Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Dulai, Alfréd, 2016, Sporadic Pliocene and Pleistocene brachiopods in Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, the Netherlands): Records from the Mediterranean, and the North Sea Basin, Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 33, pp. 65-98 : 88-89

Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus, 1758)

( Figs 49–54)

1852 Terebratulina caput-serpentis Linnaeus – DAVIDSON, pp. 12–14, Pl. 1, Figs 3–6, 14–15.

1979 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – BRUNTON & CURRY, p. 38, Text-Figs 17A-C.

1985a Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – GAETANI & SACCÀ, pp. 15–16, Pl. 7, Figs 5–10, Pl. 9, Figs 6–9 (cum syn.).

2001 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – BORGHI, p. 52, Pl. 4, Figs 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

2003 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – BITNER & MOISSETTE, p. 472, Figs 6 A-F.

2004 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – VOSKUIL, p. 49, Text-Figs 4A-G.

2004 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – GARCÍA RAMOS, p. 28, Pl. 1, Figs 1–3.

2007 Terebratulina retusa (Linnaeus) – KOSKERIDOU, pp. 124–125, Pl. 1, Figs 5–6.

Material – Apricena (1 complete specimen); Kreekrak (1 complete specimen, 1 brachial valve).

Remarks – T. retusa is a common member of Neogene and Recent benthic assemblages, however, much more frequent in deeper water environments. Depth range of Recent T. retusa is very wide (18–2157 m; LOGAN 2007), but it is the most common between 100 and 500 m ( CURRY 1982). According to LOGAN (1979)

and LOGAN et al. (2004) Terebratulina (together with Gryphus , Platidia and Megerlia ) belongs to the eurybathic species which are more typical of the bathyal zone in the Recent Mediterranean. Probably this is the reason that this species is very rare in the studied samples, both in the Mediterranean and the North Sea Basin. T. retusa is consistently cited from the Neogene of the Mediterranean (e.g. GAETANI & SACCÀ 1985a; TADDEI RUGGIERO 1994; BORGHI 2001; BITNER & MOISSETTE 2003; GARCÍA RAMOS 2004; KOSKERIDOU 2007) and known from the Central Paratethys (e.g. BITNER & DULAI 2004). More rarely it was also mentioned from the North Sea Basin Neogene ( DAVIDSON 1852; WOOD 1872) and Recent ( BRUNTON & CURRY 1979; CURRY 1982) assemblages, sometimes under the name T. caputserpentis . The complex nomenclatural history of the retusa – caputserpentis problem was discussed recently in detail by EMIG et al. (2015).