for Venezuela: “Venezuela, Lara, leg. Y. Solano” (MJMO). Kondo et al. (2015) reported this species among the enemies of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ), in Colombia.

Harpasus Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Orcus (Harpasus) pallidilabris Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Orcus (Harpasus) Mulsant, 1850: 473 .

Curinus (in part): Crotch 1874: 190; Korschefsky 1932: 252; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Harpasus : Chapin 1965a: 239; Almeida & Carvalho 2006: 31; González et al. 2008: 43; Corrêa & Almeida 2010: 351.

Remarks: A genus with seven described species; restricted to South America. According to collection records it feeds on Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy, 1907) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), Triozoida limbata (Enderlein, 1918) ( Hemiptera : Triozidae ), Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy, 1907) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ), and on an undetermined Diaspididae ( Corrêa & Almeida 2010) .

Harpasus ferrugineus Corrêa & Almeida, 2010 ( Figs. 2e , 22i )

Female holotype from “ Vichada. Puerto Carreño ” ( Colombia), deposited in DZUP .

Harpasus ferrugineus Corrêa & Almeida, 2010: 357 .

Distribution: Colombia (Vichada), Venezuela *.

Harpasus quadrifolium González et al., 2008 ( Figs. 2f , 23a )

Male holotype from “ Chanchamayo ” ( Peru), deposited in MKRB .

Harpasus quadrifolium González et al., 2008: 44 .‒ Corrêa & Almeida 2010: 352.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Peru, Venezuela.

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, Cundinamarca, Melgar, N4°12’ W74°37’, 342m, 22-X-2011, J. Sarita, captura con jama [captured with a net]” (UNAB).

Zagreus Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Exochomus (Zagreus) bimaculosus Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Chapin (1965a).

Exochomus (Zagreus) Mulsant, 1850: 488 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 253.

Exochomus (in part): Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus : Chapin 1965a: 240; Corrêa 2008: 30; Corrêa & Almeida 2010: 351; González & Almeida 2017: 9.

Remarks: A genus with 19 species, predominantly South American, with one species in Jamaica and another in Central America. Its prey includes several species of Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha and other arthropods (see remarks under Z. bimaculosus ).

Zagreus adelae ( Crotch, 1874) ( Figs. 2g , 23b )

Lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Exochomus adelae Crotch, 1874: 194 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 262; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus adelae : Chapin 1965a: 242; Gordon 1987: 24; Corrêa 2012: 140.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Santander).

Zagreus bimaculosus ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 2h , 13f , 23c )

Type material from “Cayenne”, presumably deposited in MNHL ( Gordon 1987).

Exochomus (Zagreus) bimaculosus Mulsant, 1850: 488 .

Exochomus bimaculosus : Crotch 1874: 193; Weise 1910b: 60; Korschefsky 1932: 262; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus bimaculosus : Chapin 1965a: 242; Gordon 1987: 24; González 2013a: 48; Corrêa 2012: 141.

Exochomus (Zagreus) cinctipennis Mulsant, 1850: 890 .

Zagreus bimaculosus var. cinctipennis : Korschefsky 1932: 262; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus cinctipennis : Chapin 1965a: 242.

Exochomus (Zagreus) gaubili Mulsant, 1850: 491 .

Exochomus bimaculosus var. gaubili : Korschefsky 1932: 262; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus gaubili : Chapin 1965a: 242.

Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia (Casanare, Meta), French Guiana, Martinique, Panama *, Paraguay, Uruguay *, Venezuela.

Remarks: González (2013a) cited the species for Bolivia, without indicating the collecting data, which is now included: “ Bolivia, Cochabamba, Chapare, El Palmar. I-1958 ” (JEBC). Silva et al. (in press),gathered bibliographical and field information on the species, establishing predation records on Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ), Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell, 1896) and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ), Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, 1914) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) ( Hemiptera : Dactylopiidae ), an unidentified Margarodidae (likely Monophlebidae ), and Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) ( Lepidoptera : Erebidae ). Lima et al. (2016) studied its biology and life cycle when fed on F. dasylirii (Cockerell, 1896) . Paranhos & Gama (2021) developed a breeding system aimed at its use in biological control, feeding it with D. echinocacti .

Zagreus bistillatus (Weise, 1895) ( Fig. 23d )

Type material deposited in MNHB. Corrêa (2012) designated and labeled a non-valid lectotype from “Columb. / Idaudiugo” ( MNHB) in an informal publication .

Exochomus bistillatus Weise, 1895a: 126 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 262; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus bistillatus : Chapin 1965a: 242.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca).

Zagreus guttatus (Weise, 1910) ( Figs. 3a , 23e )

Type material from “ Bolivia: Mapiri” in MNHB ( Weise, 1910a). Lectotype with labels of Gordon , but unpublished, not valid ( Corrêa 2012).

Exochomus guttatus Weise, 1910a: 48 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 263; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus guttatus : Chapin 1965a: 242; Corrêa 2012: 151.

Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila *, Quindío *, Risaralda *, Santander, Valle del Cauca), Ecuador.

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Nirvana Natural Reserve, 1500m, 3-XI-2014, leg. González, G. y T. Kondo” (CPGG).

Zagreus kondoi González & Almeida, 2017 ( Fig. 23f )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Antioquia, (Suroeste), Jardín, 7 km S Ventanas , car. Riosucio km 18”, deposited in CTNI .

Zagreus kondoi González & Almeida, 2017: 14 .

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca).

Zagreus similatus González & Almeida, 2017 ( Fig. 23g )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Antioquia, (Suroeste), Jardín, 7 km S Ventanas , car. Riosucio km 22”, deposited in CTNI .

Zagreus similatus González & Almeida, 2017: 17 .

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia).

Remarks: Known only from the type locality.

Zagreus subcoeruleus (Weise, 1885) ( Fig. 23h )

Type locality “Columbien”. Type material deposited in MNHB. Corrêa (2012) designated and labeled a not valid lectotype ( MNHB) in an informal publication .

Exochomus subcoeruleus Weise, 1885c: 231 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 264; Blackwelder 1945: 451.

Zagreus subcoeruleus : Chapin 1965a: 242; Corrêa 2012: 159.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca), Costa Rica.

Zagreus tetraspilus Chapin, 1965 ( Figs. 3b , 23i )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Int. Chocó, Itsmina ”, deposited in USNM .

Zagreus tetraspilus Chapin, 1965b: 149 .‒ Corrêa 2012: 160.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *, Chocó).

Chnoodini Mulsant, 1850

Chnoodes Chevrolat, 1843

Type species: Chnoodes chaudoiri Mulsant, 1850 by subsequent designation by Gordon (2007a).

Chnoodes Chevrolat 1836: 437 nomen nudum.

Chnoodes Chevrolat 1843: 612 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 908; Crotch 1874: 286; Gorham 1895: 215; Korschefsky 1932: 225; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 2007a: 1; González 2013b: 66; Krüger et al. 2016: 270; Krüger 2018: 23.

Chapinella Gordon, 1996b: 27 .‒ Gordon 2007a: 1.

Remarks: A genus with 39 currently known species, 36 of them in South America, with a few present in Central America, North America ( Mexico) and the Antilles. Giorgi et al. (2009), reported as of “unknown diet” for the genus. There is a record of the genus preying on Coccidae (see Remarks under Chnoodes terminalis ).

Chnoodes nigra Weise, 1895 ( Fig. 24a )

Syntype deposited in MNHB. Revised and designated as not a valid lectotype in a non-formal publication ( Churata 2016). Type locality “ Paraguay ” .

Chnoodes nigra Weise, 1895a: 131 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Churata 2016: 39; Krüger 2018: 36.

Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca, Meta), Grenada, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Chnoodes terminalis Mulsant, 1850 ( Figs. 3c , 24b )

Syntypes from “ Colombie ”, deposited in MNHL. Not a valid lectotype was designated by Krüger (2018) based on photographs of the syntypes, in a non-formal publication. Type locality “la Colombie ” .

Chnoodes terminalis Mulsant, 1850: 913 .‒ Crotch 1874: 287; Gorham 1895: 215; Brèthes 1925a: 7; Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34; Churata 2016: 30; Krüger 2018: 45.

Exoplectra rubripes Mulsant, 1850: 923 .‒ Gordon 1987: 34.

Chnoodes byssina Mulsant, 1850: 913 .

Chnoodes terminalis ab. byssina : Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450.

Exoplectra rubripes var. fastidiosa Mulsant, 1850: 924 .

Chnoodes terminalis ab. fastidiosa: Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450.

Distribution: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena , Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Cuba , Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

Remarks: González (2015) recorded this species from Peru based on a mistaken identification. Churata (2016), according to González (2016b), recorded its association with agave plants, feeding on armoured scales ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ). Lanuza-Garay (2014) evaluated the predatory capacity of adults on the mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1899) ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ).

Dapolia Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Chnoodes fallax Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Dapolia Mulsant, 1850: 1042 .‒ Crotch 1874: 287; Philippi 1887: 790; Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Churata 2016: 46.

Remarks: A South American genus with eigth species, restricted to Brazil and Colombia. Nothing is known about their feeding habits.

Dapolia ahena ( Mulsant, 1850)

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ”.

Chnoodes ahena Mulsant, 1850: 915 .

Dapolia ahena : Crotch 1874: 288; Brèthes 1925a: 8; Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 35.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia.

Dapolia corallina ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 24c )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Chnoodes corallina Mulsant, 1850: 909 .

Dapolia corallina : Mulsant, 1850: 1043; Crotch 1874: 287; Brèthes 1925a: 8; Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Dapolia deglandi ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 24d )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Chnoodes deglandi Mulsant, 1850: 914 .

Dapolia deglandi : Mulsant, 1850: 1043; Crotch 1874: 288; Korschefsky 1932: 226; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 35; Churata 2016: 49.

Chnoodes dimidiatipes Mulsant, 1850: 915 .‒ Crotch 1874: 288.

Dapolia deglandei var. dimidiatipes (sic!): Brèthes 1925d: 207.

Chnoodes haemorrhois Mulsant, 1853: 261 .

Chnoodes innocua Mulsant, 1850: 914 .

Dapolia deglandi var. dubitata Mulsant, 1850: 914 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450.

Dapolia deglandi var. fulvicauda Mulsant, 1850: 914 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia.

Remarks: Crotch (1874) cited this species for Chile, which has been followed by subsequent authors, except González (2008), who indicated that the species is not present in Chile, hence it should be removed from the lists.

Dapolia haematina ( Mulsant, 1850)

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Chnoodes haematina Mulsant, 1850: 908 .

Dapolia haematina : Mulsant, 1850: 1043; Crotch 1874: 287; Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34.

Distribution: Colombia.

Dioria Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Dioria sordida Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Dioria Mulsant, 1850: 936 .‒ Crotch 1874: 295; Gorham 1897: 217; Korschefsky 1931: 94; Blackwelder 1945: 443.

Remarks: A genus with four species described from South America, including one that extends to Panama and Mexico. The genus has been erroneously cited from Chile (see Remarks under the species Dioria setigera Mulsant, 1850 ). Nothing is known about their feeding habits.

Dioria setigera Mulsant, 1850 ( Figs. 3d , 24e )

Type material deposited in BMNH, according to Gordon (1987), who pointed out that there could also be type material at MHNL. Type locality “ Valparaíso ” .

Dioria setigera Mulsant, 1850: 937 .‒ Crotch 1874: 296; Philippi 1887: 791; Korschefsky 1931: 94; Blackwelder 1945: 443; Gordon 1987: 36; Churata 2016: 57.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca *), Ecuador.

Remarks: Mulsant (1850) cited this species as present in Valparaíso ( Chile), which has been followed by subsequent authors, except González (2008), who indicated that the species is not present in the country and should be removed from the lists.

Exoplectra Chevrolat, 1836

Type species: Coccinella coccinea Fabricius, 1801 , by subsequent designation by Korschefsky (1932).

Exoplectra Chevrolat, 1836: 437 .‒ Chevrolat 1844: 545; Mulsant 1850: 916; Crotch 1874: 284; Gorham 1895: 213; Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1985a: 670; Costa 2006: 6; Costa et al. 2008: 366; González 2013b: 68.

Remarks: A genus with 36 described species, 30 of them found in South America, with two species known from Guatemala and some from Mexico and the USA. There is little information of their feeding habits, including few records on various Hemiptera ( Aleyrodidae , Aphididae , Diaspididae and Monophlebidae ) ( Churata 2016). Almeida et al. (2011) recorded E. miniata ( Germar, 1824) feeding on extrafloral nectaries.

Exoplectra coccinea ( Fabricius, 1801) ( Fig. 24f )

Lectotype from “Am. mer.”, designated by Costa et al. (2008), deposited in ZMUC.

Coccinella coccinea Fabricius, 1801: 357 .

Exoplectra coccinea : Mulsant 1850: 924; Crotch 1874: 285; Korschefsky 1932: 228; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34; Costa 2006: 24; Costa et al. 2008: 372.

Exoplectra coccinea var. armipes Mulsant, 1850: 924 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 228; Blackwelder 1945: 450.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Boyacá), French Guiana, Suriname.

Exoplectra consentanea Mulsant, 1850

Type material should be deposited in MHNL ( Gordon 1987). Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Exoplectra consentanea Chevrolat 1836: 437 nomen nudum.

Exoplectra consentanea Mulsant, 1850: 922 .‒ Crotch 1874: 285; Korschefsky 1932: 228; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34.

Distribution: Colombia.

Oryssomus Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Oryssomus subterminatus, Mulsant, 1850 , by monotypy.

Oryssomus Mulsant, 1850: 939 .‒ Crotch 1874: 292; Gorham 1895: 210; Korschefsky 1931: 176; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1974: 146; Almeida & Lima 1995: 702; Almeida & Santos 2014: 44.

Remarks: A South American genus with nine species, distributed mainly in northern South America, Central America, and one species reaching as far as Mexico. Nothing is known about its diet.

Oryssomus subterminatus Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 24g )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1974), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ”.

Oryssomus subterminatus Mulsant, 1850: 939 .‒ Crotch 1874: 292; Gorham 1895: 210; Korschefsky 1931: 176; Blackwelder 1945: 446; Gordon 1974: 148, 1987: 35; Almeida & Lima 1995: 703; Almeida & Santos 2014: 51.

Distribution: Belize, Brazil, Colombia ( Magdalena ), Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Sidonis Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Aulis consanguínea Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Churata-Salcedo et al. (2017).

Aulis (Sidonis) Mulsant, 1850: 935 .‒ Mulsant 1853: 327; Crotch 1874: 293; Korschefsky 1931: 95.

Aulis (in part): Blackwelder 1945: 443.

Sidonis : Churata 2016: 79; Churata-Salcedo et al. 2017: 501.

Remarks: A genus with seven species, all present in South America. The feeding habits for species of the genus are unknown.

Sidonis consanguinea ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 24h )

Lectotype designated by Churata-Salcedo et al. (2017), deposited in MNHL. Type locality “la Colombie ”.

Aulis (Sidonis) consanguinea Mulsant, 1850: 935 .

Aulis consanguinea : Mulsant 1853: 327; Crotch 1874: 294; Korschefsky 1931: 95; Blackwelder 1945: 443.

Sidonis consanguinea : Churata-Salcedo et al. 2017: 503.

Distribution: Colombia.

Siola Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Siola boillaei Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Korschefsky (1932).

Siola Mulsant, 1850: 931 .‒ Crotch 1874: 288; Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450; González 2013b: 72.

Remarks: A genus with four species, from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Nothing is known about their feeding habits.

Siola boillaei Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 24i )

Type material deposited in BMNH ( Gordon 1987). Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant, 1850).

Siola boillaei Mulsant, 1850: 931 .‒ Crotch 1874: 288; Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34.

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Magdalena , Norte de Santander, Santander).

Siola garnieri Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 25a )

Type material deposited in BMNH ( Gordon 1987). Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant, 1850).

Siola garnieri Mulsant, 1850: 932 .‒ Crotch 1874: 288; Korschefsky 1932: 227; Blackwelder 1945: 450; Gordon 1987: 34.

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: Known only from the type material.

Coccidulini Mulsant, 1846

Eupalea Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Eupalea formosa Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Eupalea Mulsant, 1850: 889 .‒ Crotch 1874: 290; Gorham 1895: 209; Korschefsky 1931: 104; Blackwelder 1945: 443; Almeida & Gordon 1990: 314; Gordon 1994a: 732.

Remarks: A genus with 17 species, 14 in South America, two in Central America and one in Mexico. One species was recorded preying on psyllids ( Hemiptera : Psyllidae ) ( Fraga et al. 1986). Almeida & Gordon (1990) suggested that these could be the usual prey of the genus, along with Coleoptera larvae. Ferreira & Almeida (2000) studied the immature stages of Eupalea reinhardti Crotch, 1874 , including data on its biology, and reported collections of specimens preying on Psylla sp. ( Psyllidae ). Saini & Coll (1996) indicated it as part of the complex of coccinellids that feed on Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer, 1919) ( Hemiptera : Psyllidae ) and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) on yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A.St. -Hil.; Aquifoliaceae ) crops in Argentina.

Eupalea aurantia Almeida & Gordon, 1990 ( Fig. 25b )

Male holotype from “ Colombia, Cundinamarca, La Aguadita”, deposited in USNM .

Eupalea aurantia Almeida & Gordon, 1990: 323 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Eupalea colombiensis Almeida & Gordon, 1990 ( Fig. 25c )

Female holotype from “ Manizales ” ( Colombia), deposited in MNHN .

Eupalea colombiensis Almeida & Gordon, 1990: 323 .

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas).

Remarks: Known only from the holotype.

Eupalea formosa Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 25d )

Female lectotype from “ Colombia ”, designated by Almeida & Gordon (1990), deposited in BMNH .

Eupalea formosa Mulsant, 1850: 890 .‒ Crotch 1874: 290; Blackwelder 1945: 443; Korschefsky 1931: 105; Almeida & Gordon 1990: 327; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 43.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador.

Remarks: Males unknown.

Eupalea mniszechii Crotch, 1874 ( Fig. 25e )

Female lectotype from “ Bogotá ” ( Colombia), designated by Almeida & Gordon (1990), deposited in MNHN .

Eupalea mniszechii Crotch, 1874: 290 .‒ Gordon 1987: 35.

Eupalea mniszechi Korschefsky 1931: 105 ; Blackwelder 1945: 443; Almeida & Gordon 1990: 326.

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: Males unknown.

Coccinellini Mulsant, 1846

Anatis Mulsant, 1846

Type species: Coccinella ocellata Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy.

Anatis Mulsant, 1846: 133 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 132, 1866: 103; Crotch 1874: 124; Korschefsky 1932: 547; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 303; Gordon 1985a: 752; Kuznetzov 1997: 203; Vandenberg 2002a: 388.

Palla Mulsant 1850: 273 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 188; Crotch 1874: 126; Korschefsky 1932: 557; Blackwelder 1945: 454.

Pelina Mulsant, 1850: 271 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 187; Crotch 1874: 126; Gorham 1892: 162; Korschefsky 1932: 557; Timberlake 1943: 54; Blackwelder 1945: 455.

Neopalla Chapin, 1955: 87 .

Remarks: A genus with eigth species in the Americas, distributed from Canada to Bolivia: five in North America and three in South America, with two species known from the Palaearctic region. In the northern hemisphere they are known to be predators of aphids ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), especially in coniferous and deciduous forests ( Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982; Gordon 1985a).

Anatis lebasii ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 3e , 25f )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Pelina lebasii Mulsant, 1850: 271 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 188; Crotch 1874: 126.

Pelina lebasi Korschefsky 1932: 558 ; Blackwelder 1945: 455.

Neopalla lebasi : Chapin 1955: 88; Gordon 1987: 14.

Anatis lebasii : González 2010: 250; González 2015: 233.

Neda murilloi Chapin, 1941: 108 .‒ Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 175.

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Quindío *, Risaralda), Ecuador, Peru.

Remarks: New record for Ecuador: “Ecuador, Loja, Algeria, 2230m, 25-VI-2003, D. Marín” (UTPL). No information is available about the biology of this species.

Carpinchita González et al. 2022

Type species: Daulis devestita Mulsant, 1850 , by original designation.

Carpinchita González et al., 2022: 829.

Remarks: A genus with two species present in South America, one of which is found in Panama.

Carpinchita devestita ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 3f , 25g )

Type material reported by Mulsant to be deposited in the Dupont collection, which should be in the MNHN, according to Gordon (1987). Type locality “la Colombie ” .

Daulis devestita Mulsant, 1850: 299 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 211.

Cycloneda devestita : Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 240; Araujo-Siqueira 2005: 102; González 2010: 252; 2013a: 49.

Carpinchita devestita : González et al. 2022: 831.

Daulis viridula Mulsant, 1850: 318 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 219.

Cycloneda viridula : Crotch 1874: 163; Gordon 1987: 20.

Cycloneda devestita ab. viridula : Mader 1958b: 238.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Atlántico *, Bolívar, Casanare *, Meta *), Curazao *, French Guiana, Netherlands Antilles *, Panama, Paraguay, Peru *, Venezuela.

Remarks: Solano et al. (2014) studied the diet of this species in Venezuela, which includes Aphididae and Psyllidae . Kondo et al. (2016) included it among the natural enemies of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ), in Colombia.

Cheilomenes Chevrolat, 1836

Type species: Coccinella lunata Fabricius, 1775 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Cheilomenes Chevrolat, 1836: 435 Mulsant 1850: 443 , 1866: 288; Poorani 2002: 327; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 25.

Chilomenes Crotch, 1874: 179 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 303.

Menochilus Timberlake, 1943: 40 .‒ Ślipiński 2007: 169.

Cydonia Mulsant, 1850: 430 .

Elpis Mulsant, 1850: 449 .

Remarks: An Old World genus with a complex nomenclatural history ( Ślipiński et al. 2020), with over 30 species ( Korschefsky 1932), distributed mainly in Africa, with a few species found in Asia and Oceania, with a single species introduced to the Americas. Apparently, an aphidophagous genus ( Ślipiński et al. 2020).

Cheilomenes sexmaculata ( Fabricius, 1781) ( Figs. 3g , 25h )

Type material from “ India orientalis”, of unknown location ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella sexmaculata Fabricius, 1781: 96 .‒ Chevrolat 1836: 435; Mulsant 1850: 444, 1866: 289.

Chilomenes sexmaculata : Crotch 1874: 180; Korschefsky 1932: 304.

Cheilomenes sexmaculata : Gordon 1987: 23; Poorani 2002: 326; Cornejo & González 2015: 80; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 28.

Menochilus sexmaculatus : Timberlake 1943: 40; Ślipiński 2007: 171.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Poorani (2002), Ślipiński (2007) and Ślipiński et al. (2020).

Distribution: Belize *, Brazil *, Chile, Colombia (Antioquia *, Atlántico, Bolívar*, Boyacá *, Caldas *, Casanare *, César, Córdoba *, Cundinamarca *, Huila *, La Guajira *, Magdalena *, Meta *, Norte de Santander *, Putumayo *, Quindío *, Risaralda *, Santander *, Sucre*, Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica *, Curazao, Ecuador, Guadeloupe *, Guatemala *, Honduras *, Jamaica *, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago *, Venezuela.

Remarks: Originally known from China, India, Japan, New Caledonia, Australia, and other Pacific islands ( Ślipiński et al. 2020). Introduced to the Americas, presumably unintentionally. Kondo et al. (2015) reported it for the first time in Colombia, from Valle del Cauca, as a natural enemy of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ). Angulo et al. (2011) studied its biological aspects in Venezuela preying on Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), while Chávez et al. (2017) studied its function as a biological control agent of D. citri in Ecuador. Cornejo & González (2015) documented C. sexmaculata on mangroves in Ecuador and Peru, where it occasionally feeds on the linear nectaries of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (as Talipari titiliaceum var. pernambucense (Arruda) Fryxell ).

Chloroneda Timberlake, 1943

Type species: Cycloneda metallica Crotch, 1874 , by original designation.

Chloroneda Timberlake, 1943: 55 .‒ Mader 1958b: 237.

Remarks: A monotypic genus known only from northern South America. There is no available information on its feeding habits.

Chloroneda metallica ( Crotch, 1874) ( Fig. 25i )

Holotype from “ R. Amazon”, deposited in UCCC.

Cycloneda metallica Crotch, 1874: 164 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 284; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Chloroneda metallica : Timberlake 1943: 55; Mader 1958b: 238; Gordon 1987: 20.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Cundinamarca).

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Santandercito, 5-IV-[19]62” (MPUJ). The original locality is “R. Amazon”, and Blackwelder (1945) assigned it to Brazil, but it could also be Peru, so the locality of Brazil must be confirmed.

Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758

Type species: Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758: 364 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 93, 1866: 73; Crotch 1874: 105; Gorham 1891: 154; Korschefsky 1932: 439; Blackwelder 1945: 454; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 341; Gordon 1985a: 783.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982) and Gordon (1985a).

Remarks: A Holarctic genus, which extends to some areas of Africa and Oceania, with about 50 species ( Ślipiński 2007). In North America, 13 species have been recorded ( Gordon 1985a) while one species has been introduced throughout the Americas. There are half a dozen species described from Central America that probably do not belong to the genus. Feeding habits are predominantly aphidophagous. Crotch (1874) cited Coccinella trifasciata ( Linnaeus, 1758) from “ Colombia?”, a dubious record not included in this work.

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 ( Fig. 26a )

Type material from “Suecica” ( Sweden), possibly deposited in LSL ( Gordon , 1985).

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758: 365 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 115, 1866: 94; Crotch 1874: 117; Korschefsky 1932: 486; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 370; Gordon 1985a: 795, 1987: 13.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982).

Distribution: Argentina *(?), Bolivia *; Brazil (?), Colombia *(?)(Antioquia *, Casanare *, Cundinamarca *, Santander *, Valle del Cauca *), Ecuador, Guatemala *, Honduras *, Martinique, Mexico, Panama *, Peru *, Puerto Rico *, USA, Venezuela (?).

Remarks: Native to Europe and Asia, it has been introduced to the Americas, especially the United States. The records from Colombia, despite being supported by numerous photographs from different localities and dates, available on the iNaturalist website, need to be confirmed. The same with only an informal record from the web from Argentina. The presence in Brazil is based on a single collection specimen (SMNS), perhaps from an occasional collection or a badly labeled specimen and must be confirmed. Noboa (2013) confirmed its presence in Ecuador in the coastal region of the country. In Venezuela, Higuera & Cerda (1998), reported the species in agrosystems in the state of Mérida, but this article remains unpublished. Its introduction into these countries would apparently be unintentional.

Coelophora Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Coccinella inaequalis Fabricius, 1775 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Coelophora Mulsant, 1850: 390 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 247; Crotch 1874: 148; Korschefsky 1932: 290; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 265; Poorani 2002: 328; Ślipiński 2007: 158; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 35.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Poorani (2002) and Ślipiński et al. (2020).

Remarks: A genus native to southern Asia and Australia, with about 60 species ( Ślipiński 2007).

Coelophora inaequalis ( Fabricius, 1775) ( Figs. 3h , 26b )

Type material from “la Nouvelle Hollande ” ( Australia), of unknown location ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella inaequalis Fabricius, 1775: 80 .

Coelophora inaequalis : Mulsant 1850: 404, 1866: 268; Crotch 1874: 153; Korschefsky 1932: 292; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 266; Gordon 1987: 19; Poorani 2002: 330; Kondo et al. 2015: 3; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 36.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982), Poorani (2002) and Ślipiński et al. (2020).

Distribution: Anguilla *, Aruba *, Brazil *, British Virgin Islands *, Colombia (Antioquia *, Atlántico *, Meta *, Norte de Santander *, Risaralda *, Santander *, Valle del Cauca), Cuba , Dominican Republic *, Guadeloupe *, Haiti *, Jamaica *, Martinique *, Monserrat*, Puerto Rico *, Saint Vincent *, Suriname *, Trinidad and Tobago *, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks: A species native to Australia, islands of Oceania and probably China. It has been introduced in some countries for biological control of aphids, including New Zealand, Hawaii, and Florida ( USA) ( Ślipiński et al. 2020), and in recent years throughout the Americas, in many cases involuntarily ( Lucas 2012). In Venezuela, Franco (2002) studied the predatory activity and life cycle fed on various species of aphids ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ). Kondo et al. (2015) reported it in Colombia as a natural predator of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ).

Coleomegilla Timberlake, 1920

Type species: Coccinella maculata Degeer, 1775 , by original designation.

Coleomegilla Timberlake, 1920a: 139 .‒ Timberlake 1920b: 96, 1943: 9; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Gordon 1985a: 696; Vandenberg 2002a: 386.

Megilla Mulsant, 1850: 24 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 16; Crotch 1874: 92.

Ceratomegilla Korschefsky, 1932: 312 (in part).

Remarks: A New World genus with four species and around 15 subspecies, distributed from Canada to southern Argentina and Chile.

Coleomegilla maculata maculata ( Degeer, 1775) ( Figs. 4a , 13d , 26c )

Type material from unknown location ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella maculata Degeer, 1775: 392 .

Megilla maculata : Mulsant 1850: 28, 1866: 20; Crotch 1874: 92; Gorham 1891: 151.

Ceratomegilla maculata : Korschefsky 1932: 312.

Coleomegilla maculata : Blackwelder 1945: 453.

Coleomegilla maculata maculata : Timberlake 1920a: 139; Gordon 1987: 10; González 2013a: 49.

Distribution: Argentina, Aruba *, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize *, Bolivia *, Brazil, Colombia (Amazonas *, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar*, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare *, César, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guajira , Huila, Magdalena *, Meta, Norte de Santander, Santander, Sucre *, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica *, Cuba , Dominican Republic *, Ecuador *, French Guiana*, Grenada *, Guadeloupe, Guatemala *, Guyana *, Honduras *, Martinique, Mexico *, Nicaragua *, Panama *, Paraguay, Saint Lucia *, Saint Vincent, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago *, Venezuela.

Remarks: Because many of the South American subspecies were described by Timberlake (1943), for citations prior to that date it is difficult to establish which subspecies were reported by previous authors. The countries cited here are those found in the literature and are backed up by specimens or photographs that correspond to the description of the nominal subspecies. The species has been repeatedly cited from Chile, but the subspecies found there is C. maculata limensis ( Philippi & Philippi 1864) . Guagliumi (1967) reported three species of Aphididae as its prey in Venezuela.

Coleomegilla maculata medialis ( Casey, 1899) ( Fig. 26d )

Type material from “ Honduras ”, probably deposited in USNM.

Megilla medialis Casey, 1899: 76 .

Coleomegilla maculata medialis : Korschefsky 1932: 313; Timberlake 1943: 76.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Caldas, Casanare, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Guatemala, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Remarks: The morphological characterization of this subspecies is not well defined, with intermediate specimens found with C. maculata maculata and C. maculata limensis , and its validity must be evaluated.

Coleomegilla maculata tibialis Timberlake, 1943 ( Fig. 26e )

Holotype from “ Río Frío , Colombia ”, deposited in USNM.

Coleomegilla maculata tibialis Timberlake, 1943: 48 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca).

Remarks: This subspecies differs from C. maculata maculata and other subspecies in minor aspects. The validity of this subspecies is doubtful and needs to be confirmed.

Cycloneda Crotch, 1871

Type species: Coccinella sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Cycloneda Crotch, 1871: 6 .‒ Crotch 1874: 162; Gorham 1892: 169; Casey 1899: 84; Leng 1920: 216; Korschefsky 1932: 282; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 236; Gordon 1985a: 819; Vandenberg 2002a: 386, 2002b: 225; Araujo & Almeida 2003: 9; Araujo-Siqueira 2005: 6; González et al. 2022: 816.

Neda (Cycloneda) : Chapuis 1876: 210.

Coccinella (Cycloneda) : Leng 1903: 202.

Daulis Mulsant, 1850: 295 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 209.

Coccinellina Timberlake, 1943: 15 .

Pseudadonia Timberlake, 1943: 53 .‒ Chapin 1969: 468.

Remarks: A New World genus with 49 described species, of which 43 are found in South America. Twelve of them do not share the characteristics of the genus and must be reassigned to other genera ( González et al. 2022). The available information points to an aphidophagous diet ( Gordon 1985a).

Cycloneda emarginata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 4b , 26f )

Type material from “le Mexique ”, which should be deposited in MNHL, but Gordon (1987) indicated that is not found there.

Coccinella emarginata Mulsant, 1850: 97 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 81; Crotch 1874: 107; Gorham 1891: 155; Weise 1895a: 125; Korschefsky 1932: 510; Blackwelder 1945: 454.

Cycloneda emarginata : Vandenberg 2002b: 226; González 2013a: 49; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 44.

Coccinellina emarginata : Timberlake 1943: 15; Gordon 1987: 12.

Coccinella (Coccinellina) emarginata : Mader 1958a: 8.

Cycloneda emarginata ab. mexicana Weise, 1895a: 125 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 510; Blackwelder 1945: 454.

Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil *, Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Guaviare *, Huila *, Meta, Nariño, Quindío, Santander, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama *, Paraguay, Uruguay *, Venezuela.

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, Antioquia, San José, 13-x-1959, leg. R.F. Ruppel, in Potrero [pastureland], det. M. Zambrano 2018” (ICN). New record for French Guiana: “French Guyana, Gujana, XII.2004, Pumr legt” (JVC).

Cycloneda sanguinea ( Linnaeus, 1763) ( Figs. 4c , 26g )

Type material from “ Surinam ”, should be deposited in LSL ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763: 10 .‒ Erichson 1847: 182.

Daulis sanguinea : Mulsant 1850: 326, 1866: 224.

Cycloneda sanguinea : Crotch 1871: 6; 1874: 164; Gorham 1892: 170; Korschefsky 1932: 286; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958a: 8; Gordon 1985a: 820, 1987: 20; Vandenberg 2002b: 228; Araujo-Siqueira 2005: 16; Araujo & Almeida 2006: 555; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 44.

Neda sanguinea : Bruch 1915: 388.

Cycloneda polonica Hampe, 1850: 357 .

Coccinella inmaculata Fabricius, 1792: 267 .

Cycloneda rubripennis Casey, 1899: 92 .

Daulis steini Mulsant, 1866: 222 .

Cycloneda hondurasica Casey, 1899: 92 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 284; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Coccinella reflexa Germain, 1854: 333 .

Cycloneda fulvipennis ab. reflexa : Brèthes 1923: 454; Korschefsky 1932: 510; Timberlake 1943: 15; Blackwelder 1945: 454.

Coccinellina reflexa : Chapin 1969: 467.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Gordon (1985a), Vandenberg (2002b) and Araujo & Almeida (2006).

Distribution: Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico *, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, César, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena , Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander *, Putumayo, Quindío *, Risaralda *, Santander, Sucre *, Tolima , Valle del Cauca, Vichada), Costa Rica, Cuba , Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti *, Hispaniola, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent, Santo Domingo, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks: Cycloneda sanguinea is distributed from southern USA to Chile and Argentina, passing through Central America and the Antilles. For some countries no formal records have been found in the literature, but they are almost certainly found in them, including El Salvador, French Guiana, and Guyana, as well as some islands in the Antilles. Funichello et al. (2012) studied the life cycle and other biological aspects in Brazil, feeding them with nymphs and adults of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) on transgenic cotton crops. In Colombia, Hurtado (1997) studied its breeding biology with the green citrus aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (as Aphis citricola ). In Ecuador it has been reported as a predator of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), a corn pest ( Bailon et al. 2022; Centeno-Parrales et al. 2022), and as the second most important predator of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ) (Chávez. et al. 2020).

Cycloneda insertae sedis

Remarks: The following species are formally assigned to Cycloneda , but do not belong to the genus ( González et al. 2022).

Cycloneda arcana Weise, 1898 ( Figs. 4d , 26h )

Type material from “Columbia”, possibly deposited in MNHB, where most of the Weise types of that time period are found .

Cycloneda arcana Weise, 1898a: 126 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 236.

Cycloneda arcana var. connexa Weise, 1898a: 126 .

Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Quindío *, Valle del Cauca).

Remarks: This species maintains a strong morphological, appearance and design affinity with Cycloneda decemguttata , C. bistillata , C. tricolorata and Spiloneda gilardini ( Mulsant, 1850) . All these species could eventually belong to the genus Spiloneda Casey, 1908 . Information about their biology is unknown.

Cycloneda bistillata Weise, 1898

Type material from “Columbia”, possibly deposited in MNHB.

Cycloneda bistillata Weise, 1898a: 125 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 465; Mader 1958b: 246.

Distribution: Colombia.

Remarks: See remarks under Cycloneda arcana . Weise (1898a) highlighted the similarity of the dorsal design of this species with Zagreus bistillatus (Weise, 1895) .

Cycloneda decemguttata Weise, 1898 ( Fig. 26i )

Type material from “Columbia”, possibly deposited in MNHB

Cycloneda 10-guttata Weise, 1898a: 126.

Cycloneda decemguttata : Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 246. Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia).

Cycloneda decempunctata Mader, 1953 ( Fig. 27a )

Holotype from “ Venezuela ” deposited in NHMV.

Cycloneda decempunctata Mader, 1953: 166 .‒ Mader 1958b: 244.

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca), Venezuela.

Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, dept. Cauca, Popayán, 20 km. SE Coconuco 1 km.

S cascade 2°19′N, 76°29′W, 2450m, 3.IV.2016 b , R. Constantin” (CPGG). See remarks under Cycloneda arcana .

Cycloneda melanocera ( Mulsant, 1850)

Type material from “la Colombie ”, indicated by Mulsant to be in the Dupont collection, which according to Gordon (1987) should be deposited in MNHN.

Daulis melanocera Mulsant, 1850: 333 .‒ Mulsant 1853: 226.

Cycloneda melanocera : Crotch 1874: 165; Korschefsky 1932: 284; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 239.

Distribution: Colombia.

Cycloneda sallei ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 27b )

Type material from “la Colombie ”, indicated by Mulsant to be in the Sallé collection, which according to Gordon (1987) should be in part in the BMNH. There is a single specimen in UCCC, which is destroyed ( Gordon 1987).

Daulis sallei Mulsant, 1850: 303 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 214.

Cycloneda sallaei (sic!): Crotch 1874: 163; Gorham 1892: 170.

Cycloneda sallei : Weise 1904b: 357; Korschefsky 1932: 285; Chapin 1941: 108; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 244; Gordon 1987: 20.

Distribution: Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, West Indies.

Cycloneda tricolorata ( Gorham, 1894) ( Figs. 4e , 27c ) Type material from “Nicaragua, Chontales”, deposited in BMNH. Exochomus tricoloratus Gorham, 1894: 178 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 264; Blackwelder 1945: 451. Cycloneda tricolorata : Chapin 1965a: 249; González et al. 2022: 839. Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca), Nicaragua, Venezuela. Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, Cundinamarca, La Mesa, Sec. El Faro N4°37′,

W74°26′, 1364 m. alt. 1-Sep-2013 D. Ariza-Suarez, Manual capture on Duranta sp. leaves”

(UNAB). New record for Venezuela: “ Venezuela, Táchira, Media Libra , Rio Negro , 570 m ,

28.XI to 3-XII-1997, [illegible] García A. Chacón ” (MJMO). See remarks under Cycloneda arcana . The species was reported by Chapin (1965a) as “near Cycloneda ”.

Egleis Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Egleis adjuncta Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Egleis Mulsant, 1850: 151 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 119; Crotch 1874: 130; Gorham 1892: 163; Korschefsky 1932: 576; Blackwelder 1945: 455; Vandenberg 1996: 548.

Remarks: A genus with three species present in South America, one of them could be present in Mexico. Information about its biology is unknown.

Egleis adjuncta Mulsant, 1850 ( Figs. 4f , 27d )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ” ( Mulsant 1850).

Egleis adjunta Mulsant, 1850: 156 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 121; Crotch 1874: 131; Gorham 1892: 163; Korschefsky 1932: 576; Blackwelder 1945: 455; Gordon 1987: 15.

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Santander), Mexico (?).

Remarks: Gorham (1892) questioned the record from Mexico, which needs confirmation.

Egleis perfida ( Mulsant, 1866)

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Nouvelle Grenade ” ( Mulsant 1866).

Psyllobora perfida Mulsant, 1866: 130 .

Egleis perfida : Crotch 1874: 131; Korschefsky 1932: 576; Blackwelder 1945: 455; Gordon 1987: 15.

Distribution: Colombia, Panama (?).

Eriopis Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Eriopis opposita Mulsant, 1850 , by original designation.

Eriopis Mulsant, 1850: 5 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 5; Crotch 1874: 93; Korschefsky 1932: 316; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Hofmann 1970: 102.

Remarks: A genus present in South America, with 24 species distributed mainly in the Andean Biogeographical Region (according to Morrone2001).The genus is predominantly aphidophagous ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) but also preys on other pest insects (Bustamente & Yabar 2006), which is why it has been introduced to other countries (e.g., USA: Gordon 1985a, where it has not established).

Eriopis punicola Hofmann, 1970 ( Figs. 4g , 27e )

Holotype deposited in Peña Collection; a collection which is currently housed at FMNH (Manuel Diéguez, personal communication). Type locality not specified.

Eriopis punicola Hofmann, 1970: 107 .‒ Bustamante & Yabar 2006: 168.

Distribution: Bolivia, Colombia (Boyacá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, Meta, Santander *, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Peru.

Remarks: Hofmann (1970) included specimens from Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru in the type series, without specifying the holoype locality. Duarte & Zenner de Polanía (2009a, 2009b) studied the life cycle and breeding of this species in Colombia (as Eriopis connexa connexa ( Germar, 1824)) , concluding that it was a good candidate to be used as biological control agent.

Erythroneda Timberlake, 1943

Type species: Daulis rubida Mulsant, 1850 , by original designation.

Erythroneda Timberlake, 1943: 55 .‒ Mader 1958b: 237; Vandenberg & Gordon 1988: 32.

Remarks: A genus with four species distributed from Mexico to Brazil, three of them are found in South America. There is no known information about its feeding habits.

Erythroneda vigilans ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 27f )

Female lectotype from “ Colombie ”, designated by Vandenberg & Gordon (1988), deposited in BMHN .

Daulis vigilans Mulsant, 1850: 340 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 230.

Cycloneda rubida (in part): Crotch, 1874: 165; Gorham 1892: 171.

Cycloneda rubida ab. vigilans : Korschefsky 1932: 285; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Erythroneda rubida ab. vigilans : Mader 1958b: 239.

Erythroneda vigilans : Vandenberg & Gordon 1988: 39.

Cycloneda corallina Weise, 1898a: 125 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 239.

Distribution: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Venezuela.

Harmonia Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Coccinella marginepunctata Schaller, 1783 , by subsequent designation by Timberlake (1943).

Harmonia Mulsant, 1850: 75 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 55; Timberlake 1943: 17; Gordon 1985a: 832; Poorani 2002: 331; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 42.

Coccinella (Harmonia) : Korschefsky 1932: 439.

Leis Mulsant, 1850: 241 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 174; Crotch 1874: 119.

Ptychanatis Crotch, 1874: 122 .

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Gordon (1985a), Poorani (2002) and Ślipiński et al. (2020).

Remarks: A genus with around 30 species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia ( Ślipiński et al. 2020). Species of the genus have been reported as predators of aphids, psyllids, soft scales and adelgids ( Hemiptera : Aphididae , Psyllidae , Coccidae , Adelgidae ) ( Gordon 1985a) (see Remarks under Harmonia axyridis ).

Harmonia axyridis ( Pallas, 1773) ( Figs. 4h , 27g )

Type material from “ Rusia, Siberia, Yeniseisk ” ( Ślipiński et al. 2020), possibly deposited in ZIN.

Coccinella axyridis Pallas, 1773: 726 .

Leis axyridis : Mulsant 1850: 266, 1866: 183.

Ptychanatis axyridis : Crotch 1874: 123.

Coccinella axyridis : Korschefsky 1932: 441.

Harmonia axyridis : Timberlake 1943: 17; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 476; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 45.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982).

Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia *, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare *, Cauca, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila *, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander *, Putumayo *, Quindío *, Risaralda, Santander *, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Ecuador, Guatemala *, Honduras *, Mexico *, Panama *, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico *, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks: Currently cosmopolitan, originally from East Asia, the species was introduced for biological control in the United States and Europe ( Ślipiński et al. 2020). However, at the end of the 20th century and during the 21st century, the species became established in almost the entire planet, including the Americas, from Canada to southern Argentina and Chile, and has been considered a pest, mainly due to its negative effects on biodiversity ( Roy et al. 2016). The first record of the species in Colombia is from 1989 and is now fully established in the country ( Kondo & González 2013; Kondo et al. 2014). It has also been reported as a predator of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 ( Hemiptera : Liviidae ) in Valle del Cauca, Colombia ( Kondo et al. 2015, 2017). The species is mainly aphidophagous. Koch (2003) provided a summary of its biology and its use in biological control, as well as its effects on biodiversity and other secondary effects.

Harmonia quadripunctata ( Pontoppidan, 1763) ( Fig. 27h )

Type material from “Danska” ( Denmark), of unknown location ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella quadripunctata Pontoppidan, 1763: 669 .‒ Crotch 1874: 111; Korschefsky 1932: 471.

Harmonia quadripunctata : Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 472; Gordon & Vandenberg 1991: 863; Gordon 1987: 13; González 2010: 252.

Distribution: Argentina, Chile, Colombia * (?) (Antioquia), USA.

Remarks: Originally from northern Europe and Asia. In Russia, it is commonly found on conifers ( Kuznetzov 1997). Klausnitzer & Klausnitzer (1986) recorded it feeding on Cinara sp. ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), in forests. The record from Colombia is based on a single photograph of “Támesis Antioquia,” and must be confirmed.

Hippodamia Chevrolat, 1836 Type species: Coccinella mutabilis Scriba, 1791 (= Coccinella variegata Goeze, 1777 ) by subsequent designation by Chevrolat (1845). Hippodamia Chevrolat, 1836: 432 .‒ Mulsant 1846: 30, 1850: 10, 1866: 8; Crotch 1873: 365, 1874:

94; Gorham 1891: 152; Korschefsky 1932: 318; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 308; Gordon 1985a: 706.

Adonia Mulsant, 1846: 39 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 37, 1866: 27; Crotch 1874: 94; Korschefsky 1932: 345.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Gordon (1985a) and Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982).

Remarks: A Holarctic genus, with approximately 32 species, 18 of them are present in the Americas, two which are found in South America, both introduced. Species of the genus are effective predators of aphids ( Gordon 1985a).

Hippodamia convergens ( Guérin-Méneville, 1842) ( Figs. 5a , 27i )

Lectotype from “ Mex ” ( México), designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Coccinella (Hippodamia) convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842: 321 .

Hippodamia convergens : Mulsant 1850: 22, 1866: 15; Crotch 1874: 96; Gorham 1891: 153; Timberlake 1943: 11; Korschefsky 1932: 338; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Gordon 1985a: 741, 1987: 11; González 2008: 94, 2013a: 50, 2014: 530, 2015: 233.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Gordon (1985a).

Distribution: Argentina, Belize *, Bolivia *, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Boyacá, Cundinamarca *, Magdalena , Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander *, Santander, Sucre, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica, Cuba , Ecuador, El Salvador *, Guatemala, Hispaniola, Honduras *, Mexico, Nicaragua *, Panama *, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

Remarks: Originally from North America, it has been introduced to several countries in South America, Central America, and the Antilles, either intentionally or involuntarily. It is considered an excellent predator of aphids ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ). In Colombia it was mentioned for the first time by Bravo (1969), who recorded its presence in at least four departments, indicating a series of associated crops and aphid pests over which this species could exert important biological control, recommending its artificial breeding. In the 1960’, H. convergens ( Guérin-Méneville, 1842) , was imported from Peru to control the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ), in cotton crops ( Smith & Bellotti 1996). In Brazil, Kato et al. (1999b) studied the breeding of this species, fed with eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) ( Lepidoptera : Pyralidae ). In Ecuador it has been reported as a predator of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) ( Bailon et al. 2022; Centeno-Parrales et al. 2022).

Jaguarita González et al. 2022

Type species: Jaguarita adrianoi González et al., 2022, by original designation.

Jaguarita González et al., 2022: 817.

Remarks: A predominantly South American genus, with four species, one of which extends to Mexico and the Antilles.

Jaguarita separata ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 5b , 28a )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality: “la Colombie ”.

Daulis separata Mulsant, 1850: 298 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 210.

Cycloneda separata : Crotch 1874: 162; Korschefsky 1932: 287; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Gordon 1987: 20.

Jaguarita separata : González et al. 2022: 820.

Daulis amabilis Mulsant, 1850: 304 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 215.

Cycloneda amabilis : Crotch 1874: 162; Korschefsky 1932: 283; González et al. 2022: 820.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Boyacá, Caldas *, Casanare, Cundinamarca, Huila *, Meta, Quindío *, Santander, Valle del Cauca), Ecuador *, Venezuela. Jaguarita vogli (Mader, 1858) ( Fig. 28b )

Cotypes from “ Venezuela, Maracay”, deposited in ZSBS.

Cycloneda vogli Mader, 1858b: 247 .

Jaguarita vogli : González et al. 2022: 820.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Meta, Quindío *, Risaralda *, Valle del Cauca *), Costa Rica *, Honduras *, Mexico *, Venezuela.

Microneda Crotch, 1871

Type species: Neda perrisi Mulsant, 1850 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Microneda Crotch, 1871: 6 .‒ Crotch 1874: 133; Korschefsky 1932: 575; Blackwelder 1945: 455.

Remarks: A South American genus with two species which are restricted to Colombia and Venezuela.

Microneda perrisi ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Fig. 28c )

Type material probably deposited in MNHN ( Gordon 1987). Type locality: “la Colombie ” .

Neda perrisi Mulsant, 1850: 283 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 201.

Microneda perrisi : Crotch 1874: 133; Korschefsky 1932: 575; Gordon 1987: 15.

Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Vichada).

Microneda sicheli ( Mulsant, 1866) ( Figs. 5c , 28d ) Lectotype from “Venezuela”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Neda sicheli Mulsant, 1866: 204 . Microneda sicheli : Crotch 1874: 133; Korschefsky 1932: 575; Gordon 1987: 15. Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Santander), Venezuela. Remarks: New record for Colombia: “Colombia, Cundinamarca, Ubaque, Vda. Romero Alto, Finca

La Esperanza, 2320 m, 04°28′54″N 73°58′15″W, 1-III-2008, E. G . Herrera ”, “Captura con jama en [Capture with net on] Passiflora edulis f. edulis ( Passifloraceae ) - gulupa” ( UNAB) .

Mononeda Crotch, 1874

Type species: Mononeda marginata Crotch, 1874 , by original designation.

Mononeda Crotch, 1874: 169 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 272; Timberlake 1943: 54; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 237; González 2018: 190.

Remarks: A genus with two species that cover the entire Neotropical area of South America. No references of their feeding habits have been found, but possibly the species are generalists, like the related genus Neda Mulsant, 1850 .

Mononeda ostrina ( Erichson, 1847) ( Figs. 5d , 28e )

Type material from “ Peru ”, possibly deposited in MNHB ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella ostrina Erichson, 1847: 182 .

Neda ostrina : Mulsant 1866: 199; Crotch 1874: 168; Gorham 1892: 174; Weise 1898c: 231; Blackwelder 1945: 451; Mader 1953: 174; Gordon 1987: 21.

Mononeda ostrina : González 2018: 191.

Neda oestrina (sic!): Korschefsky 1932: 281.

Neda peruviana Mulsant, 1850: 281 .‒ Mulsant 1853: 170, 1866: 199.

Neda ostrina ab. peruviana : Weise 1898c: 232; Mader 1953: 174.

Neda ostrina ab. boliviana Weise, 1898c: 232 .‒ Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 174.

Neda oestrina ab. boliviana : Korschefsky 1932: 281.

Neda orbignyi Mulsant, 1850: 280 .

Neda ostrina ab. orbignyi : Weise 1898c: 232; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 174.

Neda oestrina var. orbignyi : Korschefsky 1932: 281.

Neda reimoseri Mader, 1953: 168 .

Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (?), Colombia, Ecuador *, Peru.

Remarks: The presence in Brazil was questioned by Blackwelder (1945) and Mader (1958b) and must be verified. Crotch (1874) mentioned its presence in Mexico, a record that is considered doubtful.

Mulsantina Weise, 1906

Type species: Cleis mirifica Mulsant , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Mulsantina Weise, 1906b: 34 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 564; Timberlake 1943: 19; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Chapin 1985: 348; Gordon 1985a: 843.

Cleis Mulsant, 1850: 208 .‒ Mulsant 1853: 162, 1866: 148; Crotch 1874: 142; Gorham 1892: 168 (not Cleis Guérin-Méneville, 1832 , not Cleis Mulsant 1850: 135 ).

Pseudocleis Casey, 1908: 406 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 564.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Chapin (1985) and Gordon (1985a).

Remarks:A genus with 13 species, 11 north of Mexico ( Chapin 1985), and two recently described South American species ( González 2018; Bustamante-Navarrete et al. 2021). Species in the genus feed on Adelgidae , Aphididae and Coccidae ( Gordon 1985a) , and Membracidae , Pseudococcidae , Phylloxeridae and Psyllidae ( Quintero et al. 2007) .

Mulsantina mexicana Chapin, 1985 ( Figs. 5e , 28f ) Male holotype from “ 14 km east of Landa de Matamoros, Queretaro, México ”, deposited in TAMU. Mulsantina mexicana Chapin, 1985: 365 . Mulsantina picta minor Timberlake, 1943: 62 . Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador *, Mexico. Remarks: A species native to Mexico, probably introduced involuntarily to Colombia and Ecuador.

Quintero et al. (2007) studied this species on ornamental trees in Bogotá, in the laboratory and in nature, including remarks on its life cycle, predatory behavior and feeding habits.

Naemia Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Coccinella seriata Melsheimer, 1847 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Naemia Mulsant, 1850: 30 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 21; Crotch 1874: 92; Gorham 1891: 152; Korschefsky 1932: 317; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Gordon 1985a: 693.

Remarks: A monotypic genus present in North and Central America and the Antilles ( Gordon 1985a), with only one record in South America.

Naemia seriata ( Melsheimer, 1847) ( Fig. 28g )

Type material from “ Pennsylvania ”, of unknown repository ( Gordon 1985a).

Coccinella seriata Melsheimer, 1847: 177 .

Naemia seriata : Mulsant 1866: 21; Crotch 1874: 92; Gorham 1891: 152; Korschefsky 1932: 317; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Gordon 1985a: 694, 1987: 10.

Naemia seriata ab. litigiosa Mulsant, 1850: 31.‒ Korschefsky 1932: 317; Blackwelder 1945: 453.

Distribution: Canada, Colombia (?), Mexico, USA.

Remarks: The Colombian records come from Mulsant (1866) and Crotch (1874), with no known subsequent records, so its presence in the country is doubtful. McAlpine et al. (2018) indicated that in Canada the species is “a marsh specialist, feeding on the pollen of Spartina sp. ”. Rinehart & Long (2019) studied the relationship between pollen consumption of Spartina foliosa (Trin.) ( Poaceae ), and consumption of Duplachionaspis spartinae (Comstock, 1883) (as Haliaspis spartinae ) ( Hemiptera : Diaspididae ).

Neda Mulsant, 1850

Type species: Coccinella norrisii, Guérin-Méneville, 1842 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Neda Mulsant, 1850: 274 (in part).‒ Mulsant 1866: 195 (in part); Crotch 1874: 167; Gorham 1892: 174; Weise 1898c: 230; Korschefsky 1932: 279; Timberlake 1943: 26; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 169; 1958b: 237; Araujo & Almeida 2003: 1.

Remarks: A genus present throughout continental America, from Mexico to northern Chile and Argentina, with 15 species ( Araujo & Almeida 2003; Mader 1953), and a large number of varieties with assigned names that are currently not valid. Several species from Asia and Oceania that were originally assigned to this genus have been reassigned to other genera. Some of the currently valid species may be synonyms, since they have similar genital apparatus, and their limits are not well defined and their designs overlap. There are a few references about their diet, which seems to be quite general. Aguilera & Díaz (1983) studied the biology of Neda patula ( Erichson, 1847) in Arica , Chile, describing the life cycle in the laboratory, and finding that in nature and in the laboratory, it fed abundantly on aphids ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ). On the other hand, Solazar (1972) mentioned Neda norrisii ( Guérin-Méneville, 1842) in Peru feeding on Pseudococcidae . Saini & Coll (1996) mentioned Neda callispillota ( Guerín-Méneville, 1844) in Argentina, among a group of species that feed on Aphididae and Psyllidae .

Neda aequatoriana Mulsant, 1853 ( Figs. 5f , 28h )

Type material indicated as “Collect. Deyrolle” ( Mulsant 1853) but has no information on the depository. Mulsant (1853) indicated as type locality “les environs de Quito” and “ Venezuela ”.

Neda aequatoriana Mulsant, 1853: 170 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 208; Crotch 1874: 167 (as synonym of Neda norrisii Mulsant, 1853 ); Korschefsky 1932: 279; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 174; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 44.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.

Remarks: Crotch (1874) established this species as a synonym of Neda norrisii . The genital apparatus of this and other species is indistinguishable, and the limits on their morphology overlap and cannot be established with certainty. The species considered to have these characteristics are N. aequatoriana , N. amandi Mulsant, 1850 , N. boliviana Weise, 1902 , N. brachiata Mader, 1953 , N. emiliae Mulsant, 1866 , N. jourdani Mulsant, 1850 , N. patula ( Erichson, 1847) and N. norrisii ( Guérin-Méneville, 1842) . A taxonomic study is required to determine if they are valid species or variations of one or more species.

Neda amandi Mulsant, 1850 ( Figs. 5g , 28i )

Lectotype from “la Colombie ”, designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC.

Neda amandi Mulsant, 1850: 286 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 201; Weise 1898c: 234; Korschefsky 1932: 279; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 175; Gordon 1987: 21.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *, Boyacá, Cundinamarca *, Magdalena *), Venezuela.

Neda callispilota ( Guérin-Méneville, 1844) ( Figs. 5h , 29a )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality: “ Santa Fé de Bogota, en Colombie ”.

Coccinella callispilota Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 320 .

Neda callispilota : Mulsant 1850: 294, 1866: 202; Araujo & Almeida 2003: 3; González & Větrovec 2021: 350.

Cycloneda callispilota : Crotch 1874: 163; Gorham 1892: 170; Korschefsky 1932: 283; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 245; Gordon 1987: 20.

Cycloneda callispilota var. biocellata Weise, 1922: 33 .‒ Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1958b: 242.

Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico (?), Paraguay, Uruguay.

Remarks: The species was reported from Mexico by Mulsant (1850), however, latter authors questioned this record ( Gorham 1894; Mader 1958b). There is no background on its biology, except that Saini & Coll (1996) indicated it as part of the complex of coccinellids that feed on Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer, 1919) ( Hemiptera : Psyllidae ) and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) ( Hemiptera : Aphididae ) on yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A.St. -Hil.; Aquifoliaceae ) crops in Argentina.

Neda jourdani Mulsant, 1850 ( Fig. 29b )

Type material from “la Colombie ”, with depository indicated as: “Collect. Buquet” ( Mulsant 1850); part of which collection is housed in BMNH ( Gordon 1987).

Neda jourdani Mulsant, 1850: 293 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 203; Crotch 1874: 168; Weise 1898c: 231; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 173.

Neda jourdani var. fasciata Weise, 1898c: 231 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Neda jourdani var. maculigera Weise, 1898c: 231 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *), Venezuela.

Neda norrisii ( Guérin-Méneville, 1842) ( Figs. 6a , 29c )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality: “ Santa Fé de Bogota, en Colombie ”.

Coccinella norrisii Guérin-Méneville, 1842: 320 .

Neda norrisii : Mulsant 1850: 288, 1866: 206; Crotch 1874: 167; Weise 1898c: 232; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 170; Gordon 1987: 21.

Neda norrisi : Weise 1898c: 232; Mader 1953: 170; Szawaryn & Czerwiński 2022: 44.

Neda bremei Mulsant, 1850: 289 .

Neda norrisii var. bremei : Mulsant 1866: 208; Weise 1898c: 233; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 172.

Neda chevrolati Guérin-Méneville, 1842: 321 .‒ Mulsant 1850: 289; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171; Gordon 1987: 21.

Neda norrisi var. chevrolati : Mulsant 1866: 207; Weise 1898c: 232; Gordon 1987 21; Mader 1953: 171.

Neda norrisii var. duodecimmaculata Weise, 1898c: 233 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171.

Neda fasciolata Mulsant, 1850: 290 .

Neda norrisii var. fasciolata : Mulsant 1866: 208; Weise 1898c: 232; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171; Gordon 1987: 21.

Neda finitima Mulsant, 1850: 290 .

Neda norrisii var. finitima : Mulsant 1866: 208; Weise 1898c: 233; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 172; Gordon 1987: 21.

Neda norrisii var. lunulata Weise, 1898c: 233 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171.

Neda perfida Mulsant, 1850: 291 .

Neda norrisii var. perfida : Mulsant 1866: 207; Weise 1898c: 233; Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171; Gordon 1987: 21.

Neda norrisii var. sexmaculata Weise, 1898c: 233 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171.

Neda norrisii var. simplex Weise, 1898c: 232 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 171.

Neda illuda Mulsant, 1853: 172 .

Neda norrisii ab. illuda : Mulsant 1866: 209; Weise 1898c: 234; Korschefsky 1932: 280; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Neda norrisi var. discordia Mader, 1953: 171 .

Neda subdola Mulsant, 1850: 290 .‒ Weise 1898c: 233; Mader 1953: 172.

Neda norrisii var. subdola : Mulsant 1866: 207; Weise 1898c: 233; Mader 1953: 172.

Neda patula var. subdola : Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452.

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia *, Boyacá, Cauca, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila *, Magdalena *, Nariño *, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima *), Ecuador, Venezuela.

Remarks: It is a polymorphic species. For some of the variations described, it has been confirmed that they are conspecific, through the observation of specimens in copula.

Neda ochracea Mulsant, 1850

Type material from “la Colombie ”, deposited in MNHN ( Mulsant 1850).

Neda ochracea Mulsant, 1850: 279 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 198; Crotch 1874: 168; Korschefsky 1932: 281; Blackwelder 1945: 452; Mader 1953: 170.

Distribution: Colombia.

Neocalvia Crotch, 1871

Type species: Coccinella cayennensis Gmelin, 1790 , by subsequent designation by Crotch (1874).

Neocalvia Crotch, 1871: 4 .‒ Crotch 1874: 129; Gorham 1892: 169; Korschefsky 1932: 530; Camargo 1937: 363; Blackwelder 1945: 454; Bicho & Almeida 1998: 168.

Remarks: A genus with nine described species distributed in South America, two of which are present in Central America. Camargo (1937) found that adults of Neocalvia anastomozans Crotch, 1874 , feed on larvae of the genus Psyllobora Chevrolat, 1836 .

Neocalvia cayennensis ( Gmelin, 1790) ( Figs. 6b , 29d )

Type material from “Cayenne”, repository unknown ( Gordon 1987).

Coccinella cayennensis Gmelin, 1790 .

Calvia cajennensis (sic!): Mulsant 1850: 148, 1866: 118.

Neocalvia cayennensis : Crotch 1871: 4; Camargo 1937: 372; Blackwelder 1945: 454; Bicho & Almeida 1998: 175.

Halysia cayennensis : Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3756.

Neocalvia connata Olivier, 1791: 71 .

Coccinella duodecimguttata Fabricius, 1787: 379 .

Neocalvia duodecimguttata : Crotch 1874: 129; Gorham 1892: 169; Korschefsky 1932: 530; Gordon 1987: 15.

Distribution: Brazil, Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila *, Meta *, Quindío *, Risaralda *, Santander *, Sucre*, Tolima , Valle del Cauca), Costa Rica *, French Guiana, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela *.

Neohalyzia Crotch, 1871

Type species: Halyzia perroudi Mulsant, 1850 , by monotypy.

Neohalyzia Crotch, 1871: 4 .‒ Crotch 1874: 133; Gorham 1892: 163; Korschefsky 1932: 575; Timberlake 1943: 41; Blackwelder 1945: 455.

Remarks: A monotypic genus, typical of the northern hemisphere of the Americas. Korschefsky (1932) and Blackwelder (1945) included the genus Harmoniapsis Casey, 1908 , as a synonym of Neohalyzia , currently that genus has been synonymized with Neoharmonia Crotch, 1871 ( Gordon 1985a).

Neohalyzia perroudi ( Mulsant, 1850) ( Figs. 6c , 29e )

Lectotype designated by Gordon (1987), deposited in UCCC. Type locality “la Colombie ”.

Halyzia perroudi Mulsant, 1850: 163 .‒ Mulsant 1866: 125.

Neohalyzia perroudi : Crotch 1874: 133; Gorham 1892: 163; Korschefsky 1932: 576; Timberlake 1943: 41; Blackwelder 1945: 455; Gordon 1987: 15.

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá *, Caldas *, Cundinamarca, Huila *), Guatemala, Honduras *, Mexico, Panama.

Olla Casey, 1899

Type species: Coccinella abdominalis Say, 1824 (= Harmonia v-nigrum Mulsant, 1866), by subsequent designation by Korschefsky (1932).

Olla Casey, 1899: 93 .‒ Korschefsky 1932: 288; Timberlake 1943: 24; Blackwelder 1945: 453; Mader 1958b: 248; Gordon 1985a: 826; Vandenberg 1992: 3; Kuznetzov 1997: 73; Ślipiński et al. 2020: 97.

Note: For a more extensive synonymy, see Vandenberg (1992).

Remarks: A New World genus with five species, distributed from Canada to Chile and Argentina, including the Galapagos Islands, Easter Island and the Antilles. Species of this genus are predators of Aphididae and Psyllidae , which is why they have been mass-reared and introduced into some countries for biological control (see Remarks under Olla v-nigrum).

Olla roatanensis Vandenberg, 1992 ( Figs. 6d , 29f )

Male holotype from “ British Honduras, Roatan Island , French Harbor ”, deposited in AMNH .

Olla roatanensis Vandenberg, 1992: 378 .‒ Cornejo & González 2015: 77.

Distribution: Colombia * (?) (Bolívar *), Ecuador, Honduras, Peru.

Remarks: The Colombian record comes from a single photograph available on the iNaturalist website, from the locality “Manga, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia ” and must be confirmed. Cornejo & González (2015) described the immature stages of this species in Ecuador, finding that the larvae occasionally fed on plant parenchyma, a behavior that is exceptional in predatory coccinellids.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Living specimens: a: Coccidophilus sp.; b: Delphastus argentinicus; c: Azya orbigera orbigera; d: Brachiacantha bistripustulata; e: Cyrea mariae; f: Hinda decemverrucata; g: H. designata; h: Serratitibia bisquatuorpustulata. Photos: Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (a), Gustavo Fernando Brahamian (b), Juan Arango (c, d), Nima Gallego (e), Beatriz Leiderman (f), Esteban Villa Restrepo (g), Jonathan Aguirre (h).

FIGURE 2. Living specimens: a: Neaporia sp.; b: Chilocorus cacti; c: C. nigrita; d: Curinus colombianus; e: Harpasus ferrugineus; f: H. quadrifolium; g: Zagreus adelae; h: Z. bimaculosus. Photos: Juan Arango (a, b, d), Evelin Arcaya (c, e), Elendil Cocchi (f), Sebastián Rueda Serrano (g), Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (h).

FIGURE 3. Living specimens: a: Zagreus guttatus; b: Z. tetraspilus; c: Chnoodes terminalis; d: Dioria setigera; e: Anatis lebasii; f: Carpinchita devestita; g: Cheilomenes sexmaculata; h: Coelophora inaequalis. Photos: David Föster (a), Nicolás Zambrano (b), Juan Arango (c, g), Oscar Enciso (d), Juan Caicedo - Grupo Ecomunitario (e), Wilson Lombana Riaño (f), Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (h).

FIGURE 4. Living specimens: a: Coleomegilla maculata maculata; b: Cycloneda emarginata; c: C. sanguinea; d: C. arcana; e: C. tricolorata; f: Egleis adjuncta; g: Eriopis punicola; h: Harmonia axyridis. Photos: Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (a), Juan Arango (b, c, d), David Föster (e, h), Liliana Prada Lara (f), Juan Sebastián Martínez Moreno (g).

FIGURE 5. Living specimens: a: Hippodamia convergens; b: Jaguarita separata; c: Microneda sicheli; d: Mononeda ostrina; e: Mulsantina mexicana; f: Neda aequatoriana; g: N. amandi; h: N. callispilota, Photos: Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (a), Daniel Salazar Ríos—Fundación Najil Cab (b), Beatriz Leiderman (c), Rob Westerduijn (d), Juan Caicedo / Grupo Ecomunitario (e), Jim McClarin (f), Sandra Marcela Restrepo (g), Adolf Karl Krüger (h).

FIGURE 6. Living specimens: a: Neda norrisii; b: Neocalvia cayennensis; c: Neohalyzia perroudi; d: Olla roatanensis; e: O. v-nigrum; f: Psyllobora confluens; g: P. decipiens; h: P. dissimilis. Photos: Juan Caicedo / Grupo Ecomunitario (a), Oscar Enciso (b), Sandra Marcela Restrepo (c), Xavier Cornejo (d), Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (e), David Föster (f), Isis Medri (g), Hugo Efraín Garzón Castellón (h).

FIGURE 13. Living specimens: a: Scymnus loewii; b: S. rubicundus; c: Stethorus sp.; d: larva of Coleomegilla maculata maculata; e: larva of Stethorus sp.; f: larva of Zagreus bimaculosus; g: larva of Scymnus sp.; h: larvae of Novius punicus. Photos: Fernando Tellez (a), Cherre Sade Bezerra Da Silva (b, c, d, e, f), Guillermo González (g), Takumasa Kondo (h).

FIGURE 16. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Cyrea brittany; b: C. collaris; c: C. colleen; d: C. compta; e: C. dana; f: C. fasciata; g: C. gertrude; h: C. jeanne; i: C. jo. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 17. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Cyrea languida; b: C. laurie; c: C. lillie; d: C. maculosa; e: C. mariae; f: C. melanura; g: C. noticollis; h: C. ormanceayi; i: C. pallax. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 18. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Cyrea pearl; b: C. samantha; c: C. stella; d: C. tessulata; e: C. tredecimguttata; f: C. trepida; g: C. ustulata; h: C. vanessa; i: C. viola. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 19. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Dilatitibialis crystal; b: D. florifera; c: D. jucunda; d: D. luteola; e: D. mulsanti; f: D. norma; g: D. scenica; h: D. sheila; i: Hinda decas. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 20. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Hinda decemverrucata; b: H. designata; c: Serratitibia arcualis; d: S. ashley; e: S. bisquatuorpustulata; f: S. brenda; g: S. galliardi; h: S. joan; i: S. judith. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 21. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Serratitibia kelly; b: S. nancy; c: Neaporia hilda; d: N. laboulbenii; e: Prodilis belinda; f: P. isabel; g: P. madeline; h: P. maggie; i: P. molly. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 22. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Prodilis olivia; b: P. pallidifrons; c: P. ramona; d: P. sheryl; e: Chilocorus cacti; f: C. nigrita; g: Curinus coeruleus; h: C. colombianus; i: Harpasus ferrugineus. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 23. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Harpasus quadrifolium; b: Zagreus adelae; c: Z. bimaculosus; d: Z. bistillatus; e: Z. guttatus, f: Z. kondoi; g: Z. similatus; h: Z. subcoeruleus; i: Z. tetraspilus. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 24. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Chnoodes nigra; b: C. terminalis; c: Dapolia corallina; d: D. deglandi; e: Dioria setigera; f: Exoplectra coccinea; g: Oryssomus subterminatus; h: Sidonis consanguinea; i: Siola boillaei. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 25. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Siola garnieri; b: Eupalea aurantia; c: E. colombiensis; d: E. formosa; e: E. mniszechii; f: Anatis lebasii; g: Carpinchita devestita; h: Cheilomenes sexmaculata; i: Chloroneda metallica. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 26. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Coccinella septempunctata; b: Coelophora inaequalis; c: Coleomegilla maculata maculata; d: C. maculata medialis; e: C. maculata tibialis; f: Cycloneda emarginata; g: C. sanguinea; h: C. arcana; i: C. decemguttata. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 27. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Cycloneda decempunctata; b: C. sallei; c: C. tricolorata; d: Egleis adjuncta; e: Eriopis punicola; f: Erythroneda vigilans; g: Harmonia axyridis; h: H. quadripunctata; i: Hippodamia convergens. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 28. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Jaguarita separata; b: J. vogli; c: Microneda perrisi; d: M. sicheli; e: Mononeda ostrina; f: Mulsantina mexicana; g: Naemia seriata; h: Neda aequatoriana; i: N. amandi. Scale: 10 mm.

FIGURE 29. Habitus and distribution maps. a: Neda callispilota; b: N. jourdani; c: Neda norrisii; d: Neocalvia cayennensis; e: Neohalyzia perroudi; f: Olla roatanensis; g: O. v-nigrum; h: Paraneda pallidula; i: Pristonema erotyloides. Scale: 10 mm.