Dicronocephalus adamsi (Pascoe, 1863)

Qiu, Jian-Yue, 2023, Flower beetles of the Asian genus Dicronocephalus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): description of a new species from China and intraspecific variations of D. adamsi, Faunitaxys 11 (64), pp. 1-11 : 6-10

Dicronocephalus adamsi (Pascoe, 1863)

(Fig. 13-16 & 20- 37)

Dicranocephalus adamsii Pascoe, 1863: 25 (type locality: Chosan, Corea [= Chushan, Chagang-do, North Korea]).

Dicranocephalus adamsi drumonti Legrand, 2005: 4 (type locality: Moupin [= Muping Township , Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, China]); Synonymized by Lee et al. 2015: 80.

Type material examined

Holotype (automatically fixed by monotypy). 1 ♂ ( BMNH, Fig. 32 ), Corea [ Korea, Korean Peninsula]// Pascoe Coll. 93-60 [printed on a beige label in black ink]// TYPE [printed on a round, beige label with red border in black ink]// Dicronocephalus adamsi Pascoe type [handwriting by Pascoe on a beige label] .

In the original publication, Pascoe (1863) indicated that the specimen of D. adamsi was collected in Chosan, which is now called “Chushan” in Chagang-do, North Korea, beside the Yalu River.

Other material examined

South Korea

- 4 ♂, 4 ♀ (MYNU), Mt.Daeryong , Chuncheon, Gangwondo, V.2021,local leg.;

- 1 ♂ (MYNU), Mt. Cheong-Ga, Gyung-gi-do, V.2013, local leg.;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NSMT), Mt. Soyosan [Dongducheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea], 22.5.1938;

- 1 ♂ (OMNH), Mt. Cheonmasan [Gyeonggi-do, South Korea], V.1994;

North Korea

- 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Jangsu [Jaeryeong-gun, Hwanghaenam-do, North Korea], 24.VII.1934, K. Kin leg.;

Vietnam

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NSMT), Mt. Tam Dao , 900-1200m, Vhin PhuProv., 14-18.V.1999, S. Nomura leg.;

- 1 ♂ (NSMT),Mt.Tam Dao,Vinh Phu Prov., 3.VII.1997,Masaaki Tomokuni leg.;

- 1 ♂ (NSMT),Mt.Tam Dao,Vinh Phu Prov., 2.VII.1997,Masaaki Tomokuni leg.;

- 1 ♂ (NSMT),Mt.Tam Dao,Vinh Phu Prov., 17.VI.1997, Mamoru Owada leg.;

China (Liaoning)

- 1 ♂ (SYAU), Dafangshen, Fengcheng City, 12.VI.1963, Sheng-Jiu Hu & Guang-Re Qu leg.;

- 13 ♂ (MYNU), Madaogou Village, Yangmadianzi Township, Jianchang Cunty, 23-28.VI.2022, Xue-Kui Wang leg.;

- 1 ♀ (MYNU), Chiyudingzi, Daxicha Township, Kuandian Cunty, 19.VII.2022, Jian-Yue Qiu & Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

- 2 ♂ (MYNU),Mt.Wulongshan,Zhen’an District,Dandong City,ShanYuan leg.;

- 3 ♂, 8 ♀ (NEFU), Wulongbei Township, Zhen’an District, Dandong City, 9.VI.2007;

China (Hebei)

- 1 ♂ (BJFU), Funing District, Qinhuangdao City, 1990;

- 1 ♂ (MYNU), Mt. Huangshaling, Xuting Township, Zanhuang County, 9.VII.2023, Jian-Yue Qiu & Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

- 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (MYNU), Mayigou Village, Yuguan Township, Funing District, Qinhuangdao City, 10.VI.2023, Zhi-Yong Bai leg.;

China (Beijing)

- 10 ♂, 8 ♀ (MYNU),Jingdong Grand Canyon,PingguDistrict, 23-26.VI.2017, George Geshev leg.;

China ( Tianjin)

- 1 ♀ (NKUM),Mt.Baxianshan,Jizhou District, 24.VI.2014.Yue-Qi Zhang leg.;

- 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Huanghuashan, Xiaying Township, Jizhou District, 25.V.2008, Chang-Chin Chen leg.;

China (Gansu)

- 1 ♂ (IZAS), Fanba Township , Wenxian County, 26.VI.1998, Jian Yao leg.;

- 1 ♂ (MYNU), YangbaTownship , Kangxian County, 29.VI.2012,Jin-JinWang leg.;

China (Shanxi)

- 23 ♂ (IZAS), Mt. Lishan,Yuncheng City, 1- 9.VI.1993;

- 24 ♂ (IZAS), Mt. Zhongtiaoshan, Yongji City, 1-3.VI.1993;

- 2 ♀ (MYNU), Manghe Natural Reserve, Yangcheng County, 29.V.2016, Zu-Qi Mai leg.;

- 2 ♀ (MYNU), Changshandi Village, Magedang Township, Lingchuan County, 25.VI.2018, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg.;

- 1 ♀ (MYNU), Lishan Village, Lishan Township, Yuanqu County, 25.VII.2021, Jian-Yue Qiu &Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

China (Shaanxi)

- 11 ♂ (IZAS), Mt. Qinling, 2- 30.VI.1999;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MYNU), Huangjiatang, HantaiDistrict, Hanzhong City, 20.V.2020, Kun Yu leg.;

China (Henan)

- 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CSCS), Mt. Shaoshishan, Dengfeng City, 9.VI.2000, Mei-Cai Wei &Ming-Li Chen leg.;

- 1 ♀ (CSCS),HuanglianshuForset Farm,Jiyuan City, 6.VI.2000,Mei-Cai Wei & Ming-Li Chen leg.

- 1 ♀ (HAUZ), Zhengzhou Forest Park, Zhengzhou City, 26.VI.2002;

- 3 ♂ (HAUZ), Mt. Songshan, Dengfeng City, 25.VI.2001;

- 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (HAUZ), Jiuligou, Mt. Wangwushan, Jiyuan City, 25.VI.2002;

- 1 ♂(HBUM),Longyuwan,LuanchuanCounty, 23.VII.2002,Xiu-JuanYangleg.;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HIST), Baligou, Huixian County, 11.V.2002;

- 12 ♂, 15 ♀ (HIST), Baiyunsi, Huixian County, 14.V.2004;

- 6 ♂, 6 ♀ (HIST), Yakou Village, Shangbali Township, Huixian County, 26.V.2002;

- 1 ♂ (IZAS), Runan Forest Farm, Runan County, 23.VI.1981, Zhen-Cheng Ding leg.;

- 1 ♂ (IZAS), Jiyuan City, VIII.1960;

- 20 ♂, 16 ♀ (MYNU), Tianjieshan Natural Reserve, Huixian County, 27 -28.VI.2018, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg.;

- 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Zhenleishan, Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, 2.V.2022, Hui Guo leg.;

- 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (MYNU), Jianzhuang Village, Rencun Township, Linzhou City, 8.VII.2022, Jian-Yue Qiu & Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

China (Anhui)

- 12 ♂ (MYNU), Mt. Yinpinshan, Jinping Township, Chaohu City, 2.V.2023, Bin Yuan leg.;

- 1 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Wanluoshan, Chizhou City, 3.V.2021, Yu Bao leg.;

China (Zhejiang)

- 5 ♂ (MYNU), Hangzhou Safari Park, Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, 27.V.2006, Yang He leg.;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Xiaoheshan, XihuDistrict, Hangzhou City, 14.V.2010, WeiLiuleg.;

China (Hubei)

- 1 ♂ (SCAU), Lvlin Township, Jingshan County, 10.VII.2007, Xin-Ming Wangleg.;

- 11 ♂, 5 ♀ (MYNU), Maoshan, Maqiao Township, Baokang County, 19-20.VI.2018, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg.;

- 4 ♂ (MYNU), Xintangxia Village, Tongyang Township, Tongshan County, 5.VII.2017, Ye-Jie Lin leg.;

- 4 ♂ (MYNU), Gaoshan Forest Farm, Yujiahu, Xiangyang City, 15.V.2016, Mao-Ye leg.;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Hutoushan, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, 7.V.2015, Mao-Ye leg.;

- 1 ♂ (YUJC), Songbai Township, Shennongjia Forestry District, 20.VII.2003, Xiao-Wen Fei leg.;

- 1 ♂ (YUJC), Shengziping Township, Wufeng County, 11.VII.2011, Pin-Lu Liao leg.;

China (Sichuan)

- 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CWNU), Mt. Emei, 890m, 28.VI.2009, Li-Hong Liu leg.;

- 2 ♀ (HBUM), countytownof Pingwu, 18.VII.2009,Zhen-Hua Gao& Yi-Ping Liu leg.;

- 8 ♂ (IZAS), Qinyingge, Mt. Emei, 10.V.1957, Zong-Yuan Wang leg.;

- 1 ♂ (IZAS),Dewei Township,Luding County, 21.VI.1982, Huai-Wei Chai leg.;

- 1 ♀ (MFNB), Su-Tchuen [Sichuan], Ya-Tcheou [Yazhou, now Ya’an City ], 1897// coll. Jul. Moser;

- 1 ♂ (MFNB),Siao-Lou-Lou-Chan[now inYa’anCity,seeQiu etal., 2013], Chasseurs Thibétains, 1897;

- 2 ♂ (MFNB), Szechwan [Sichuan], Ta-Tzin-Lu [Kanding];

- 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MSNG), 1903, Su-Tchuen, Chasseurs indigènes;

- 1 ♀ (MSNG),1901,Siao-Lou[nowin TianquanCounty,seeQiu etal., 2013], Chasseurs indigènes de P. Dejean;

- 6 ♂ (MYNU),Gaojiashan,Gulin Township, Gulin County, V.2013, Lu Qiu leg.;

- 66 ♂, 11 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Zixiashan, Lognquanyi District, Chengdu City, 6.V.2023, Jian-Yue Qiu leg.;

- 52 ♂, 14 ♀ (MYNU), Longchiping, Long’an Township, Pingwu County, 29-30.V.2021, Jian-Yue Qiu &Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

- 2 ♂ (MYNU), Luchanggou, Mali Township, Dechang County, 5.VII.2023, Hao Xu & Tian-xuan Gu leg.;

- 11 ♂, 7 ♀ (MYNU), HuafengVillage, Doukou Township, Pingwu County, 21-23.VI.2021, Hao Xu, Xin-Yuan Zhang & Hui Wen leg.;

- 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (MYNU), Mt. Lushan, Xichang City, 20.IV.2021, Chao Zhou leg.;

- 2 ♀ (MYNU), Longtanpo, Yongxing Township, Fucheng District, Mianyang City, 27.V.2022,Yu-Tang Wang leg.;

- 2 ♂ (MYNU), Meiluo Township, Shimian County, 15.VI.2015, Huang-Shun Xi leg.;

- 1 ♀(MYNU),Mt.Jiuhuangshan,Beichuan County, 18.III.2023,Yu-Xing Wu leg.;

- 1 ♂ (NHMB), 1897, Su-Tchuen, Ya-Tcheon;

- 1 ♂ (NJAU),Changsongsi [Changsong Village,BaiheTownship,Longquanyi District,Chengdu City], 5.V.1938;

- 1 ♂ (SCUM), Mt. Emei, 800- 1000m, Yi-Zheng Wang leg.;

- 1 ♂ (SCUM), 19-23, Jun. [19]29, Szechuan China, D. C. Graham// bet Yachow&Kiating, 12 -1500ft // Dicrannocephalus adamsi Pascoe , Ch'33;

China (Chongqing)

- 1 ♀ (CQNU),Longwanggou,Jiming Township,Chengkou County, 23.VI.2017;

- 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (MYNU),Mt.Jinyunshan,Beibei District, 5.IV.2012,Jian-Yue Qiu leg.;

- 2 ♂ (MYNU), Qixingdong Village, Beibei District, 4.V.2013, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg.;

- 6 ♂, 4 ♀ (SWUC), Mt.Jinyunshan, Beibei District, 7.V.2008, Ran Sun leg.;

China (Hunan)

- 6 ♂, 4 ♀ (CSCS), Mt. Hupingshan, Shimen County, 8.V.1992;

- 1 ♂ (HFCS), Dongshi, Lixian, Changde, 10.V.1981 // Dicronocephalus adamsi , det. By Wen-Zhen MA.

China (Guizhou)

- 1 ♂ (BMNH), Mt.Yuntaishan, Sinan County, VI.2008;

- 1 ♀ (GFGY), MaolanNaturalReserve, Libo County, 26.V.1985, Jing-Hua Zhao, Qun Wang &Yan-Xian Liu leg.;

- 3 ♂ (KLUC), Mt. Yuntaishan, Shibing County, 14.VI. 2011, Z. C. Yang, Q. M. Zeng & X. L. Yao leg.;

- 1 ♀ (KLUC), Dongfeng Forest Farm, Liping County, VI. 2007;

- 1 ♂ (MYNU), Guiyang Forest Park, Nanming District, Guiyang City, VI.2017, Tian-YongYang leg.;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (OMNH), Mt. Fanjingshan, Jiangkou County,V- VI.1996;

- 1 ♀ (SWUC), Banzhai, Maolan Natural Reserve, Libo County, 1 6 -18.VI. 2006, Zai-Hua Yang leg.;

China (Guangxi)

- 4 ♀ (CCCC), Xinchang, Yachang Township, LeyeCounty, 31.V.2016, Yan-Quan Lu leg.;

- 11 ♂ (MYNU), Mt. Damingshan, Wuming County,V- VI.2012, local leg.;

China (Yunnan)

- 1 ♂ (IZAS), Eling, Suijiang County, 1981, Yong-Zhen Hu leg.;

- 5 ♂, 5 ♀ (MYNU), Tuanshan Village, Zhushan Township, Yiliang County, 13-15.VI.2023, Shi-Lin Xu leg.;

- 5 ♂, 2 ♀ (MYNU), Luohe Township, Hongta District, Yuxi City, VI.2022, local leg.

Diagnosis of the male. – Middle to large sized. Body color reddish-brown to black; dorsal and ventral surfaces clad with light gray tomentum. Horns with two forms: 1) horns of large sized individual “L” shaped, upwarped vertically from the middle; inner ridge nearly absent; apex with two tips (Fig. 20); 2) horns of small to middle sized individuals much shorter; inner ridge distinct; apex with a single tip (Fig. 21- 22). Lateral tooth of horn distinct regardless of body size. Clypeal gap small (even with an extremely large body size, Fig. 14, indicated by the blue arrow). Lateral maculae of pronotum absent ( Fig. 27- 29 & 31 -32 ) or present ( Fig. 23, 25 - 26 & 30 ). Length of pronotal bands usually 1/3 to 4/5 of the pronotum length. Scutellum usually partly clad with tomentum ( Fig. 23, 28, 30 & 32 ) or without tomentum ( Fig. 25- 27 & 31 ).

Diagnosis of the female. – Middle sized. Body color dark brown to black. Clypeus “M” shaped but anterior margin usually slightly depressed. Elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly from the middle.

Measurements (mm)

Male. – Body length 18.8 -30.0; body width 10.1 -15.7.

Female. – Body length 18.6 -27.5; body width 9.2 - 13.7.

Distribution. – China: Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui (new record), Zhejiang (new record), Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing (new record), Guizhou, Guangxi (new record), Yunnan; Korean Peninsula; North Vietnam.

Variability. – This species is widely distributed fromKorean Peninsula ( Kim, 2011) to North Vietnam. Therefore, there are several different geographical populations with different appearances:

1 - Northern population (Fig.16,30, 32& 36-37, yellow area in Fig. 45 ), distributed from Yellow River basin to Korean Peninsula with average smallestbody size.Bodycolor usually dark brown to reddish-brown, including the holotype of D. adamsi ( Fig. 32 ); horn in reddish-brown; female with fulvous hairs on pygidium and abdomen (Fig. 16).

2 - Southern population (Fig. 20, 22 - 25, 27 - 28, 31 & 33 -35, green area in Fig. 45 ), distributed from Qinling-Daba Mountains to North Vietnam. Body size larger; body color darker, usually black to dark brown, only a very few individuals in reddish-brown; horn in reddish-brown; female with fulvous or black hairs on pygidium and abdomen.

3 - Eastern population (Fig. 15, 21, 26, orange area in Fig. 45 ), distributed in Eastern China. Average body size the largest; body color the darkest, male and all female black; horn in dark brown or black; female with black hairs on pygidium and abdomen (Fig. 15).

4 - Southwestern population ( Fig. 29 , purple area in Fig. 45 ), recently discovered from central Yunnan Province. Body color of male dark brown and most male with tomentum fully covered scutellum (this feature is quite rare in other populations); female black with black hairs on pygidium and abdomen.

Remarks. – Legrand (2005) described the subspecies D. a. drumonti, and believed that there were significant differences between it and the nominate subspecies distributed in the Korean Peninsula. Later, Lee et al. (2015) synonymized D a. drumonti with D. a. adamsi based on the phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. The examination of a lot of specimens confirmed this synonymy, and this species is very common and continuously distributed in the East Asian continent. No specimen of this species was known from southeastern China (i.e., Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangdong), and the records from Heilongjiang ( Zhang et al., 2011) and Mt. Chang Bai Shan, Jilin ( Legrand, 2005) are also doubtful (marked with “?” in Fig. 45 ).

Figures

Fig. 23-33. Dicronocephalus adamsi from different population. 23-24, 30, 32, 35, 37. Northern population. 27-28, 31, 33 -35. Southern population. 26. Eastern population. 29. Southwestern population.

Fig. 45. Known distribution of Dicronocephalus chenliae sp. nov. and Dicronocephalus adamsi.