Epacanthaclisis maculosa ( Yang, 1986 )

Zheng, Yuchen, Badano, Davide, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Hayashi, Fumio & Liu, Xingyue, 2025, Revision of the antlion genus Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1910 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 5657 (1), pp. 1-100 : 49-51

Epacanthaclisis maculosa ( Yang, 1986)

( Figs. 1C , 2K , 23C–D , 24D , 28 , 38B , 57B )

Boutuleon maculosa Yang, 1986: 423 (type locality: China: Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong; holotype in CAU). Stange, 2004: 88 ( Epacanthaclisis ). Ao et al., 2010: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis ). Wang et al., 2018: 50 ( Epacanthaclisis ). Yang et al., 2018: 62 ( Epacanthaclisis ). Yang et al., 2023: 779 ( Epacanthaclisis ).

Diagnosis.Adult: Vertex generally black. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Pronotum mostly yellow or orange with laterally dark brown. Legs generally black. Wings posterior margin slightly concave distally. Forewing costal space with a row of spots on basal half; marking on basal cubital area as an indistinct dark brown spot. Hindwing medially with a few indistinct dark brown spots. Sunk part of male tergum 4 with a dark brown marking. Male sternum 9 linguiform with distal margin constricted; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view; internal gonocoxites 9 long rhombic in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view; lateral ectoproct barely expanded, without any markings.

Description of adult. Size. Head width: 3.21–3.43 mm; forewing length: 36.27–44.56 mm; hindwing length: 36.21–44.42 mm.

Head. Vertex generally black ( Fig. 28C ). Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum entirely black. Frons yellow, anteriorly black, dark part medially concave, posterolaterally with a pair of dark brown dots ( Fig. 28B ). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum yellow. Maxillary palpus brown, distal segment pale brown. Labial palpus pale yellow, distal segment fusiform and dark brown, distally pale yellow. Mandibles yellowish-brown with distal half dark reddish brown.

Thorax. Pronotum mostly yellow or orange with laterally dark brown. Intersegmental membrane between pronotum and mesonotum luminous yellow. Mesoprescutum dark brown; mesonotum dark brown; mesoscutellum dark brown, medially with an indistinct yellowish line. Metanotum dark brown; metascutellum dark brown, posteriorly with a pair of yellowish spots ( Fig. 28C ). Pleurae dark brown.

Legs. Generally black, covered with many dark setae. All coxae and femora distally yellow or orange; tibial spurs brown, barely curved; pretarsal claws slightly curved, protruded basally. Fore- and midtibial spur reaching the tip of tarsomere 3; hind tibial spur reaching base of tarsomere 3, tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg ( Fig. 28A ).

Wings. Long ovoid, posterior margin slightly concave distally, hyaline with dense dark brown spots. Forewing as long as hindwing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing costal space with a row of spots on basal half, distal half with a row of smaller spots; spots on basal part relatively distinct, spots on medial and distal parts mostly indistinct; rhegma as an oblique spot or stripe; marking on basal cubital area instinct; costal and basal half of posterior crossveins mostly connected by oblique veinlets; five presectoral crossveins present, distal presectoral cells sometimes biloculate; RP with 8–10 branches; RP origin basal to MP fork, nearly align at CuA fork. Hindwing costal space with a row of indistinct spots; spots on basal and medial parts indistinct and sparse; rhegma as a dark brown spot or stripe; two presectoral crossveins present ( Figs. 23C–D , 24D , 28A ).

Abdomen. Male terga 1–3 generally dark brown; tergum 4 pale, swollen, medially sunk, sunk part with a dark brown marking and covered with dense relatively long setae; tergum 5 pale, swollen, anterior margin medially with stout setae; tergum 6 pale; terga 7–8 generally dark brown ( Figs. 2K , 38B ). Male genitalia. Sternum 9 linguiform with distal margin constricted ( Fig. 28E ). External gonocoxites 9 strongly sclerotized externally, encased internal gonocoxites 9; external gonocoxites 9 slightly curved in ventral view; membrane tubercles on external gonocoxites 9 as large as internal gonocoxites 9; internal gonocoxites 9 long rhomboidal in ventral view. Gonocoxites 11 long subtriangular in caudal view, external arms rounded; gonostyli 11 thin in ventral view ( Figs. 28H–L ). Lateral ectoproct barely expanded, without marking, distal margin with stout curved setae ( Figs. 28D–E ). Female genitalia. Pregenital plate widely sclerotized, medially tapered. Anterior branches of gonocoxites 8 weakly developed, tuberculate, covered with setae; posterior branches of gonocoxites 8 thumblike, slightly curved, covered with long setae; gonapophyses 8 as a pair of transversal bands, internally curved and constricted. Gonocoxites 9 with slender slightly stout setae. Ectoproct nearly trapezoid in lateral view ( Figs. 28F–G ).

Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan , Tengchong County [Ř冲县], 1194 m, 14.VI.1979 ( CAU) . Paratype: 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong County, Xishanba [ZƜ坝], 1800 m, 2.VI.1979 ( CAU) .

Additional material. 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan , Longling County [Īä县], VI.2021 ( IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang District, Mangkuan Township , Baihualing Village , Hanlong Camp , 1450 m, 5.VI.2020, Yuchen Zheng & Jiazhi Zhang ( IZCAS) . 1♂ 1♀, same locality as above, 12.V.2021, Chao Wu & Jiazhi Zhang ( CAU) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Dali, Mt. Cangshan [ĖƜ], Shimenguan [ƋLJï], 31.V.2023, Zhixin He ( IZCAS) . 1♂, CHINA: Yunnan, Dehong, Yingjiang County [ȁȕ县], Xima Town [ÄḶḍ], Hulukou [ôễ 口], 1200 m, VI.2019, Weizong Yang ( IZCAS) . 1♂, same locality as above, VI.2020, Weizong Yang ( IZCAS) . 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County [ṅƌ县], Mt. Huanglianshan [WĭƜ], Bamawudu [Âṽȃů], 1650 m, 31.V.2021, Yuchen Zheng ( CAU) . 1♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang, Fengqing County [凤±县], Qingtou Village [Ã头ť], 2250 m, 21.VI.2024, Wenqi Yin & Jiaheng Chen ( IZCAS) .

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Living adults of species of Epacanthaclisis Okamoto, 1905, from China. A. E. wuchaoi Zheng, Badano & Liu sp. nov., female, Lvchun (Yunnan) (photo by Chao Wu); B. E. jiazhii sp. nov., female, Baoshan (Yunnan) (photo by Yuchen Zheng); C. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986), female, Lvchun (Yunnan) (photo by Yuchen Zheng); D. E. xiaohongae Zheng & Liu sp. nov., male, Pianma (Yunnan) (photo by Yuchen Zheng); E. E. minana (Yang, 1999), male, Dehua (Fujian) (photo by Yuchen); F. E. ningshana Wan & Wang, 2010, male, Beijing (photo by Chao Wu); G. E. darman Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., male, Gyirong (Xizang) (photo by Chao Wu); H. E. zuqii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., Pianma (Yunnan) (photo by Yuchen Zheng).

FIGURE 2. Male abdomens of Epacanthaclisis spp., dorsal view. The E. continentalis group: A. E. continentalis Esben- Petersen, 1935, Khinjan (Afghanistan); B. E. darman Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., Gyirong (Xizang, China); C. E. hamata Krivokhatsky, 1998, Talas (Kyrgyzstan); D. E. liuyingqiae Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., Medog (Xizang, China); E. E. victor Badano, Zheng & Liu sp. nov., Zhentang (Xizang, China); F. E. zhiweii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., Tsizhong (Yunnan, China); G. E. zuqii Zheng, Badano, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck & Liu sp. nov., Pianma (Yunnan, China); The E. tuyuezhengi group: H. E. tuyuezhengi Zheng & Liu sp. nov., Yajiang (Sichuan, China); I. E. zhihaoi Zheng & Liu sp. nov., Weixi (Yunnan, China); The E. maculosa group: J. E. jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi & Liu sp. nov., Baoshan (Yunnan, China); K. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986), Baoshan (Yunnan, China); L. E. minana (Yang, 1999), Dehua (Fujian, China); M. E. minana, Lu-An (Anhui, China); N. E. xiaohongae Zheng & Liu sp. nov., Pianma (Yunnan, China); The E. moiwana group: O. E. banksi Krivokhatsky, 1998, Wenxian (Gansu, China); P. E. longwai Zheng, Hayashi & Liu sp. nov., Lu-An (Anhui, China); Q. E. moiwana (Okamoto, 1905), Yatsushiro (Japan); R. E. ningshana Wan & Wang, 2010, Beijing (China).

FIGURE 23. Habitus of the Epacanthaclisis maculosa group. A. E. jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi & Liu sp. nov., holotype male, Baoshan (Yunnan); B. E. jiazhii sp. nov., paratype female, Baoshan (Yunnan); C. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986), male, Baoshan (Yunnan); D. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986), female, Lvchun (Yunnan); E. E. minana (Yang, 1999), male, Dehua (Fujian); F. E. minana, female, Dehua (Fujian); G. E. xiaohongae Zheng & Liu sp. nov., holotype male, Pianma (Yunnan); H. E. xiaohongae sp. nov., paratype female, Pianma (Yunnan).

FIGURE 24. Habitus of the Epacanthaclisis maculosa group. A. E. wuchaoi Zheng, Badano & Liu sp. nov., female, Lvchun (Yunnan); B. holotype male of Botuleon maculata Yang, 1986, Huaning (Yunnan); C. holotype male of B. minana Yang, 1999, Nanping (Fujian); D. holotype male of B. maculosa Yang, 1986, Tengchong (Yunnan).

FIGURE 28. Epacanthaclisis maculosa (Yang, 1986), adult, Yunnan (China). A, D–E. Male, Baoshan. B–C. Female, Lvchun. A. Habitus; B. head, frontal view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; male terminalia: D. lateral view; E. ventral view; female terminalia: F. lateral view; G. ventral view; male genitalia: H. ventral view; I. dorsal view; J. lateral view; K. cephalic view; L. caudal view.

FIGURE 38. The Epacanthaclisis minana group from China, male abdominal terga 4–5, dorsal view. A. E. jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi & Liu sp. nov., Baoshan (Yunnan); B. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986), Baoshan (Yunnan); C. E. minana (Yang, 1999), Dehua (Fujian); D. E. minana, Lu-An (Anhui); E. E. xiaohongae Zheng & Liu sp. nov., Pianma (Yunnan).

FIGURE57.Themorphologicalsimilarity between sympatricallydistributed EpacanthaclisisOkamoto,1910andNeochauliodes van der Weele, 1909 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Yunnan (China), mainly reflected in the thoracic coloration and the markings on the forewings. A. E. jiazhii Zheng, U. Aspöck, H. Aspöck, Hayashi & Liu sp. nov.; B. E. maculosa (Yang, 1986); C. N. punctatolosus Liu & Yang, 2006; D. N. tonkinensis (van der Weele, 1907). (Photos by Yuchen Zheng)