Tonnoira sinuosa, Jaume-Schinkel, 2025

Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, 2025, Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species, Zootaxa 5673 (1), pp. 1-26 : 14-15

Tonnoira sinuosa sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 6–7 )

Differential diagnosis

Tonnoira sinuosa sp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining species in the genus by the combination of the following characters: epandrial appendage with a single tenaculum; gonostyli not bifurcated and strongly sinuous; two parameres, of which one is irregularly shaped. No other known species present so strongly sinuous gonostyli, and irregularly shaped paramere (the remaining species have digitiform paramere(s)).

Etymology. The species name sinuosa derives from the Latin word sinus meaning curve, combined with the suffix "-osus" meaning full of (resulting in full of curves), and the termination -a makes it feminine to agree with the gender of the genus. The name refers to the strongly sinuous (s-shaped) gonostyli. To be treated as an adjective.

Examined material.

Type. Ecuador — Pichincha • 1 ♂; Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Near San Pancracio, roadway to Pachijal , area behind platform; 0.1186, -78.9580; 770 masl; 12–15 Jan 2022; Kilian, Isabel leg.; Malaise Trap; slide mounted in Euparal; INABIO [ZFMK-DIP-00102046] .

Description. Measurements given in millimeters (mm), (N = 1). Wing length: 1.70, width: 0.70. Head length and width not available. Antennal segments: scape: 0.10; pedicel: 0.05; flagellomere 1: 0.13, flagellomere 2: 0.14, remaining flagellomeres absent. Palpal segment 1: 0.03; palpal segment 2: 0.09; palpal segment 3: 0.12; palpal segment 4: 0.13.

Male. Head is damaged ( Fig. 6 A ), presumably spherical; eye bridge appears joined along its entire length, with four rows of facets; interocular suture absent; frontal patch of alveoli not observed. Antennal scape cylindrical, longer than the pedicel; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres fusiform and longer than scape, with scattered setae on the surface, the maximum number of flagellomeres present is 3; ascoids absent. Palpal segments cylindrical, first palpal segment less than half the length of the second, last palpal segment is not corrugated, palpal proportions: 1.0:2.4:3.3:3.4; labium and labella not observed.

Thorax ( Fig. 6 B ). Wing ( Fig. 6 C ) about 2.4 times longer than its width; wing membrane hyaline; Sc vein short, ending before the origin of R 1; radial fork slightly basal to medial fork; stem of R 2+3 short and not joining R 4; R 5 ending at the wing apex; apex of CuA ending at wing margin.

Terminalia ( Figs. 6 D , 7 ). Hypandrium band-like on ventral view and joining the base of the gonocoxites; gonocoxites bulbous, slightly longer than their width; gonostyli strongly sinuous, almost s-shaped (as in Fig. 7 ); aedeagus on ventral view digitiform, slightly curved with a truncated (broad) apex ( Fig. 7 ); two parameres present, one paramere is placed ventrally to the aedeagus, irregularly shaped (as in Fig. 7 ), second paramere is placed dorsally to the irregular paramere and is the shape is digitiform,evenly narrowing towards the apex ( Fig. 7 ); the ejaculatory apodeme is about the same length as the aedeagus, the basal margin is rounded; gonocoxal apodemes plate-like, joining at middle; epandrium rectangular ( Fig. 7 ), anterior margin straight, posterior margin concave; hypoproct broad on anterior margin, abruptly narrowing to a digitiform projection on the posterior margin, covered in setulae; epiproct rectangular, shorter than half the length of the hypoproct; epandrial appendages ( Figs. 6 D , 7 ) prolonged and tapering distally, covered with setae, with one apical tenaculum.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality.

Genetics. Holotype was successfully sequenced, GenBank accession number: PQ884227.

Figures

FIG. 1. Maximum Likelihood tree, based on CO1 barcode data (reconstructed with IQ Tree). Ultrafast bootstrap values are shown on the nodes. The clusters of the species delimitation analyses are shown to the right, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) 1st and 2nd partition, Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Species Identifier (spID) with a threshold of 3%. Black bars indicate congruence and red bars indicate incongruence with our morphological delimitation. GenBank accession numbers are given as branch labels.

FIG. 6. Tonnoira sinuosa sp. nov. A–D ♂, holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00102046) A. head, demaged, frontal view. B. thorax, lateral view. C. wing. D. genitalia (ventral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).

FIG.7. Tonnoirasinuosa sp.nov. ♂,holotype (ZFMK-DIP-00102046) linedrawing of thegenitalia (ventralview).Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; eja = ejaculatory apodeme; ep ap = epandrial appendage; gon ap = gonocoxal apodemes; gns = gonostylus; gnx = gonocoxite; hyp = hypandrium; hpo = hypoproct; par = paramere(parameres); ten = tenaculum(tenacula). All scales are in millimeters (mm).