Cesa, Seven, 1997

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (3), pp. 1-94 : 31

Cesa Seven, 1997 is a subgenus of Crudaria Wallengren, 1875

The monotypic genus Cesa Seven, 1997 (type species Spindasis waggae Sharpe, 1898 ) is closely related to Crudaria Wallengren, 1875 (type species Arhopala? leroma Wallengren, 1857 ): the COI barcodes of the type and the only species of Cesa (GenBank JN286116 ) and the type species of Crudaria (NVG-22012H12) differ by 5.5% (36 bp). For comparison, the COI barcode difference between the type species of sister genera (according to Boyle et al. (2015)) Crudaria and Cigaritis Donzel, 1848 (type species Cigaritis zohra Donzel, 1848 , NVG-22012H05) is 9.6% (63 bp), which is nearly twice as large and does not preclude genus-level genetic differentiation between Crudaria and Cigaritis . Therefore, Cesa does not represent a significant deviation from Crudaria to warrant its monotypic status as a genus and may be placed in this genus with its close relatives. Acknowledging some morphological distinction of Spindasis waggae , we propose to treat Cesa Seven, 1997, stat. nov. as a subgenus of Crudaria Wallengren, 1875 .