Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck 1834)

FAISAL ALI ANWARALI KHAN, VICKI J. SWIER, SERGIO SOLARI, PETER A. LARSEN, BESAR KETOL, WAHAP MARNI, SIVANATHAN ELLAGUPILLAY, MAKLARIN LAKIM, MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH & ROBERT J. BAKER, 2008, USING GENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO EXAMINE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF OLD WORLD BATS: REPORT OF A RECENT COLLECTION FROM MALAYSIA, Occasional Papers of the Museum 281, pp. 1-30 : 12

Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck 1834)

Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Kelawar Ladam Bulat Biasa)

Specimens examined (20).— Krau: TTU 108417, TK 152015, TTU 108178, TTU 108186, TTU 108189, TTU 108190, TTU 108191, TTU 108192, TTU 108196, TTU 108198, TTU 108199, TTU 108201, TTU 108209, TTU 108222; Bako NP: TTU 108267, TTU 108289, TTU 108294, TTU 108296, TTU 108297, TTU 108301 (GenBank EU521616 ).

Type locality.— Indonesia, Java, Anjer coast .

Malaysian distribution.—Recorded throughout Southeast Asia including Peninsular Malaysia (all states), and Borneo (Sabah: Gomantong, and Sukau; Sarawak: Bako NP, Fairy Cave, and Jambusan Cave).

Remarks.— Bicolor species group (Corbet and Hill 1992). This species was caught in harp traps in small flyways. Hipposideros bicolor has a simple noseleaf, lacking leaflets, and a straight internarial septum (Hill 1963; Hill et al. 1986). More than 20 individuals per night were captured in Krau and released after identification, representing the highest total number of specimens of a single species captured at any site. This species was classified into two different phonic types, 131 kHz and 142 kHz, in Peninsular Malaysia ( Kingston et al. 2001). A third phonic type of 136 kHz has been recorded in Sarawak (Les Hall, pers. comm.). Although several morphological features have been described to differentiate the ‘131’ and ‘142’ types, some overlap exists among these features and the frequency of echolocation calls seems to be the best discriminator ( Kingston et al. 2001). Variation in echolocation call frequency is reflected in cyt- b sequences with a genetic distance of 7% between the two phonic types in Peninsular Malaysian populations ( Kingston et al. 2001). When these two types were compared to Borneo individuals, genetic distances of 5% (to the 131 type) and 11% (to the 142 type) were observed. The significance of this variation remains to be defined. The only available subspecies name in Borneo is H. b. bicolor that is similar to those from Java (type locality), whereas in Peninsular Malaysia it is H. b. atrox (Hill et al. 1986). The two phonic types that are found in Peninsular Malaysia occur sympatrically, suggesting there is at least one unrecognized species within currently designated H. bicolor from Malaysia. Specimen TTU 108296 (13 August 2006) was pregnant.