Clinocera Meigen, 1803

Sinclair, Bradley J. & Plant, Adrian R., 2022, Clinocera Meigen of Thailand (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae), Zootaxa 5200 (6), pp. 525-549 : 526-527

Clinocera Meigen

Clinocera Meigen, 1803: 271 . Type-species, C. nigra Meigen, 1804 (subsequent monotypy by Meigen, 1804: 292).

Atalanta Meigen, 1800: 31 . Suppressed by I.C.Z.N., 1963: 339 (Opinion 678).

Paramesia Macquart, 1835: 656 . Type-species, P. wesmaeli Macquart (des. Coquillett, 1903: 255).

Hydrodromia Macquart, 1835: 658 . Type-species, Heleodromia stagnalis Haliday (des. Coquillett, 1903: 251).

Atalanta Meigen in Hendel, 1908: 60. Type-species, Clinocera nigra Meigen, 1804 (see Evenhuis & Pape 2017: 25 ). Aclinocera Yang & Yang, 1995: 236 . Type-species, A. sinica Yang & Yang (original designation).

Recognition. Clinocera of Thailand are assigned to two species groups: species of the C. nigra group are distinguished by the broad face with a pale pruinescent patch at each lower corner of the face. Species of the C. lineata group are distinguished by presence or absence of facial setulae, expanded base of distiphallus and prolonged apex of the surstylus.

Description. See Sinclair (1995, 2008) for full description of the genus and keys to genera of Clinocerinae and species groups of Clinocera .

Key to Thailand species of Clinocera

1 Face broader than width of antennal bases, not narrowed medially ( Fig. 3 ); lower margin of face with whitish pruinescence laterally ( Fig. 3 )...................................................................... C. courtneyi sp. nov.

- Face narrower than width of antennal bases, often also narrowed medially ( Figs 4 , 13 ); lower margin of face without whitish pruinescence laterally, often with medial stripe ( Fig. 4 )....................................................... 2

2 Pleura brown, similar to scutum ( Figs 1 , 9, 12 ).............................................................. 3

- Pleura yellow, distinctly paler than scutum ( Figs 2 , 11 ); if doubtful, scutum with dark median vitta ( Fig. 14 )............. 6

3 Ocellar setae distinctly shorter than vertical setae ( Fig. 1 ).................................... C. abbreviata sp. nov.

- Ocellar setae subequal in length to vertical setae............................................................. 4

4 Face with setulae, median pruinescent stripe broad dorsally, indistinctly extending between antennal bases ( Fig. 13 ); scutum without pale lateral margin, at most postpronotal lobe pale; clasping cercus tapered apically ( Fig. 17 ); surstylus with crown of setulae projecting posteriorly............................................................ C. srisukai sp. nov.

- Face without setulae, median pruinescent stripe tapered dorsally, distinctly extending between antennal bases to ocellar triangle ( Fig. 4 ); scutum with whitish pruinescent lateral margin (oblique view) from postpronotal lobe along lower portion of notopleuron and pleura with transverse pruinescent band ( Figs 9, 12 ); clasping cercus either very narrow and strongly curved or apex expanded ( Figs 8 , 10 , 16 ); surstylus rounded, without crown of setulae projecting posteriorly................... 5

5 Postpronotal seta well developed, similar to scutal setae ( Fig. 9 ); male fore femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of long, slender, pale setae, longer than width of femur ( Fig. 9 ); female fore femur with anteroventral row of short, slender setae one-third width of femur; clasping cercus very narrow, strongly curved and darkly pigmented ( Figs 8 , 10 )................................................................................................... C. gracilis sp. nov.

- Postpronotal setula very slender, weak compared to scutal setae ( Fig. 12 ); male fore femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of short, slender, dark setae; female fore femur with anteroventral row of short, stout setae one-fifth width of femur; clasping cercus expanded apically, with rounded apex ( Fig. 16 )................................ C. spatulata sp. nov.

6 Scutum with dark median vitta, bordered by yellow vittae ( Fig. 14 ); clasping cercus expanded at apex ( Fig. 18 )............................................................................................. C. univittata sp. nov.

- Scutum without dark median vitta; clasping cercus tapered at apex ( Figs 6 , 15 ).................................... 7

7 Scutum with broad yellowish lateral margin often extending up to posterior notopleural seta ( Fig. 2 ); surstylus rounded without crest of setulae projecting posteriorly ( Fig. 6 )........................................... C. areeluckorum sp. nov.

- Scutum with narrow yellowish lateral margin not extending to posterior notopleural seta ( Fig. 11 ); surstylus rectangular with crest of setulae projecting posteriorly and narrow inner projection ( Fig. 15 )........................ C. rostrata sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Species of Thailand Clinocera. 1, C. abbreviata sp. nov., head, thorax, foreleg, lateral view, scale bar = 0.25 mm; 2, C. areeluckorum sp. nov., male habitus, lateral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; 3, C. courtneyi sp. nov., face, frontal view, scale bar = 0.25 mm; 4, C. gracilis sp. nov., head, oblique anterior view, scale bar = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: oc s – ocellar seta(e).

FIGURES 13–14. Species of Thailand Clinocera. 13, C. srisukai sp. nov., head, oblique frontal view; 14, C. univittata sp. nov., thorax, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 9–12. Species of Thailand Clinocera. 9, C. gracilis sp. nov., head, thorax, foreleg, lateral view, scale bar = 0.25 mm; 10, C. gracilis sp. nov., male terminalia, oblique view, scale bar = 0.1 mm; 11, C. rostrata sp. nov., male habitus, lateral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; 12, C. spatulata sp. nov., head, thorax, lateral view, scale bar = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 15–18. Male terminalia of Thailand Clinocera, lateral view. 15, C. rostrata sp. nov.; 16, C. spatulata sp. nov.; 17, C. srisukai sp. nov.; 18, C. univittata sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm

FIGURES 5–8. Male terminalia of Thailand Clinocera, lateral view. 5, C. abbreviata sp. nov.; 6, C. areeluckorum sp. nov.; 7, C. courtneyi sp. nov.; 8, C. gracilis sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc pl—cercal plate; cl cerc—clasping cercus; distph—distiphallus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm