Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (3), pp. 1-94 : 22

Paranartia Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ 5760367D-44F8-48AF-B592-2B1AEE4CC755

Type species. Hypanartia hippomene Hübner, [1823] .

Definition. Comprises the hippomene species group in Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807, as proposed by Wahlberg and Rubinoff (2011), who inferred a comprehensive phylogeny of Vanessa and its relatives and discovered the phylogenetic position of the hippomene group within Vanessa . This group is unusual because its constituent species have been previously placed in Antanartia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (type species Papilio delius Drury, 1782 ) due to phenotypic similarities. We treat the hippomene group as a new subgenus ( Fig. 7). This subgenus is distinguished from Antanartia by genitalia: in males, aedeagus without spines and projections (does not end in a “barb” like a fish hook end structure) and valva without projections off costa, which is nearly straight; and in females, with developed signa in corpus bursae ( Howarth 1966), and from Vanessa by a sharp tooth-like tail at the vein M 3 on hindwing. A combination of the following nuclear genomic base pairs is diagnostic: hm2005743-RA.6:T48C, hm2002542-RA.3: A237G, hm2017019-RA.1:T160C, hm2002154-RA.32:A1116G, hm2021745-RA.5: C862A.

Etymology. The prefix para - means “beside”, “beyond”, or “similar to”. Species of the new subgenus are similar to and were previously placed in Antanartia , and the prefix para - is fused with the latter genus name to form the new name. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular.

Species included. The type species (i.e., Hypanartia hippomene Hübner, [1823] ), Antanartia dimorphica Howarth, 1966 , and Hypanartia hippomene var. madegassorum Aurivillius, 1899 , stat. nov. (including their subspecies and synonyms).

Parent taxon. Genus Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807.

Comments. The four subgenera of Vanessa are more genetically distinct from each other than some subgenera within Nymphalis Kluk, 1780 (type species Papilio polychloros Linnaeus, 1758 ) ( Fig. 7), and several of such Nymphalis subgenera are commonly treated as genera, e.g., Polygonia Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio c-aureum Linnaeus, 1758 ).