Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (3), pp. 1-94 : 72-73

Mesna Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ A3DDA72C-3E34-42E8-82FF-457715B8E65E

Type species. Parnara leucophaea Holland , 1894.

Definition. As discussed above, Meza Hemming, 1939 (type species Hesperia meza Hewitson, 1877 ) was not monophyletic, and some of its species formed a clade sister to Fresna Evans, 1937 (type species Hesperia netopha Hewitson, 1878 ) ( Figs. 45, 46). To restore the monophyly, we placed these species in Fresna . However, they are genetically and morphologically distinct from other Fresna and constitute a new subgenus. Species of this new subgenus key to 44.B. in Evans (1937) and are distinguished from similar-looking species (e.g., Meza and Paronymus ) by the following characters: male dorsal hindwing with a hair tuft that overlays bases of veins CuA 1 and CuA 2 (does not enter a pouch either at the end of discal cell or along the median vein as in Paronymus ; Meza lacks the tuft) and uncus narrowly squared at the tip in dorsal view, not terminating in a sharp point (as in Paronymus ), and not bulb-shaped (as in Meza ). A combination of the following nuclear genomic base pairs is diagnostic: aly1249.14.7:T1966C, aly1249.14.7:C2004T, aly536.106.2:A3984G, aly 1656.5.1:A135C, aly8937.7.1:A198C.

Etymology. The name indicates that these species started in the genus Me [za] and ended in [Fre] sna. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular.

Species included. The type species (i.e., Parnara leucophaea Holland, 1894), Meza leucophaea bassa Lindsey & L. Miller, 1965 (see below), Parnara larea Neave, 1910 , and Parnara mabea Holland, 1894.

Parent taxon. Genus Fresna Evans, 1937 .