Cupania

McCoy, Jessica, Gibson, Martha E., Hocking, Emma P., O’Keefe, Jennifer M. K., Riding, James B., Roberts, Raymond, Campbell, Stewart, Abbott, Geoffrey D. & Pound, Matthew J., 2024, Temperate to tropical palaeoclimates on the northwest margin of Europe during the middle Cenozoic, Palaeontologia Electronica (a 43) 27 (2), pp. 1-66 : 42-55

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.26879/1349
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE262A-FFA3-FFE6-E59A-F994FB97C1AC
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cupania
status

Treatment

Cupania View in CoL N

Angiospermae Sapindaceae Cupaneidites eucalyptoides Cupania N

Angiospermae Sapotaceae Tetracolporopollenites Sapotaceae N

Angiospermae Sapotaceae Tetracolporopollenites Sapotaceae N sapotoides

Angiospermae Symplocaceae Symplocospollenites Symplocos N

Angiospermae Symplocaceae Symplocospollenites anglica Symplocos N

Angiospermae Symplocaceae Symplocospollenites Symplocos N hidasensis

Angiospermae Symplocaceae Symplocospollenites latisporis Symplocos N Unknown Unknown Corrusporis chattensis Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Corrusporis globoverrucatus Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Corrusporis granotuberculatus Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Corrusporis tuberculatus Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Tricolpopollenites hians Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Tricolpopollenites verrucatus Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Tricolpopollenites hastus Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Tricolpopollenites baculoferus Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites Unknown N /A spinoreticulatus

Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites spinus Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites verrucatus Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Areoligera semicirculata Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Carpolithes Callialasporites lividus Unknown Unknown N N / /A A

Unknown Unknown Carpolithes vinaceus Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Cerebropollenites Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Classopollis

Unknown Unknown Dewalquea

Unknown N/A

Unknown Unknown Diporicellaesporites Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Dryandroides

Unknown N/A

Unknown Unknown Dryandroides bankslaefolia Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Dryandroides hakeaeafolia Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Dryandroides laevigata Unknown N /A

Unknown Unknown Echitonium sophiae Unknown N /A Unknown Unknown Fusiformisporites Unknown N /A

Type Division Family Taxa NLR Removed from MPDry reconstructions, N (/ N A Y) or

Unknown Unknown Holkopollenites

Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Holkopollenites chemardensis Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Ichyosporites

Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Ichyosporites foveasolidus Unknown N / A Unknown Unknown Intrapunctosporis Unknown N / A Unknown Unknown Intrapunctosporis lusaticus Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Intrapunctosporis pliocaenicus Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Toroisporis

Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Triporopollenites aroboratus Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Microfoveolatisporis Unknown N / A apheloides

Unknown Unknown Microfoveolatisporis Unknown N / A tuemmlitzensis

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Minorpollis Pompeckjoidaepollenites Unknown Unknown N N / / A A

Unknown Unknown Pompeckjoidaepollenites Unknown N / A subhercynicus

Unknown Unknown Monolites

Unknown Unknown Nudopollis

Unknown Unknown Oligopollis

Unknown Unknown Obtusisporis

Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites Unknown N / A baculoferus

Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites spinus Unknown N / A

Unknown Unknown Tricolporopollenites verrucatus Unknown N / A Unknown Unknown Schizosporis Unknown N / A

Modern location no. of maximum minimumage assemblage Site lat (°) lon (°) levels stage age (Ma) (Ma) dating technique references

Washing Bay 54.54 -6.60 1?Oligocene

Bovey 50.57 -3.92 1 Rupelian

Ballynakilly 53.56 -9.96 1?Oligocene

Bellbrook 54.61 -6.25 1?Oligocene

Mire House 54.55 -6.75 1?Oligocene

Petrockstowe 51.00 -4.13 1 Oligocene

33.9

23 Pollen Wilkinson and Boulter (1980)

27.82 Pollen Wilkinson and Boulter (1980)

23 Pollen Wilkinson et al. (1980)

23 Pollen Chaanda (2016) Little Minch 58.06 -5.97 6 Rupelian- 27.82 (80/14) ALL Chattian*

23.03 Pollen Evans et al. (1991)

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Chattian*

1 (62.5 m)

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Chattian

2 (66-67 m)

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Rupelian or 3 (70-72 m) Chattian

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Rupelian

4 (72-73 m)

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Rupelian

5 (73-74 m)

25.5

25.8

31.8

Indeterminate Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991) with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), above 80/14- H

25.5 Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991) with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), with 80/14- G

Indeterminate Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991) with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), with 80/14- E

Indeterminate Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991) with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), with 80/14 - D

Indeterminate Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991) with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), with 80/14 - D

Little Minch - 58.06 -5.97 1 Rupelian* Indeterminat 31.8 Pollen, comparison Evans et al. (1991)

6 (78 m) e with 80/14 (Wilson,

1996), with 80/14 - B

St. Agnes 50.31 -5.23 1 Rupelian Beacon

33.9 27.82 Pollen Jowsey et al. (1992); Walsh et al. (1987) 73/35 51.19 -4.59 1 Chattian 27.82

73/58 51.19 -4.41 1 Chattian 27.82 23.03 Pollen Boulter and Craig (1979)

23.03 Pollen Boulter and Craig (1979)

Ballygiblin 52.22 -8.52 1 Oligocene

Ballymacada 52.24 -9.43 1 Oligocene m

33.9

23 Pollen Simms and Boulter (2000)

23 Pollen Boulter (1980); Watts (1962)

16/16B-A 58.80 1.23 1 Rupelian>32.1 <32.1 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

16/16B-B 58.80 1.23 1 Rupelian Indeterminat 31.7 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996)

e cyst

16/16B-C 58.80 1.23 1 Rupelian

31.5 Indeterminate Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

16/16-D 58.80 1.23 1 Rupelian Indeterminat 31.05 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996)

e cyst

Modern location no. of maximum minimumage assemblage Site lat (°) lon (°) levels stage age (Ma) (Ma) dating technique references

16/16- E 58.80 1.23 1 Chattian 26.8 Indeterminate Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

16/16- F 58.80 1.23 1 Chattian

16/16- G 58.80 1.23 1 Chattian>26.3 26.6 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

<26.3 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

21/28- A 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian ~33 ~33 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

21/28- B 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian>32.1 <32.1 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

21/28- C 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian 32

Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

21/28-D 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian

21/28- E 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian

21/28- F 57.82 -3.10 1 Rupelian 31.8 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

31.05 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

30.5 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

21/28- G 57.82 -3.10 1 Chattian 26.6 Indeterminate Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

80/14- A 57.77 -6.92 1 Rupelian*

80/14- B 57.77 -6.92 1 Rupelian*

80/14- C 57.77 -6.92 1 Rupelian* 31.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

31.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

80/14-D 57.77 -6.92 1 Rupelian

80/14- E 57.77 -6.92 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

80/14- F 57.77 -6.92 1 Chattian

80/14- G 57.77 -6.92 1 Chattian

80/14- H 57.77 -6.92 1 Chattian 31.8

31.8

25.8

25.5 Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

25.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

25.5 Pollen Wilson (1996)

Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

88/12- A 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian* Indeterminat 31.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

88/12- B 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian* Indeterminat 31.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

88/12- C 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian* Indeterminat 31.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

88/12-D 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian

88/12- E 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

88/12- F 56.84 -6.99 1 Rupelian or

Chattian 31.8

31.8

31.8 Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996) 88/12- G 56.84 -6.99 1 Chattian 27.05 Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996) 78/01- A 56.74 -7.32 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

78/01- B 56.74 -7.32 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

78/01- C 56.74 -7.32 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

78/01-D 56.74 -7.32 1 Rupelian or

Chattian 33.9

33.9

33.9 25.6 Pollen Wilson (1996)

25.6 Pollen Wilson (1996)

Modern location no. of maximum minimumage assemblage Site lat (°) lon (°) levels stage age (Ma) (Ma) dating technique references

78/01- E 56.74 -7.32 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

78/01- F 56.74 -7.32 1 Chattian

78/01- G 56.74 -7.32 1 Chattian* 33.9

25.6

24.8 25.6 Pollen Wilson (1996)

24.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

77/07- A 61.51 -4.61 1 Rupelian* Indeterminat 31.7 Pollen Wilson (1996)

77/07- B 61.51 -4.61 1 Rupelian

77/07- C 61.51 -4.61 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

77/07-D 61.51 -4.61 1 Rupelian or

Chattian 31.7

31.7

31.7 Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

26.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

26.8 Pollen Wilson (1996) 77/07- E 61.51 -4.61 1 Early 23.03

Miocene Indeterminate Pollen Wilson (1996)

73/36- A 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian*

73/36- B 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian*

73/36- C 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian*

73/36-D 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian*

73/36- E 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian

73/36- F 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

73/36- G 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

73/36- H 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

73/36- I 51.25 -4.65 1 Rupelian or

Chattian

73/36- J 51.25 -4.65 1 Chattian* 33.9

33.9

31.8

25.8

31.8 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

Indeterminate Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

25.8 Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst

Indeterminate Pollen, dinoflagellate Wilson (1996) cyst LNA 54.65 -6.62 1 Rupelian or 31.65 Chattian

LNB 54.65 -6.62 1 Rupelian or 31.65 Chattian

LNC 54.65 -6.62 1 Rupelian or 31.65 Chattian

LND 54.65 -6.62 1 Rupelian or 31.65 Chattian

25.8 Pollen Wilson (1996)

25.8 Pollen Wilson (1996) Castlemartin 51.61 -4.99 1 Early Miocene 23 15.97 Pollen, dinoflagellate McLean (2002) cyst

LN_13611 54.99 -6.58 1?Chattian 27.82

LN_27415 54.68 -6.55 1?Chattian 27.82

LN_603 55.11 -6.40 1?Chattian 27.82

LN_36_4680 54.56 -6.40 1?Chattian 27.82

Mochras borehole

23.03 Pollen Fitzgerald (1999)

23.03 Pollen Fitzgerald (1999) Mochras (1) 52.81 -4.14 2 Oligocene 33.9 23 Pollen Herbert-Smith (1971)

Modern location no. of maximum minimumage assemblage Site lat (°) lon (°) levels stage age (Ma) (Ma) dating technique references

Mochras (2) 52.81 -4.14 3 Oligocene- Early Miocene

Depths (m)

515.42 52.81 -4.14 1 Oligocene, if not older

408.43 52.81 -4.14 1 Oligocene, if not older

368.8 52.81 -4.14 1 Oligocene- Early Miocene

368.2 52.81 -4.14 1 Oligocene- Early Miocene

324.61 52.81 -4.14 1 Oligocene- Early Miocene, if not younger

33.9

33.9 15.97 Pollen Herbert-Smith (1971)

23 Pollen Herbert-Smith (1971)

15.97 Pollen Herbert-Smith (1971)

Indeterminate Pollen Herbert-Smith (1971)

TABLE 2B (continued)..

Present-day climate variables

Warmest Coldest

Quarter Quarter Wettest Driest Precipitation

MAT Mean Mean month month seasonality Köppen- Site (° C) (° C) (° C) MAP (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) Geiger

Washing Bay 9.58 14.75 5.02

Bovey 8.9 14.02 4.42

Ballynakilly 9.65 13.9 5.97

Bellbrook 9.32 14.53 4.68

Mire House 9.23 14.4 4.68

Petrockstowe 10.08 15.2 5.62

Little Minch (80/14) ALL 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 1 (62.5 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 2 (66-67 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 3 (70-72 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 4 (72-73 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 5 (73-74 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

Little Minch - 6 (78 m) 8.35 12.46 4.88

St. Agnes Beacon 10.61 15.12 6.82

73/35 10.65 15.18 6.7

73/58 10.5 15.38 6.3

Ballygiblin 9.77 14.47 5.65

Ballymacadam 10.15 14.6 6.25

16/16B-A 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16B-B 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16B-C 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16-D 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16- E 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16- F 7.88 11.65 4.65

16/16- G 7.88 11.65 4.65

21/28- A 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28- B 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28- C 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28-D 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28- E 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28- F 8.37 13.45 3.92

21/28- G 8.37 13.45 3.92

80/14- A 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- B 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- C 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14-D 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- E 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- F 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- G 8.96 12.73 5.75

80/14- H 8.96 12.73 5.75

88/12- A 8.89 12.58 5.75 898 93 57 18.24 Cfb

1326 159 70 28.2 Cfb

1324 147 71 25.52 Cfb

989 104 59 19.36 Cfb

1022 105 64 18.7 Cfb

1106 128 62 26.63 Cfb

1272 151 57 32.34 Cfb

1040 126 52 39.1 Cfb

932 113 48 28.15 Cfb

996 121 52 29.05 Cfb

1195 142 66 29.57 Cfb

1317 161 70 30.26 Cfb

1070 131 47 33.18 Cfc

660 66 41 15.53 Cfb

1337 156 61 30.26 Cfb

1312 153 60 29.91 Cfb

Present-day climate variables

Warmest Coldest

Quarter Quarter Wettest Driest Precipitation

MAT Mean Mean month month seasonality Köppen- Site (° C) (° C) (° C) MAP (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) Geiger

88/12- B 8.89 12.58 5.75

88/12- C 8.89 12.58 5.75

88/12-D 8.89 12.58 5.75

88/12- E 8.89 12.58 5.75

88/12- F 8.89 12.58 5.75

88/12- G 8.89 12.58 5.75

78/01- A 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01- B 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01- C 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01-D 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01- E 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01- F 9.35 13.33 5.97

78/01- G 9.35 13.33 5.97

77/07- A 6.74 9.98 4.1

77/07- B 6.74 9.98 4.1

77/07- C 6.74 9.98 4.1

77/07-D 6.74 9.98 4.1

77/07- E 6.74 9.98 4.1

73/36- A 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- B 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- C 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36-D 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- E 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- F 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- G 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- H 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- I 10.54 15.1 6.62

73/36- J 10.54 15.1 6.62

LNA 9.41 14.52 4.92

LNB 9.41 14.52 4.92

LNC 9.41 14.52 4.92

LND 9.41 14.52 4.92

Castlemartin 10.6 15.25 6.57

LN_13611 9.47 14.33 5.1

LN_27415 9.4 14.4 4.97

LN_603 9.16 13.9 4.9

LN_36_4680 9.59 14.62 5.18

Mochras borehole

Mochras (1) 10.14 15.1 5.72

Mochras (2) 10.14 15.1 5.72

Depths (m)

515.42 10.14 15.1 5.72

1312 153 60 29.91 Cfb

1419 163 61 32.19 Cfb

2345 277 105 33.38 Cfc

957 116 49 28.64 Cfb

1004 105 62 19.33 Cfb

904 108 48 26.9 Cfb

1131 120 63 22.4 Cfb

1017 106 61 20.04 Cfb

1157 127 61 24.57 Cfb

959 103 58 19.71 Cfb

955 112 51 25.04 Cfb

TABLE 2C (continued).

Palaeoclimate variables Warmest Coldest Temp Quarter Quarter seasonal Wettest Driest Season MAT Wet Mean Mean ity MAP month month ality Pdry Pwarm Pcold Köppen- Site bio1 bio8 bio10 bio11 diff. bio12 bio13 bio14 bio15 bio17 bio18 bio19 Geiger

Washing Bay 13.37 22.61 17.59 9.75 7.84

Bovey 13.37 22.61 23.22 6.53 16.68

Ballynakilly 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

Bellbrook 13.37 22.61 17.59 8.14 9.45

Mire House 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

Petrockstowe 12.13 22.61 21.52 5.02 16.51

Little Minch 11.27 12.96 17.99 5.33 12.66 (80/14) ALL

Little Minch - 10.35 11.36 17.59 4.92 12.66 1 (62.5 m)

Little Minch - 10.35 11.36 17.59 4.92 12.66 2 (66-67 m)

Little Minch - 10.35 11.36 17.59 4.92 12.66 3 (70-72 m)

Little Minch - 11.86 22.61 23.22 4.92 18.29 4 (72-73 m)

Little Minch - 11.86 22.61 23.22 6.53 16.68 5 (73-74 m)

Little Minch - 11.86 22.61 23.22 6.53 16.68 6 (78 m)

St. Agnes 10.35 12.96 17.59 4.92 12.66 Beacon

73/35 14.87 22.61 23.22 9.75 13.47

73/58 11.86 22.61 23.22 6.53 16.68

Ballygiblin 10.83 12.96 17.60 6.53 11.06

Ballymacada 16.38 22.61 23.22 12.96 10.25 m

16/16B-A 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

16/16B-B 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

16/16B-C 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

16/16-D 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

16/16- E 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

16/16- F 19.40 22.61 24.62 17.79 6.83

16/16- G 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

21/28- A 20.96 23.29 24.97 20.08 4.89

21/28- B 20.90 22.61 24.62 19.40 5.23

21/28- C 14.87 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

21/28-D 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

21/28- E 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

21/28- F 17.89 22.61 24.62 17.79 6.83

21/28- G 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

80/14- A 22.41 24.22 24.62 21.01 3.62

80/14- B 19.40 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23 1308 282 45 25.63 151 298 201 Cfb

1138 184 45 20.50 151 298 201 Cfa

1308 282 48 23.92 159 298 221 Cfa

1195 233 45 23.92 151 298 201 Cfb

1251 270 45 23.92 151 298 221 Cfa

967 110 45 17.72 143 298 181 Cwb

1066 108 42 17.03 151 271 201 Cfb

1081 110 42 17.09 159 271 261 Cfb

1081 110 42 17.09 159 271 261 Cfa

1138 110 42 18.79 159 271 261 Cfa

796 98 42 17.09 143 217 181 Cfb

1251 257 42 23.92 151 326 201 Cfa

1081 135 42 20.50 143 271 181 Cfa

853 110 45 18.40 159 217 201 Cfb

1195 233 42 22.21 143 298 201 Cfa

1308 245 53 30.75 183 326 221 Cfa

1251 196 48 29.05 167 298 221 Cfa

1308 245 56 30.75 191 326 221 Cfa

1251 184 59 20.50 214 298 241 Cfa

1251 184 59 20.50 206 298 241 Cfa

1251 245 59 20.50 214 298 241 Cfa

1251 196 59 20.50 198 298 241 Cfa

1180 112 67 17.03 234 281 265 Af

1422 270 65 22.21 230 326 261 Cfa

1251 208 42 32.46 151 326 221 Cfa

1308 233 53 30.75 183 326 221 Cfa

1251 208 59 20.50 206 298 241 Cfa

1251 245 62 20.50 214 298 241 Cfa

1251 196 62 20.50 222 298 241 Cfa

1251 123 48 51.26 167 326 221 Af

1251 123 48 34.17 167 326 221 Cfa

Palaeoclimate variables

Warmest Coldest

Temp Quarter Quarter seasonal Wettest Driest Season

MAT Wet Mean Mean ity MAP month month ality Pdry Pwarm Pcold Köppen- Site bio1 bio8 bio10 bio11 diff. bio12 bio13 bio14 bio15 bio17 bio18 bio19 Geiger

80/14- C 19.40 24.22 24.62 17.79 6.83

80/14-D 20.90 24.22 24.62 17.79 6.83

80/14- E 19.40 24.22 24.62 17.79 6.83

80/14- F 20.90 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23

80/14- G 16.38 22.61 24.62 11.36 13.27

80/14- H 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

88/12- A 14.87 22.61 23.22 9.75 13.47

88/12- B 11.86 22.61 23.22 4.92 18.29

88/12- C 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

88/12-D 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

88/12- E 11.86 22.61 17.59 6.53 11.06

88/12- F 13.37 22.61 23.22 8.14 15.08

88/12- G 14.87 22.61 23.22 9.75 13.47

78/01- A 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

78/01- B 19.40 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

78/01- C 20.90 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23

78/01-D 20.90 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23

78/01- E 22.41 24.22 24.62 21.01 3.62

78/01- F 20.90 24.22 24.62 21.01 3.62

78/01- G 22.41 24.22 24.62 21.01 3.62

77/07- A 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

77/07- B 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

77/07- C 17.89 22.61 24.62 14.57 10.05

77/07-D 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

77/07- E 11.86 21.01 21.81 4.92 16.88

73/36- A 17.89 22.61 24.62 14.57 10.05

73/36- B 20.90 24.22 24.62 17.79 6.83

73/36- C 19.40 22.61 24.62 17.79 6.83

73/36-D 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

73/36- E 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

73/36- F 20.90 22.61 24.62 19.40 5.23

73/36- G 20.96 23.29 24.41 20.08 4.33

73/36- H 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

73/36- I 22.41 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23

73/36- J 22.41 24.22 24.62 21.01 3.62

LNA 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

LNB 22.41 24.22 24.62 19.40 5.23

LNC 17.89 22.61 24.62 16.18 8.44

LND 14.87 22.61 23.22 9.75 13.47

Castlemartin 11.86 22.61 17.59 4.92 12.66

LN_13611 14.87 22.61 23.22 9.75 13.47

LN_27415 13.37 22.61 24.62 4.92 19.70 1195 123 53 30.75 167 298 221 Cfa

1308 245 65 20.50 230 326 261 Cfa

1308 257 62 20.50 222 298 241 Cfa

1308 257 56 22.21 175 298 241 Cfa

1251 257 48 22.21 167 298 241 Cfa

1251 257 42 27.34 151 298 241 Cfa

1308 270 56 22.21 175 326 241 Cfa

1081 110 59 17.09 175 298 241 Cfa

1308 270 48 23.92 167 326 261 Cfa

1251 257 48 20.50 167 298 241 Cfa

1195 257 48 20.50 167 298 241 Cfb

1251 257 59 22.21 198 326 241 Cfa

1365 282 59 25.63 214 326 261 Cfa

1138 110 53 29.05 175 298 221 Cfa

1138 110 45 30.75 159 298 201 Cfa

1308 257 65 22.21 230 298 261 Cfa

1195 110 65 17.09 230 298 241 Cfa

1365 270 65 22.21 230 326 261 Af

1365 270 59 22.21 230 326 261 Af

1422 282 62 22.21 230 326 261 Af

1251 245 48 32.46 167 326 221 Cfa

1251 196 56 22.21 183 298 221 Cfa

1195 172 51 22.21 175 298 221 Cfa

1251 184 56 22.21 214 298 241 Cfa

1081 110 48 18.79 167 271 241 Cfb

1195 110 45 30.75 159 298 201 Cfa

1138 110 62 17.09 222 298 241 Cfa

1251 123 48 34.17 167 543 201 Cwa

1308 233 48 30.75 167 326 221 Cfa

1251 221 48 23.92 167 298 241 Cfa

1251 257 59 22.21 214 298 241 Cfa

1384 269 63 22.48 222 314 261 Af

1195 172 48 20.50 167 298 241 Cfa

1308 257 59 22.21 214 298 261 Cfa

1195 110 62 17.09 222 298 221 Af

1251 233 53 23.92 183 298 241 Cfa

1308 257 59 20.50 214 298 261 Cfa

1251 184 56 20.50 206 298 241 Cfa

1251 245 48 22.21 167 298 241 Cfa

853 110 45 25.63 151 217 221 Cfb

1024 110 45 18.79 151 298 201 Cfa

1024 110 48 18.79 159 298 221 Cfa

LN_603 13.37 22.61 24.62 6.53 18.09

LN_36_4680 13.37 22.61 24.62 6.53 18.09

Mochras borehole

Mochras (1) 17.89 22.61 26.03 9.75 16.28

Mochras (2) 16.38 24.22 24.62 8.14 16.48

Depths (m)

515.42 17.89 22.61 26.03 9.75 16.28

408.43 23.92 24.22 26.03 9.75 16.28

368.8 14.87 24.22 24.62 6.53 18.09

368.2 8.84 11.36 16.18 3.32 12.86

1081 110 48 17.09 159 298 221 Cfa

1308 147 73 15.38 246 570 241 Cwa

1138 123 42 17.09 143 298 181 Cfa

1308 147 73 15.38 246 570 241 Cwa

1308 270 45 17.09 151 543 201 Cwa

1138 110 45 15.38 151 298 201 Cfa

739 86 42 17.09 135 190 181 Cfb

324.61 11.86 11.36 17.59 6.53 11.06 1251 135 53 17.09 175 298 302 Cfb

APPENDIX 1.

Geological setting of sediments dated to the Oligocene and Miocene of the northwest edge of Europe

Details concerning previous palynological investigations of exclusively Rupelian (section 1); exclusively Chattian (section 2), Oligocene (section 3), early Miocene (section 4) and sequences containing various ages (section 5) of the northwest edge of Europe have been described below. Descriptions of cores, boreholes and wells taken from sites, and their corresponding lithologies are listed. Dating methods applied to assemblages, proposed depositional settings, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and palaeoclimate variable reconstructions, where possible, are described below for each study site.

Tables

Abbreviations

N	Nanjing University
A	Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum
Y	Yale University
A A	Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum
H	University of Helsinki
G	Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève
E	Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
B	Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet
F	Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department
C	University of Copenhagen
I	"Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University
J	University of the Witwatersrand

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Tracheophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Sapindales
Family	Sapindaceae

Cupania

Treatment

Tables

Abbreviations

Copyright notice

Taxonomy

Specimens

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