Uaitemuri, Santos & Gonzaga, 2017

Santos, Adalberto J. & Gonzaga, Marcelo O., 2017, Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180 (1), pp. 155-174 : 157-159

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12471
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14806798
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC7D47-3614-C802-1FB9-F64A88B4FA1B
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Uaitemuri
status	gen. nov.

Treatment

UAITEMURI View in CoL GEN. NOV.

Type species: Uaitemuri rupicola sp. nov.

Etymology: The generic name means ‘star’ in the language of the Xacriab a �, an indigenous group from south-eastern Brazil, and refers to the shape of the egg sacs of the type species (see below). Uaitemuri is an indeclinable feminine name.

Diagnosis: Uaitemuri can be distinguished from other uloborid genera by the combined presence of two pairs of dorsal and a single posterior tubercle on the opisthosoma ( Fig. 1A – C View Figure 1 ), by the unique flattened, leaf-shaped dorsal setae on the patella and tibia of all legs ( Fig. 1A – C View Figure 1 ), and by characters of male and female genitalia. The male palpus is most similar to those of Polenecia and Miagrammopes in the embolus encircling an apical and branched conductor and a prolateral median apophysis (see Coddington, 1990: figs 35, 38). Uaitemuri can be distinguished by the flattened embolus with a large base, the conductor with the distal portion forming a ventral hyaline plate and a dorsal, long and curved process arising from the basal portion. It can be further recognized by the presence of a retrolateral tegular plate ( Fig. 2A – D View Figure 2 , Supporting Information, Fig. S1A View Figure 1 ). Females are known for only one of the two species of the genus, and they present an epigynum and internal genitalia that are highly distinctive from other genera. The female epigynum consists of a ventral bulge and a posterior sclerotized plate containing two lateral copulatory openings ( Fig. 3A, B View Figure 3 ). The internal genitalia contain a pair of large spermathecae with a median gland mound, flattened copulatory ducts located on inflated hyaline copulatory atria and stout fertilization ducts ( Figs 3C – D, S View Figure 3 1B, C View Figure 1 ).

Remarks: As discussed below, Uaitemuri constitutes a monophyletic group within Uloboridae , and cannot be included in any currently described genus in the family. For an additional discussion on taxon names possibly applicable to Uaitemuri , see the Supporting Information.

Description: Total length 2.86 – 3.95 (males), 3.14 – 5.59 (females). Carapace oval, narrowest anteriorly, widest at the coxae III ( Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ), pars cephalica higher than pars thoracica ( Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ). Coloration pale brown, with lateral darker markings on the carapace, sternum, legs and dorsum of opisthosoma. Opisthosoma coloration usually reticulated, with pale brown stripes among white spots ( Fig. 1B, C View Figure 1 ). Whole body covered by white, pseudoserrate setae ( Figs 1B – C View Figure 1 , 6A View Figure 6 ). Thoracic fovea and dorsal grooves of carapace inconspicuous. Anterior and posterior eye rows recurved as seen from above ( Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ), procurved as seen frontally. All eyes black, on black tubercles. Eyes subequal in size, except by anterior laterals, which have approximately half the diameter of anterior medians. Distance between median and lateral eyes equal to approximately one median eye diameter in both rows. Median eyes approximately three diameters apart in both rows. Clypeus height equal to about one diameter of anterior median eyes. Chilum absent. Chelicerae darker than carapace, without condyle and with an irregular row of dark setae near the promargin of fang furrow. Fang length equal to about one-third of paturon length. Fang furrow with one retromarginal tooth and two median denticles. Endites subrectangular, serrula covering the entire anterior margin, visible ventrally. Labium approximately as long as wide. Sternum shield-shaped, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, widest between coxae II, with posterior tip between coxae IV. Lateral margins of sternum depressed near leg coxae, forming dark, shallow pits. Anterior lateral margins of sternum bulging near endites. Female palpus with conical tarsus, with a pectinate claw surrounded by long setae. Patella with a basal and an apical, dorsally flattened macrosetae, usually hyaline. Tibia with one basal and one median similar setae, the median the largest and strongly sclerotized ( Figs 1A – C View Figure 1 , 6B View Figure 6 ). Apex of leg tibiae usually with smaller, dorsal flattened setae. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi covered with scattered needle-like and pseudoserrate setae ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ), usually stronger ventrally. Tarsus IV with a ventral row of stout macrosetae. Femora I, II and III with a dorsal row of long trichobothria ( Fig. 1A – C View Figure 1 ). Basal third of all tibiae gently depressed dorsally, with two rows of smaller trichobothria. Trichobothria serrated, with capsulate basis covered by a shaft with costulate texture. Leg tegument with costate texture ( Fig. 6D View Figure 6 ). Calamistrum located on a dorsal depression, extended over the basal three-quarters of metatarsus IV. Opisthosoma with two pairs of dorsal humps, the posterior the largest; and one posterior median tubercle on a projection that extends beyond spinnerets ( Fig. 1A – C View Figure 1 ). Female cribellum undivided, completely covered by cribellar spigots ( Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot and a nubbin, both on a distinct field, surrounded by ~35 short piriform gland spigots ( Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ). Posterior median spinnerets with an anterior, mesal minor ampullate gland spigot, a median field of ~10 aciniform gland spigots, two anterior ectal cylindrical gland spigots, and a posterior field of long paracribellar gland spigots ( Fig. 7C View Figure 7 ). Posterior lateral spinnerets with a posterior ectal pseudoflagelliform gland spigot, four anterior and one ectal cylindrical gland spigots and ~15 scattered aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 7D View Figure 7 ). Male cribellum a wide plate, without spigots ( Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a single, large major ampullate gland spigot, surrounded by ~ 25 piriform gland spigots ( Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ). Posterior median spinnerets with a single, anterior minor ampullate gland spigot, a nubbin and seven clumped aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ). Posterior lateral spinnerets with 13 aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ). Female tracheal opening near spinnerets, connected to two large tracheal trunks directed anteriorly, each with three smaller, posteriorly directed branches (as in Opell, 1979: fig. 9). Tracheal trunks extended to prosoma, with large lateral branches inside each leg (as in Opell, 1979: fig. 12). Male palpus tibia gently curved, excavated apically at the prolateral side ( Fig. 2A, C View Figure 2 ). Cymbium spoon-shaped, anteriorly elongated and flattened. Copulatory bulb ovoid, tegulum mostly visible from ventral and retrolateral views, prolateral side covered by a tegular plate ( Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 4A – C View Figure 4 , 5A – C View Figure 5 ). Subtegulum small, ring-like, connected to tegulum by a median hematodocha ( Figs 2B – D View Figure 2 , 4A – C View Figure 4 , 5A – C, S View Figure 5 1A View Figure 1 ). Median apophysis as a hyaline outgrowth arising anteriorly from prolateral side of tegulum ( Figs 2A, B View Figure 2 , 4B, C View Figure 4 , 5B, C View Figure 5 ). Conductor apical, with a crescent-shaped base extended retrolaterally, a ventral, lightly sclerotized plate and a dorsal process forming a furrow (which apparently accommodates the embolus apically) and a dorsal, long and curved process ( Figs 2B – D View Figure 2 , 4A – C View Figure 4 , 5A – C, S View Figure 5 1A View Figure 1 ). Embolus with a large prolateral base with a posterior lobe inserted behind the tegular plate ( Fig. S1A View Figure 1 ) and flattened median and apical sections around the conductor, ending dorsally to the conductor’s ventral plate ( Figs 2B – D View Figure 2 , 4A – C View Figure 4 , 5A – C, S View Figure 5 1A View Figure 1 ). Sperm duct trajectory with a marked switchback inside embolus base ( Figs 4A View Figure 4 , 5A, S View Figure 5 1A View Figure 1 ). Female epigynum located on a large, ventral hump on epigastric plate, with a posterior sclerotized plate containing two subtriangular copulatory openings ( Figs 3A, B View Figure 3 , 4D, E View Figure 4 ). Spermathecae oval, distinctly connected to a porous base from which ducts arise ( Fig. 3C, D View Figure 3 ). Copulatory ducts flattened, inserted inside large, balloon-shaped hyaline copulatory atria ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 , 4F, S View Figure 4 1B, C View Figure 1 ). Fertilization ducts long and sclerotized ( Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ).