Parinari alvimii, Prance, Revta.

Barbosa-Silva, Rafael Gomes, 2024, A Taxonomic Treatment of Parinari (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 49 (2), pp. 381-395 : 385-388

1. PARINARI ALVIMII Prance, Revta. Brasil. Bot. 2: 37. 1979. TYPE: BRAZIL. Bahia, Una. Fazenda S ~ ao Rafael, 29 Oct 1969, fl., T. S. Santos 457 (holotype: CEPEC [ CEPEC00005297 !]; isotype: NY [00378702!], FHO [ FHO00088973 digital image!]) .

Trees ca. 25 m tall, buttress roots straight, rhytidome scaly. Leaves with stipules persistent, 26–28(–38) 3 10(–20) mm, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, abaxial surface tomentose and pilose, adaxial surface glabrous, cataphylls frequently present; petioles 4.5–6(–16) 3 3–3.5(–4.5) mm, terete, pilose and arachnoid, rarely with a pair of nectaries in the leaf blade-petiole junction; leaf blades convex, 4.2–13(–22) 3 3.2–7.9 (–14.5) cm, oblong to circular, coriaceous, base cordate to subcordate, apex rounded, obtuse, rarely truncate or retuse, margin entire, revolute to plane, abaxial surface densely arachnoid, trichomes whitish, venation eucamptodromous, 18–20 pairs of secondary veins, veins prominent, pilose and arachnoid, pilose, arachnoid or glabrescent, white or greenish, adaxial surface glabrescent, rarely arachnoid. Thyrse 40–60 mm long; bracts brownish, widely ovate, strongly revolute, ca. 6.5 3 4.5–5 mm, inner face glabrous, outer face tomentose and pilose, especially in the middle portion; pedicels 1.5–2(4) mm long. Floral receptacle brownish, 6–8 mm long, campanulate, indument arachnoid and pilose; sepals 2–2.5 3 ca. 1 mm, indument arachnoid and pilose; petals rarely puberulent in the upper fifth, 1.3–2.5 3 ca. 0.9 mm, obtrullate to widely elliptic, apex rounded or acute, cucullate, venation obscure; filaments 1.3–2 mm long, anthers cream colored to orange, ca. 0.4 mm long; staminodes ca. 0.5 mm long; ovary pilose, style 2.5–3 mm long, pilose in the lower two thirds. Drupe verrucose and greenish, ca. 40 3 12 mm. Figures 3A–E , 4A–I .

Habitat and Distribution — Parinari alvimii is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in the southern part of the state of Bahia, occurring in Lowland Dense Ombrophilous Forest, Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest, and rarely in Vegetation with Maritime Influence (Restinga), between sea level and 200 m elevation ( Fig. 5 ).

Preliminary Conservation Status — Parinari alvimii has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 1108 km 2 and area of occupancy (AOO) of 44 km 2. It is being subject to at least five distinct threats ( Fernandez et al. 2021), such as urban development in the coastal region and the impact of cocoa farming ( Theobroma cacao L.). The known subpopulations of P. alvimii are suffering a decline in the number of mature individuals, as it suffers selective logging pressure in addition to the generalized forest loss in the region ( Sambuichi et al. 2008). In a formal analysis, Parinari alvimii would probably be considered Endangered (EN) based on criteria A2c; B1ab(i,iii,v)12ab(i,iii,v). It has been recorded in three Protected Areas: State Park Serra do Conduru ( Martini , s/n CEPEC00122609), REBIO (Biological Reserve) Una ( Jardim 274), and RPPN (Private Natural Heritage Reserve) Fazenda Capit ~ ao (Amorim 9539) ( Fernandez et al. 2021).

Additional Specimens Examined — Brazil. — BAHIA: Ilheus. Mata da Esperança. Entrada a 2 km a partir da antiga ponte do Rio Fund ~ ao, 18 Oct 1994, A. M. Carvalho et al. 4739 ( ALCB, K, MBM, NY) ; Itacare. 8 km S. de

Itacare , 16 Oct 1968, J. Almeida 164 ( CEPEC, K, NY, RB) ; km 2 ao S de Itacare. Beira mar, 14 Jun 1972, T. S. Santos 2305 ( CEPEC, NY) ; RPPN Fazenda Capit ~ ao. Rodovia Itacare a Ubaitaba, ca. 7 km de Itacare, 15 Mar 2015, A. M. Amorim et al. 9539 ( CEPEC, RB) ; Trilha da Fazenda Boa Paz , 11 May 2006, R. Sambuichi 566 ( RB, UESC) ; Itubera. Ligaç ~ ao da rodovia entre a BA-001 a Praia Pratigi, Rio Pancada Rasa , 15 Oct 1998, J. M. Hatschbach et al. 68529 ( BHCB, CEPEC, K, MBM, RB, SP, SPF, SPSF, W) ; Una , ca. 3 km, ramal ao N da sede da Estaç ~ ao Experimental Lemos Maia ( ESMAI), 26 Aug 1993, J. G. Jardim et al. 274 ( CEPEC, K, MBML) ; Faz. S ~ ao Rafael, 29 Oct 1969, T. S. Santos 457 ( CEPEC, NY) ; Uruçuca, 7.3 km N of Serra Grande to Itacare. Fazenda Lagoa do Conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz, 1 Aug 1991, W. W. Thomas et al. 8493 ( CEPEC) ; Estrada de Itacare para Ubaitaba. Area do inventario do plano manejo do Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru. Mata da Fazenda Capit ~ ao, Apr 2004, A. Martini et al. s/n. ( CEPEC) ; 7.3 km N of Serra Grande on rd to Itacare. Fazenda Lagoa do Conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz, 1 Jul 1991, W. W. Thomas et al. 8128 ( K) ; Aredores da Fazenda Caititu , 16 Jun 2017, R. G. Barbosa-Silva et al. 737 ( CEPEC) ; Fazenda Caititu , 25 Jan 2017, R. G. Barbosa-Silva et al. 735 ( CEPEC) ; Nova estrada que liga Uruçuca a Serra Grande , a 28–30 km de Uruçuca, 15 Jul 1978, S. Mori et al. 10243 ( CEPEC, K, NY, RB) .

Notes — Parinari alvimii differs from other species of the genus that occur in the Atlantic Forest by the long stipules and cataphylls (26–28(–38) mm long), which are persistent, and the convex leaf blade. It is commonly known as “oitı- cumbuca,” due to the leaf blade shape resembling a convex, rounded bowl, which is called “cumbuca” in Brazilian Portuguese.

Figures

FIG. 3. A–E. Parinari alvimii. A. Scaly rhytidome. B. Strongly revolute leaf with small nectaries on the margin. C. Branch with inflorescence and dry stipule. D. Details of flower, bud, and bract. E. Fruit. F–I. Parinari brasiliensis. F. Lenticellate rhytidome. G. Details of the stipules present on branch with young leaf. H. Leaf. I. Fruit. (Photos: A–E. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 737, 965; F–G. R.G. Barbosa-Silva 751; I. photographer N. L. Faria).

FIG. 4. A–E. Parinari alvimii. A. Flower. B. Longitudinal section of flower. C. Bract. D. Sepal. E–I. petals. J–R. Parinari brasiliensis. J. Flower. K. Longitudinal section of the flower. L. Bract. M. Sepal. N–R. Petals. Drawn by N. Nascimento.

FIG. 5. Geographic distribution of Parinari alvimii (circles) and Parinari brasiliensis (triangles) in the Atlantic Forest (green shaded area).