Osmodes staudingeri, Holland, 1896

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (3), pp. 1-94 : 76-77

The type locality of Osmodes staudingeri Holland, 1896 is Cameroon: Efoulan

The type locality of Osmodes staudingeri Holland, 1896, currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of Semalea rega (Mabille, 1889) , comb. nov. (type locality in Sierra Leone) was given in the original description as “Valley of the Ogové” ( Holland 1896), which is in Gabon, frequently spelled as Ogooué River Valley. This species was described from the female holotype in Holland’s collection, which is in CMNH: “Type [not types] in my collection” and “I do not know the male of this species. The solitary female in my collection …,” which was illustrated ( Holland 1896). N.V.G. found a female in CMNH with the following five labels, white, but the 4 th (without any text) red: [Efulen, | Kamerun, | A. I. Good | C. M. Acc. 4454], [ Osmodes | staudingeri | ♀ type Holl.], [unknown | to Mabille], [], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-20125A08 | c/o Nick V. Grishin ]. The female matches the original description perfectly and agrees with the illustration rather closely. Provided that it carries its identification label (2 nd label) in Holland’s handwriting, it is the holotype of O. staudingeri . However, the locality label does not mention “Valley of the Ogové,” but points to Cameroon: Efoulan (in current spelling). This is a more likely locality because this species is not otherwise known from Gabon but recorded from Cameroon (Williams 2023b). Therefore, we hypothesize that the locality in the original description is erroneous, and the locality label on the holotype points to its provenance. Hence, the type locality of O. staudingeri is Cameroon: Efoulan, and genomic sequencing of the holotype confirms this taxon as a junior subjective synonym of S. rega (syntype in MFNB sequenced as NVG-18073A03) ( Figs. 45, 46).

from Xanthoneura corissa (Hewitson, 1876)

Two phenotypically different subspecies, Xanthoneura corissa corissa (Hewitson, 1876) (type locality in Kalimantan) and Xanthoneura corissa patmapana (Fruhstorfer, 1911) (type locality in Java), are genetically differentiated ( Figs. 45, 46) and differ by 4.1% (27 bp) in their barcodes. Therefore, we propose treating Xanthoneura patmapana (Fruhstorfer, 1911) , stat. nov. as a species distinct from Xanthoneura corissa (Hewitson, 1876) .