Thyanta (Thyanta) pallidovirens (Stal)

Rider, David A. & Chapin, J. B., 1992, Revision of the genus Thyanta Stal, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America, and the West Indies., Journal N Y Ent Soc 100 (1), No. 1, pp. 42-98 : 61-64

Thyanta (Thyanta) pallidovirens (Stal)

Figs. 48-62, Map 4

Pentatoma pallidovirens Stal, 1859:227 ; Walker, 1867:288.

Thyanta pallidovirens: Stal, 1862a:58 ; Stal, 1872:35; Uhler, 1886:7; Lethierry and Severin, 1893:148; Uhler, 1894a:231; Van Duzee, 1904:53-54; Banks, 1910:90 (part); Van Duzee, 1917:52; Torre-Bueno, 1939:232; Ruckes, 1957a:l-22, Froeschner, 1988:593.

Thyanta custator (of authors, not Fabricius): Uhler, 1872: 399 (part); Uhler, 1876: 289-290 (part); Kirkaldy, 1909:94 (part); Van Duzee, 1914:4-5 (part); Van Duzee, 1916:231; Van Duzee, 1917: 52 (part).

Thyanta pallidovirens setosa Ruckes, 1957a :l 7-18; Froeschner, 1988:593. NEW SYNONYMY.

Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration often with varying amounts of reddish between humeral angles, often extending onto basal margin of each corium and along anterolateral pronotal margins; sometimes apex of scutellum reddish.

Lateraljugal margins sinuous, not parallel ( Fig. 49). Anterolateral margins ofpronotum straight to slightly concave in dorsal view, green to reddish, never piceous; humeral angles rounded ( Fig. 48); pronotal cicatrices immaculate. Postspiracular black spots usually lacking; if present, then usually smaller than adjacent spiracle. Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites immaculate.

Basal plates in caudoventral view with mesial margins straight to slightly concave; posterior margins sinuous; posteromesial angles narrowly rounded ( Fig. 60). Posterolateral angles of pygophore continuing onto posteroventral surface of pygophore as carinae, forming rectangular impression; posterior margin slightly concave in caudal view, usually with small, medial, V-shaped emargination ( Fig. 56); posterolateral angles prominent in ventral and dorsal views ( Figs. 57, 58); pygophore slightly concave in lateral view ( Fig. 59).

Types. Stal (1859) described Pentatoma pallidovirens from l& and 1 ~ specimen from California without designating a holotype or paratype. The & specimen labeled (a) "California" (b) "Kinb." (c) " Type " (d) " Typus " (e) " Thyanta pallidovirens Stal " (f) "109 51" (g) "349 84" (h) "Riksmuseum Stockholm" is designated the lectotype. The 縠 specimen labeled (a) "California" (b) "Kinb." (c) "~" (d) " Type." (e) " Allotypus " (f) "350 84" (g) "Riksmuseum Stockholm" is designated paralectotype. The lectotype and the paralectotype, which are conserved in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden), were examined.

Ruckes (1957a) described T. pallidovirens setosa from 18&& and 10~~ specimens. The holotype, which was examined, is from Pullman, Whitman Co., Washington, and is deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (New York).

Distribution. Western U.S. ( Map 4).

Specimens examined. 3,606 specimens collected during every month of the year; deposited in AMNH, CAS, DAR, EGER, FMNH, FSCA, INHS, ISU, LACM, LHR, LSU, MSU, MSUB, MSUE, NCSU, ODAS, OSUC, PUL, SIUC, SMEK, TAMU, UCB, UCR, UCS, UGA, UIM, UNAM, USNM, UUSL, WSU. CANADA: British Columbia: Cache Ck ; Coldstream ; Comox ; Lytton ; Malahat ; Nanaimo ; Vancouver Isl ; Royal Oak ; Saanich Dist ; Vernon ; Victoria ; Wellington .

UNITED STATES: California: Alameda , Alpine , Amador , Butte , Calaveras , Colusa , Contra Costa , El Dorado , Fresno , Glenn , Humboldt , Inyo , Kern , Lake , Lassen , Los Angeles , Madera , Marin , Mariposa , Mendocino , Merced , Modoc , Mono , Monterey , Napa , Nevada , Orange , Placer , Plumas , Riverside , Sacramento , San Benito , San Bernardino , San Diego , San Francisco , San Joaquin , San Luis Obispo , San Mateo , Santa Barbara , Santa Clara , Santa Cruz , Shasta , Sierra , Siskiyou , Solano , Sonoma , Stanislaus , Tehama , Trinity , Tulare , Tuolumne , Ventura , Yolo , Yuba . Idaho: Ada , Benewah , Bingham , Blaine , Boise , Bonner , Butte, Cassia , Clearwater , Elmore , Franklin , Fremont , Gen , Gooding , Idaho, Kootenai , Lake, Latah , Lewis , Nez Perce , Oneida , Owyhee , Shoshone , Twin Falls , Valley . Montana: Lake , Lewis & Clark , Ravalli , Sanders . Nevada: Carson City , Douglas , Lyon , Washoe . Oregon: Baker , Benton , Crook , Curry , Deschutes , Douglas , Grant , Harney , Hood River , Jackson , Jefferson , Josephine , Klamath , Lake , Linn , Malheur , Marion , Multnomah , Polk , Sherman , Tillamook , Umatilla , Union , Wasco , Washington , Wheeler , Yamhill . Utah: Box Elder , Cache , Garfield , Morgan , Salt Lake , Sevier , Utah , Washington, Wheeler, Yamhill. Utah: Box Elder , Cache , Garfield , Morgan , Salt Lake , Sevier , Utah , Washington , Weber . Washington: Asotin , Benton , Chelan , Clark , Columbia , Douglas , Grant , King , Kittitas , Mason , Okanagon , Pierce , San Juan , Snohomish , Spokane , Thurston , Walla Walla , Whitman , Yakima .

Comments. Ruckes (1957a) distinguished T. pallidovirens setosa from other U.S. Thyanta by the increased amount of pilosity on the legs and rostrum. This is a difficult character to discern. The brown autumnal-vernal forms of several other species and subspecies are also characterized by more and longer hairs on the same body structures ( McPherson, 1979a). Because T. p. setosa differs from the nominate subspecies in no other significant manner, T. p. setosa is placed as a junior synonym of T. pallidovirens.

No reliable morphological character will consistently separate T. pallidovirens from T. custator accerra, as discussed in detail under the comments section of T. c. accerra . Basically, in the southwestern U.S. the two usually can be separated by the shape of the humeral angles, which are rounded in T. pallidovirens and angulate to spinose in T. c. accerra . In the northwestern U.S., the two species seem to be geographically isolated ( Maps 3, 4). Here, separation often can be made based on the presence (in T. c. accerra ) or absence (in T. pallidovirens ) of postspiracular black spots.