Lycoderides serraticornis (Fowler, 1894)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7FC54B15-09D0-4644-8E99-970B4A98377B |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5C1A-FFD0-FA44-94CF-DEDAFBEB54CC |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Lycoderides serraticornis (Fowler, 1894) |
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Lycoderides serraticornis (Fowler, 1894) View in CoL
( Figs. 2C–D View FIGURE 2 , 4C–D View FIGURE 4 , 5C–D View FIGURE 5 , 6A–B View FIGURE 6 , 12A–E View FIGURE 12 , 14A–C View FIGURE 14 , 16B View FIGURE 16 )
Remarks: In recent expeditions, we collected several females and one male of L. serraticornis in Antioquia. Based on these specimens, we determined that Flórez-V et al. (2015) mistakenly recorded Lycoderides abditus from Colombia. The specimen examined in Flórez-V et al. (2015) actually belongs to a male of L. serraticornis .
The male genitalia of L. serraticornis , L. aburraensis sp. nov., and L. santainensis sp. nov. share similarities but exhibit key differences. In L. serraticornis , the aedeagus has a smaller hump at the base of the posterior arm ( Fig. 12D View FIGURE 12 ), and the styles are slender in lateral and dorsal views ( Fig. 12B–C View FIGURE 12 ), distinguishing it from L. santainensis sp. nov. Externally, males of L. serraticornis differ from those of L. abditus , L. aburraensis sp. nov., and L. santainensis sp. nov. in several ways, including a more elevated pronotum that descends from above the humeral angles, larger and more triangular suprahumeral horns, the presence of a pair of anteroventral carinae below the suprahumeral horns, a pair of wart-like protuberances on the dorsal margin of the head, and differences in forewing coloration and sclerotization. The male of L. serraticornis is more similar to L. abditus than to L. santainensis sp. nov. The warts match the surrounding body coloration ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ), as in L. abditus , but different from L. santainensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ); additionally, L. serraticornis lacks warts on the forewing veins ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ), unlike L. santainensis .
Females of L. serraticornis can be distinguished from those of L. abditus and L. santainensis sp. nov. by the following features: a longer and more elevated pronotal horn with an almost straight posterior margin, well-developed suprahumeral horns, a lower subapical elevation on the posterior process, and a brownish-hyaline forewing membrane densely speckled in the apical third.
Diagnosis: Male. General color brown to dark brown. Forewings hyaline, sparsely speckled from basal third to apical quarter, densely speckled apically; sclerotized area scattered with small wart-like protuberances; veins lacking warts; warts same color as surrounding body area. Head with one pair of wart-like protuberances on dorsal margin. Metopidium slightly inclined forward; pronotum elevated above head 2× head length, descending almost above humeral angles; suprahumeral horns triangular; one pair of anteroventral carinae below suprahumeral horns. Female. Pronotum elevated above head 2.5× head length in frontal view; pronotal anterior process almost as long as pronotal height; in lateral view, subapical crest of posterior process slightly elevated. Forewing membrane brownish-hyaline, densely speckled at apical third; veins lacking warts.
Description: Male ( Fig. 2C–D View FIGURE 2 , 4C–D View FIGURE 4 , 5C–D View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 ). Color: General color brown. Head dark brown, lighter around dorso-lateral margin of vertex; eyes variegated red, brown, and dark brown. Metopidium around median carina, suprahumeral horns, summit, and crest at posterior pronotal process lighter brown. Forewing sclerotized, punctuated, and brown on basal 1/3; forewing membrane hyaline from basal 2/3 to apex, speckled, with apical 1/4 densely speckled; veins lighter on non-speckled areas. Hindwings hyaline. Legs brown. Warts same color as surrounding body area.
Sculpture: Pronotum and sclerotized forewing areas with scattered wart-like protuberances, denser on metopidium and around dorso-median carina. Head, pronotum, sclerotized forewing areas, forewing veins, dorsal surface of tibiae, and tarsomeres with light brown pubescence. Body densely and coarsely punctuated (appearing opaque).
Head ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ): Hexagonal, twice as wide as long; eyes hemispheric; ocelli located above transocular line, closer to posterior margin and to eyes than to each other; one pair of wart-like protuberances above ocelli, on dorsal margin of vertex; supra-antennal ledges arched; frontoclypeus slightly emarginate above supra-antennal ledges; area of vertex on transocular line and frontoclypeus convex. In lateral view ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ), head slightly projected posteriorly, beak reaching metacoxae.
Thorax: Mesepimeron with one finger shape process on ventral base. Pronotum in frontal view ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ), more or less triangular, elevated above head 2x head length; suprahumeral horns triangular, with carinae along edges; humeral angles triangular, weakly produced; in lateral view ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ), metopidium slightly inclined anteriorly, forming an obtuse angle with dorsal margin; one pair of short ventrolateral carinae below suprahumeral horns, each 1x eye length; dorsal margin slightly arched after suprahumeral horns, strongly descending above humeral angles until A2 forewing vein, then forming a small crest before reaching posterior margin of posterior process, extending near claval suture of forewing; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ), dorso-median carinae irregular, forming a zig-zag-line. Scutellum completely covered by pronotum. Tibia slightly spatulate on dorsal surface, metatibia with row II of cucullate setae.
Abdomen ( Fig. 12A–E View FIGURE 12 ): Male genitalia. Lateral plate totally fused to pygofer. Styles attached to subgenital plate on basal 1/3 of subgenital plate. Subgenital plate bilobed, divided almost from base, attached with VIII abdominal sternite. Styles in lateral view, with broad throughout until apical 1/3, with one tooth directed laterally; in ventral view, mesally expanded, apex hook shaped. Aedeagus with anterior arm reduced, posterior arm in lateral view, broad basally, then slightly narrow until apex; anterior and antero-lateral surface of apical 1/3 of posterior arm with denticles; in posterior view, subrectangular, slightly narrow at 1/2.
Female. Genitalia ( Fig. 14A–C View FIGURE 14 ): Second valvulae blade-shaped, basal third narrower than apical 2/3; apical 2/3 separated, wider toward subapex, apex acute; dorsal margin of apical 2/3 with sub-quadrangular teeth (TE); ramus extended to apical portion; pores over ramus and below dorsal margin of apical half and ventral margin of 1/3 apical area.
Late instar nymph (based on exuviae): Dorsoventrally flattened. Color: brown. Surface: Dorsal tegument densely covered with short chalazal setae and by indument of the plant, moss and lichen. Head: Ventrolateral lobes extended until external eye margin; small subtriangular processes above ventro-anterior margin; in ventral and dorsal view, ventro-anterior margin forming a continuous and widely arched margin with ventrolateral lobes. In lateral view, projected obliquely forward and downward; in dorsal view, about four times wider than long, rectangular. Thorax: Pronotum with metopidium vertical, with a short conical dorso-anteriorly projected process; an oblique carina extending from apex to humeral angles; dorso-median and oblique carinae with chalazae. Abdomen: In dorsal view, tergal segments IV–VIII with sub-triangular lateral lamellae, directed posterolaterally, smaller on tergum IV; terga III–VIII with three pairs of longitudinal rows of short tuberculate chalazae: one pair near the midline, one above the lateral lamellae, and one between the previously mentioned pairs.
Measurements: Male (mm): Body length: 6.50; pronotum length: 4.45; pronotum height: 2.06; forewing length: 5.28; width between humeral angles: 1.96; head width: 1.81; vertex length: 0.79; vertex width: 1.11.
Biology: In Colombia, adults and exuviae were recorded on Psidium guajava ( Myrtaceae ) at 2000 masl ( Fig. 16B View FIGURE 16 ). The integument of both males and females closely matched the color and texture of the bark of their host plants. On these plants, we also observed aggregations or females guarding their eggs or nymphs of a new species of Alchisme . Additionally, Richter (1942) recorded this species on Bellucia sp. ( Melastomataceae ) in Chocó.
Kenji Nishida (pers. comm.) recorded in Costa Rica adults of a Lycoderides species similar to L. serraticornis on Conostegia xalapensis ( Melastomataceae ), as well as both adults and nymphs on Terminalia amazonia ( Combretaceae ). On the latter plant species, he observed nymphs inside shelters built on stems by Azteca sp. ants. However, we could not unequivocally identify this Lycoderides species as L. serraticornis . Given the scarcity of biological records for Lycoderides , we include this observation here for reference.
Examined material and distribution: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Caldas (Vereda La Clara, Refugio Natural Alto de San Miguel — 1900–2100 masl) ; Cauca: Timbío ( Vereda La Rivera — 1600 masl) .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.