Eudonia Billberg, 1820

Léger, Théo, 2024, Half of the Diversity Undescribed: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals 32 New Species and a High Cryptic Diversity in the Scopariinae and Crambinae of the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists 3 (2), pp. 1-93 : 17

Eudonia Billberg, 1820

Eudonia Billberg, 1820 .

Type species: Phalaena mercurella Linnaeus, 1758 .

= Boiea * Zetterstedt, 1839: 995. Type species: Phalaena mercurella Linnaeus sensu Zetterstedt, 1839 .

= Borea Stephens, 1852: 2

= Dasyscopa Meyrick, 1894: 464 . Type species: Dasyscopa homogenes Meyrick, 1894 . Léger et al., 2019, p. 769 (syn.)

= Dipleurina Chapman, 1912: 507. Type species: Phalaena crataegella Linnaeus sensu Hübner, 1796 . Nuss, 1999, p. 59 (syn.)

= Dipluerina Sharp, 1913: 357

= Dipleurinodes P. Leraut, 1989: 14–16 . Type species: Dipleurinodes mineti Leraut, 1989 . Léger et al., 2019, p. 769 (syn.)

= Eudipleurina P. Leraut, 1989: 10–11 . Type species: Eudoria (Dipleurina) ankaratella Marion, [1957] . Léger et al., 2019, p. 769 (syn.)

= Malageudonia P. Leraut, 1989: 20 . Type species: Witlesia malgassicella Marion, 1956 , by original designation. Nuss, 1999, pp. 21, 22–23, 59 (syn.)

= Vietteina P. Leraut, 1989: 36 . Type species: Vietteina ivelonensis Leraut, 1989 . Nuss, 1999, p. 59 (syn.)

= Witlesia Chapman, 1912: 507 . Type species: Eudorea pallida Curtis, 1827 . Munroe 1972: 47 (syn.)

= Wittlesia Chapman, 1912: 507, 518, pl. 40, 44

DIAGNOSIS

Descriptions of Eudonia are provided in Nuss (1999) and Li, Li & Nuss (2012). The presence of an appendix bursae in female genitalia is an apomorphy for Eudonia + Scoparia ( Léger et al., 2019) . The gnathos tip directed posterad or upwards as well as the absence of cornuti on vesica in male genitalia is apomorphic for Eudonia ( Léger et al., 2019; Nuss, 1999). The following characters of male genitalia further characterize the genus: uncus broad and short; valva rather simple, lacking the free distal process of the sacculus. In female genitalia, the following characters are characteristic for Eudonia : anterior and posterior apophyses usually long (over 3 X tergite length); intersegmental membrane IX-X long (over 2 X tergite length), colliculum long, tubular, sclerotized; ductus bursae long, always membranous, corpus bursae with a signum, devoid of appendix bursae ( Léger et al., 2019; W. Li et al., 2012).

DISTRIBUTION

Distributed on all continents and many oceanic islands, including subantarctic islands (W. Li et al., 2012; Nuss et al., 2003 –2023). Two species are found in the Philippines: Eudonia penicula sp. n. and Eudonia barbipennis (Hampson, 1897) .

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

Eudonia is sister to Scoparia ( Léger et al., 2019) .