Garcinia assamica J.Sarma, Shameer & N.Mohanan, Phytotaxa
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2023.33.03.01 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5C231-6E76-C513-129F-4CD4F76A1298 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Garcinia assamica J.Sarma, Shameer & N.Mohanan, Phytotaxa |
status |
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Garcinia assamica J.Sarma, Shameer & N.Mohanan, Phytotaxa View in CoL 252 (1): 73. 2016 View Cited Treatment . Type: INDIA, Assam, Barpetta district, Manas National Park, India GoogleMaps –Bhutan border, N 26°34’22.2”, E 091°13’03.5”, 78 m, 22.04.2015, J. Sarma 79673 (holo, TBGT!; iso, CAL!, MH!). FiG. 3a–c View FiG
Dioecious evergreen to semi-evergreen trees, up to 15 m tall; exudate greenish-yellow; branches horizontally spreading; branchlets terete. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, angular, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina elliptic-oblong, 7–11 × 2.5–5 cm, obtuse at base, entire on margins, acuminate at apex, coriaceous; midribs raised on both sides; lateral veins inconspicuous, 10–12 pairs per side. Staminate flowers tetramerous, 4–6 grouped in on short axillary or terminal branched spikes; pedicels c. 0.5 cm long; sepals orbicular, c. 0.7 × 0.6 cm, convex, coriaceous, margin membranaceous, pale green; petals ovate-orbicular, 0.6–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 cm, membranaceous on margins, creamy white; stamen 25–30, on a convex receptacle; rudimentary pistil absent. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, sessile, on short axillary or terminal, unbranched or branched spikes, if unbranched, flowers 2–4 at tip, where as in branched spikes, flowers 2–5 at each node; sepals orbicular, c. 0.6 × 0.5 cm, convex, coriaceous, membranous at margins; petals orbicular, 0.8–1 cm long, membranaceous towards margins, pale yellow; staminodes 4 or 5, in a ring around ovary; ovary globose, c. 0.5 cm in diam., vertically grooved, 4 or 5-loculed; stigma 8–10-rayed, warty. Berries turbinate, 5–7 × 3–4 cm, smooth, fleshy, with distinct mamilla, greenish, turning orange-yellow when ripe. Seeds 2–5, oblong, c. 2 × 1 cm, compressed.
Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from February to May; fruiting from April to June.
Habitat: Semi-evergreen forests, near to rivulets, between 100–300 m elevation.
Distribution: Endemic to Assam.
Specimens examined: INDIA, Assam, Barpetta district, near Khaladia River, near Manas National Park , 100 m, 03.08.2015, P. S. Shameer 79679 ( TBGT); Darrang district , Changoria, 22.04.1895, s.coll. 11174 (ASSAM); Kalahari, 76 m, 01.04.1914, U. N. Kanjilal 3726 (ASSAM) .
Conservation status: Data Deficient ( IUCN 2021).
Uses: The fruits are edible and used for making pickles by locals in Assam (Baruah et al., 2021).
Notes: Garcinia assamica is morphologically allied to G. nigrolineata Planch. ex T.Anderson , an Indo-Malayan species found in almost the same ecological conditions, in the arrangement of flowers on axillary short spikes; arrangement of stamens on a convex disc and number and arrangement of staminodes in pistillate flowers. But it is distinct from the latter in having greenish-yellow (not yellowish) exudate; 2–5 pistillate flowers fascicled at nodes against solitary flowers; 4–5-loculed ovary against 5–7-loculed ovary; turbinate and smooth fruits against globose and vertically grooved surface, and fruit tip mamillate against round tip.
Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T.Anderson View in CoL in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 266. 1874; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 24: t. 80C. 1883; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 59: 159. 1890; Vesque in A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 414. 1893; Brandis, Indian Trees 50. 1907; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. 1: 173. 1922; Engl., in Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2) 21: 220. 1925; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 114. 1931; Kanjilal et al., Fl. Assam 1; 109. 1934; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. 1: 1047. 1935; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 118. 1964; Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 206. 1973; N.P.Singh in B.D.Sharma & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 105. 1993; Hajra et al., Mat. Fl. Arunachal Pradesh 1: 183. 1996; Ngerns., Diversity, 14(556): 2. 2022. Lectotype (designated by Maheshwari, 1964): INDIA, Upper Assam, Tabong, Griffith 862 (K [K000677601 digital image!]). FiG. 3D–f View FiG Habitat: In humid, lowland forests on the plains, up to 600 m elevation.
Distribution: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore.
Specimens examined: MALAY PENINSULA, 153 m, April 1880 , H. Kunstler 1452 ( CAL); 153 m, April 1881, King’s coll. 1652 ( CAL); Perak , s.d ., L. Wray 2756 ( CAL). SINGAPORE, 21.10.1929, Nees s.n. ( MH [ MH89869 ]). THAILAND, Siam , August 1923 , A.F.G. Kerr 7477 ( TCD 0010444 About TCD digital image!); Siam, March 1928 , A.F.G. Kerr 14913 ( TCD0010445 About TCD digital, image!); Siam, April 1931, Lakshnakara, Mom Chao 734 ( TCD0010446 About TCD digital image!) .
Uses: The exudate from fruit is used as a fixative in dyeing silk. Fruit rind is edible, used in curries ( Maheshwari, 1964).
Dioecious evergreen trees, to 20 m tall; exudation Notes: Maheshwari (1964) cited the ‘ Type: Griffith , colourless; branchlets robust, terete. Petioles 1.5–2 Kew distrib. 862, Tabong, Upper Assam (K)’; cm long, slender, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina whereas Kanjilal et al. (1934), Singh (1993) and Hajra oblong-lanceolate, 12–20 × 5–8 cm, cuneate at base, et al. (1996) give locality as Assam and Arunachal margins entire, obtuse to shortly acuminate at apex; Pradesh. But other than the type specimen, we midribs raised on both sides; lateral veins numerous, could not find any specimens from Indian regions, c. 50 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces. Staminate deposited in any herbaria. Hence other than the flowers tetramerous, in few flowered, terminal literature evidence, the occurrence of the species in racemes, 2–2.5 cm in diam., pedicels 0.75–2 cm long, Indian region is yet to be confirmed.
slender; sepals pale yellow with red tinge inside, 0.8–
Garcinia cadelliana King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 1 cm long, orbicular, concave, membranous; petals 59: 154. 1890; C.E.Parkinson, Forest. Fl. Andaman deep red, 1–1.5 cm long, obovate, concave; stamens Islands 90. 1923; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. numerous, in a globose mass, inserted on a thin India 6: 135. 1964; N.P.Singh in B.D.Sharma &
annular fleshy receptacle; rudimentary pistil broad
Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 107. 1993; Hajra et cylindric. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, terminal, al., Fl. Andaman Islands 1: 137. 1999; Dagar & solitary, rarely geminate, 2.5–3 cm in diam.; N.T.Singh, Pl. Resour. Andaman & Nicobar Isl. pedicels 1.5–2.5
cm
long, slender; sepals orbicular,
2: 417. 1999. G. lanessanii Pierre var. β cadelliana
concave,
similar
to
staminate flowers; petals deep
(King) Vesque in A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: red,
concave,
fleshy, 0.8–1.2
cm,
smaller than
359. 1893. Lectotype (designated here): INDIA, staminate flowers; staminodes numerous, united in
Andaman Islands, South Andaman district, near
a
thin fleshy
wavy
annulus round the
ovary; ovary
Port Blair, Hills rocky place, 30.07.1884, King’s oblong
or
sub-globose, ribbed, 0.8–1
cm
diam.,
coll. 371 (CAL [CAL0000208116!]; isolecto CAL 8–16-locular; stigma deep red, thick, fleshy,
convex,
[CAL0000208117!], K [K000677632 digital 4-lobed. Berries depressed globose, 6–10 cm in
image!], GDC [G00458416 digital image!]). FiG. 4 View FiG diam., slightly 9–13-grooved, green, turning bright yellow on ripening, crowned by sessile, concave, Dioecious semi-evergreen trees, 8–10 m tall; ribbed stigma. Seeds 6–10 or more, enclosed in young branches slender, terete. Petioles 6–7 cm translucent bright orange pulpy aril. long, transversely rugose, with longitudinal ridges,
adaxially ligulate at base; lamina elliptic to elliptic- Vernacular names: Gelugor, Som-khaek (Assamese).
oblong, 8.5–14 × 4–7 cm, cuneate at base, margins Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from April to June; revolute, sub-acute at apex, coriaceous; midribs fruiting from July to September. raised on both sides; lateral veins conspicuous, 10–
12 pairs per side, raised on both surfaces. Staminate flowers 3–8, in axillary fascicles, tetramerous, 0.5– 0.6 cm in diam.; pedicels 0.2–0.25 cm long, stout; sepals almost orbicular, 0.15–0.2 cm in diam., margin membranaceous; petals obovate-orbicular, 0.2–0.3 cm long, concave; stamens 4-phalangiate, stamens indefinite in each phalange; rudimentary pistil slender, fungiform. Pistillate flowers and fruits not known.
Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from July to August; fruiting not seen.
Habitat: Evergreen forests, at 850 m elevation.
Distribution: Endemic to Andaman Islands.
Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 1998).
Typification: King (1890) cited the specimen Andamans, King’s coll. 137 in the protologue, without mentioning where it is deposited. We could locate four specimens under this collection number, two housed at CAL ( CAL0000208116 About CAL , CAL0000208117 About CAL ), one deposited at K ( K000677632 ) and one at GDC ( G00458416 ). The sheet CAL0000208116 About CAL with a detailed description by the author is designated here as the lectotype .
Notes: Known only from the type collection, which is a male specimen. King noted in the protologue, ‘pistillate flowers and fruits unknown’. Maheshwari (1964) treated it as a doubtful species. Singh (1993) included this species with the comment ‘it is best kept as a distinct species until fresh collections are made’. Hajra et al. (1999) and Dagar and Singh (1999) also included the species in their floristic accounts.
Garcinia calycina Kurz, J. Bot. View in CoL 13: 324. 1875; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 33: t. 87D. 1883; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 59: 160. 1890; Vesque in A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 478. 1893; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb 55. 1902; Engl., in Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2) 21: 226. 1925; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 134. 1964; N.P.Singh in B.D.Sharma & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India 3: 107. 1993; Hajra et al., Fl. Andaman Islands 1: 138. 1999; Dagar & N.T.Singh, Pl. Resour. Andaman & Nicobar Isl. 2: 417. 1999; Shameer & N.Mohanan, Rheedea 29 (2): 182. 2019. Lectotype (designated by Shameer & Mohanan, 2019): INDIA, Nicobar Islands, Kamorta, February 1875, S. Kurz s.n. (CAL [CAL0000005868!]; isolecto K [K00067763, K000677634 digital image!], W [W0073376 digital image!]).
Dioecious shrubs, 4–6 m tall; exudate brownish-white; branchlets tetragonous. Petioles 0.8–1 cm long, slender, adaxially ligulate at base; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 7.5–10 × 3.5–5 cm, cuneate at base, slightly revolute on margins, shortly caudateacuminate or sub-acute at apex, coriaceous; midrib prominent on both sides; lateral veins 7–8 pairs, obliquely parallel. Staminate flowers tetramerous, axillary, solitary or paired, c. 0.4 cm in diam.; pedicels c. 0.4 cm long; sepals orbicular, concave, 0.15–2 cm in diam.; petals orbicular, concave, 0.2–0.3 cm in diam.; stamens to 20, on convex torus, rudimentary pistil absent. Pistillate flowers tetramerous, axillary, solitary, larger than staminate flowers, sub-sessile; sepals ovate, 0,15– 0.2 cm long; petals orbicular, 0.3–0.5 cm in diam.; staminodes 10–12, distinct, around the ovary; ovary ovoid, 0.2–0.3 cm in diam., 4-locular, entirely covered by the large hemispheric stigma. Berries ovoid-oblong, 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 cm, smooth, sepals persistent at base and crowned by sessile hemispheric stigma. Seeds 4, oblong, 0.8–1 × 0.5–0.6 cm, compressed.
Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from January to February; fruiting not seen.
Habitat: Sea shore vegetation of Kamorta Island of Nicobar.
Distribution: Endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Notes: After the original collection made in 1875, no further collections were reported.
Garcinia cambogioides (Murray) Headland, Man. Mater. Med. Therap. View in CoL [Royle] (ed. 3): 339, fig. 48. 1856. Shameer & N.Mohanan, Rheedea 30(4): 465. 2020. Stalagmitis cambogioides Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. View in CoL 9: 173. 1789; G.Don, Gen. Syst. 1: 621. 1831; Hebradendron cambogioides (Murray)Graham, Compan.Bot.Mag. View in CoL 2: 199. t. 27. 1836. Lectotype (first-step designated by Maheshwari, 1964; second-step by Shameer & Mohanan, 2020): SRI LANKA , s.d., Hermann 195 (BM [BM000621661 digital image!]); isolecto (BM [BM00621719 digital image!]).
Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. View in CoL in Lam et al., Encycl. 3: 701. 1792; T.Anderson in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 204. 1874; Bourd., Forest Trees Travancore 23. 1908; Ram Rao, Fl. Pl. Travancore 29. 1914; Dunn in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1: 74. 1915, excl. syn G. elliptica Wall. View in CoL & G. pictoria Roxb. View in CoL ; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 132. 1964; M.Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 80.1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 20. 1988; V.S.Ramach. & V.J.Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 55. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 71. 1990; N.P.Singh in B.D.Sharma & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. Ind. 3: 119. 1993; M.Mohanan & A.N.Henry, Fl. Thiruvananthapuram Dist. 71. 1994; K.N.Subram., Fl. Thenmala Division 23. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 52. 1996; Sivar. & P.Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 69. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 25. 1998 & Fl. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary 22. 2002; N.Mohanan & Sivad. Fl. Agasthyamala 85. 2002. Mangostana View in CoL morella Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. View in CoL 2: 106, t. 101.1790.
Garcinia gutta Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1: t. 44. 1840, excl. syn.
P |
Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants |
S |
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
TBGT |
Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute |
U |
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland |
N |
Nanjing University |
CAL |
Botanical Survey of India |
MH |
Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel |
K |
Royal Botanic Gardens |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Genus |
Garcinia assamica J.Sarma, Shameer & N.Mohanan, Phytotaxa
N., Mohanan, P. S., Shameer, Abstract, T. Sabu & L., Garcinia 2023 |
Garcinia cambogioides (Murray) Headland, Man. Mater. Med. Therap.
Shameer & N. Mohanan 2020: 465 |
G. Don 1831: 621 |
Garcinia calycina
Shameer & N. Mohanan 2019: 182 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1999: 138 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1999: 417 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1993: 107 |
Maheshw. 1964: 134 |
King 1890: 160 |
Kurz 1875: 324 |
Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T.Anderson
Ngerns. 2022: 2 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1996: 183 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1993: 105 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1973: 206 |
Maheshw. 1964: 118 |
King 1890: 159 |
Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1874: 266 |